HSC-2021-2022 IMPORTANT PARAGRAPH WRITING

 

 

 

 

 

Paragraph Writing

 

HSC

 

 

 


By IRFAN SIR

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paragraph n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GKwU aviYvi Dci mym½Z, myMwVZ Ges †hŠw³K Av‡jvPbv| Paragraph-Gi evK¨My‡jv ci¯•‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _vK‡e| GQvovI evK¨My‡jv A‡_©i w`K w`‡q msMwZc~Y© n‡e|

Points to remember :

      GKwU gvbm¤•bœ Paragraph †jLvi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ welqMy‡jvi Dci Myi“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e|

      (K)  GKwU title _vK‡Z n‡e|

      (L) GKwU c¨vivq wjL‡Z n‡e|

      (M) GKB e³e¨ cybive„wË Kiv hv‡e bv|

      (N) mnR-mij I †QvU †QvU evK¨ w`‡q †jLv †kªq|

      (O) A‡_©i avivevwnKZv i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|

      (P) msw¶ß iƒc cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

GKwU Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡j Zv‡K wb‡P D‡j­wLZ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU group- Gi Aax‡b wjL‡Z n‡e| Avi G c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡j Lye mn‡R GKwU gvbm¤•bœ Paragraph †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i|

(i)    Paragraph development by listing & example: G RvZxq Paragraph- G Topic sentence Gi mg_©‡b D`vniYMy‡jv list AvKv‡i wjL‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î firstly, secondly, finally G ai‡bi ms‡hvRK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Qualities of a Good Student Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡j GKRb fv‡jv Qv‡Îi wewfbœ MyY list AvKv‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e My Likes, My Dislikes, Qualities of a Good Teacher, Qualities of a Good Leader, Dangers of Smoking, The Books I Have Read Recently, My Favourite Player, My Favourite Teacher, A Day Labourer, A Rickshaw Puller, My Neighbours, Early Rising Gi Dci paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|

(ii) Paragraph development by comparison & contrast: mvaviYZ `ywU wel‡qi Dci Zzjbvg–jK Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ G ai‡bi Paragraph †jLv n‡q _v‡K| `ywU wel‡qi myweav Ges Amyweavi w`KMy‡jv D‡j­L K‡i †hŠw³Kfv‡e G ai‡bi Paragraph develop Ki‡Z nq| firstly, secondly, finally, besides, moreover, on the other hand, on the contrary, while G ai‡bi ms‡hvRK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e Football and Cricket, Radio and Television, Village and Town, Childhood and Old Age, School and College Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|

(iii) Paragraph development by cause and effect: G RvZxq Paragraph mvaviYZ wewfbœ Problem msµvš@ n‡q _v‡K| G Paragraph-Gi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e cÖavbZ Kx Kx Kvi‡Y Problem-wU N‡U _v‡K| Gici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e Gi d‡j mvaviYZ Kx ai‡bi cÖfve ev effect c‡o| G‡¶‡Î †bwZevPK cÖfveMy‡jv‡K Myi“Z¡ Abymv‡i ch©vqµ‡g mvRv‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Road Accident, Corruption, Poverty, Price Hike, Labour Unrest, Begging, Flood, Air Pollution, Population Explosion, Traffic Jam, Drug Addiction, Strike, Sound Pollution Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|

(iv) Paragraph development by space and time : G‡¶‡Î HwZnvwmK Myi“Z¡ enb K‡i Ggb NUbv (time) A_ev HwZnvwmK, A_©‰bwZK wKsev wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Myi“Z¡c–Y© Ggb †Kv‡bv Space ev AÂj wb‡q Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e A Book Fair, A Trade Fair, A Village Fair, My School, My School Library, My Reading Room, A Flower Garden, A River, My Village, My Country, Liberation War, Language Movement, My School Days, A Journey by Boat Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|

(v) Paragraph development by definition :  G RvZxq Paragraph mvaviYZ Abstract idea wb‡q †jLv nq| G‡¶‡Î cÖ_gZ welqwU †Kvb †kªwY‡Z c‡o Zv D‡j­L K‡i GKwU msÁv w`‡Z n‡e| Gi c‡i Gi cÖavb cÖavb ˆewkó¨, myweav, Amyweav Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Democracy, Truthfulness, Corruption, Honesty, Terrorism, Perseverance, Happiness, Freedom  Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|

(vi) Paragraph development by classification : G RvZxq Paragraph-G mvaviYZ welqe¯‘‡K wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gfv‡e Clothes, Music, University Students, Flowers, Fruits, Rivers of Bangladesh, Professions, Foods, Books, Habits Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|

 

 

 

 

Food Adulteration

Food adulteration means making food or drink less pure by adding or mixing another substance to it. Nowadays foods are often adulterated. In hotels and restaurants stale and rotten foods are mixed with fresh food and served to the customers. Fish and vegetables are adulterated by putting on them chemicals and other preservatives in order to make them look fresh. Bakery and confectionery products are also prepared by using toxic substances and thus they get adulterated. Junk food contains harmful chemicals. Even fruits, milk and beverages are adulterated. In fact, all kinds of foods and food articles are adulterated by dishonest and greedy businessmen and shop keepers for quick and unearned profit. Adulterated foods are a serious health hazard. They cause many fatal diseases and even death. They are the cause behind thousands of people suffering from cancer, kidney failure, heart problems and other diseases. According to a survey report, nearly 40% of 82 samples of milk, milk products, fish, fruits and vegetables have been found contaminated in different areas of Dhaka city. Public awareness should be created so that they become careful about buying foods and food articles. Besides, the criminals have to be identified and punished. The relevant department of the government should remain ever vigilant against food adulteration and gear up their activities. (Words: 216)

Lv‡`¨ †fRvj

Lv‡`¨ †fRvj ej‡Z Lvevi ev cvbxq‡Z Ab¨ Dcv`vb wgwk‡q A_ev †hvM K‡i Kg weky× Kiv‡K †evSvq| eZ©gv‡b Lvev‡i cÖvqB †fRvj †gkv‡bv nq| †nv‡UjMy‡jv‡Z Ges †i÷z‡i‡›U ZvRv/UvUKv Lvev‡ii m‡½ evwm I cuPv Lvevi wgwk‡q LwiÏvi‡K cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| gvQ Ges kvKmewR‡Z ivmvqwbK Ges Ab¨vb¨ msi¶‡Yi e¯‘ wgwk‡q Zv‡`i‡K UvUKv †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ †fRvj Kiv nq| †eKvix Ges Kb‡dKkbvix mvgMÖx‡ZI welv³ Dcv`vb e¨envi K‡i ˆZwi Kiv nq Ges Gfv‡e GMy‡jv †fRvj nq| †L‡Z my¯^v`y A_P ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi LveviMy‡jv welv³ ivmvqwbK c`v_© aviY K‡i| GgbwK dj, `ya Ges †Kvgj cvbxqI †fRvj Kiv nq| e¯‘Z/g–jZ mKj ai‡bi Lvevi Ges Lv`¨ Dcv`vbmg–‡n Amr I †jvfx e¨emvqxiv Ges †`vKvb`viiv `ª“Z jv‡fi Rb¨ †fRvj †gkvb| †fRvj Lv‡`¨i gvivÍK ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK i‡q‡Q| GMy‡jv A‡bK cÖvYbvkK †iv‡Mi m„wó K‡i GgbwK g„Zz¨I NUvq| nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li K¨vÝvi, wKWbxi mgm¨v, ü`‡ivM I Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡Mi KviY GMy‡jv| GKwU mgx¶v Abyhvqx, XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ GjvKvq cÖvß 82 ai‡bi `ya, `y»RvZ cY¨, gvQ, dj I kvKmewRi g‡a¨ cÖvq 40 kZvskB †fRvj e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q| Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Zviv Lv`¨ Ges Lv`¨ Dcv`vb †Kbvi mgq mZK© nq| ZvQvov Acivax‡`i mbv³ Ki‡Z n‡e I mvRv w`‡Z n‡e| miKv‡ii mswkÐó wefvM‡K Lv‡`¨ †fRv‡ji wei“‡× me©`v mZK© _vKv DwPZ Ges Zv‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi MwZ evov‡bv DwPZ|

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela is an icon of the struggle for justice across the world. He was the great leader of anti-racist movement in South Africa. He freed South Africa from the shackles of apartheid and made it a multi-racial democratic country. He was imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against the white minority rule in South Africa. He never compromised with the tyrant rulers. He also never lost his resolve to fight. During those years, he was the world's most celebrated political prisoner. The white-led government tried their best to suppress the struggle but failed. At last the world community pressed them to surrender. They released Mandela and admitted to change the country's constitution. In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and he became the country's first black President in 1994. He left public life in 2004. Nadine Gordimer, the Nobel laureate South African writer, wrote about him, "He is at the epicenter of our time, our in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are." In a statement given in 1963 at the Rivonia Trial, he said, "During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to the struggle of the African people." He is called "Madiba" by his countrymen. He is no more but everyone will remember him for his humanity, kindness and dignity. (Words: 216)

†bjmb g¨v‡Ûjv

†bjmb g¨v‡Ûjv wek¦ Ry‡o b¨vqwePv‡ii Rb¨ msMÖv‡gi GK g–Z© cÖZxK| wZwb wQ‡jb `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq eY©ev`we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi gnvb †bZv| wZwb `w¶Y Avwd«Kv‡K eY©ev` †_‡K gy³ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GUv‡K GKwU eûRvwZK MYZvwš¿K iv‡ó« cwiYZ K‡ib| wZwb `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq msL¨vjNy †k¦Zv½ kvm‡bi wei“‡× jovB K‡i cÖvq wZb `kK Ry‡o Kvivevmx wQ‡jb| wZwb ˆ¯^ivPvix kvmK‡`i mv‡_ KLbI Av‡cvm K‡ibwb| wZwb KL‡bv jovB Kivi `„pZvI nvivbwb| †mB eQiMy‡jv‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q L¨vwZgvb ivRe›`x| †k¦Zv½ kvwmZ miKvi †mB Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi h_vmva¨ †Póv Pvjvq wKš‘ e¨_© nq| Ae‡k‡l wek¦ m¤•Ö`vq Zv‡`i AvÍmgc©Y Ki‡Z Pvc †`q| Zviv g¨v‡Ûjv‡K gy³ K‡i †`q Ges †`‡ki msweavb cvëv‡Z ivwR nq| 1993 mv‡j g¨v‡Ûjv‡K †bv‡ej kvwš@ cyi¯‹v‡i f‚wlZ Kiv nq Ges 1994 mv‡j wZwb †`kwUi cÖ_g K…òv½ ivó«cwZ nb| wZwb 2004 mv‡j ivR‰bwZK Rxeb Z¨vM K‡ib| `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi †bv‡ej-weRqx †jwLKv bvw`b Mw`©gvi Zuvi m¤•‡K© e‡jb, ÒwZwb Av‡Qb Avgv‡`i mg‡qi †K›`ª¯’‡j, Avgv‡`i gv‡b `w¶Y Avwd«Kvb‡`i g‡a¨ Ges †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨Ñ †hLv‡bB †Zvgiv _v‡Kv bv †Kb|Ó 1963 mv‡j wi‡fvwbqv Av`vj‡Z cÖ`Ë GK fvl‡Y wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvwg Avgvi RxebRy‡o wb‡R‡K Avwd«Kvb RbM‡Yi msMÖv‡g DrmM© K‡iwQ|Ó Zuvi wbR †`‡ki gvbyl Zuv‡K Ôgvw`evÕ e‡j| wZwb Avi †bB wKš‘ Zuvi gvbeZv, `qv I gh©v`v‡ev‡ai Rb¨ Avgiv Zv‡K wPiKvj ¯§iY Kie|

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, known as Bangabandhu, is the 'Greatest Bengali of All Time'. He was born in a respectable Muslim family on 17 March, 1920, at Tungipara village under the Gopalganj district. He started his student life at Gimadanga Primary School at the age of seven. He passed the entrance examination from this school and got admitted to the Kolkata Islamia College. Then he took admission into Dhaka University and founded the Muslim Students League. He was one of the front-line leaders of the Language Movement and was arrested on March 11, 1948. In 1970, he was re-elected President of Awami League. Under his leadership, Awami League took part in the General Election of 1970 and gained absolute majority. On March 7, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman addressed a mammoth public rally at the Race Course ground. On the fierce night of March 25, the Pakistani Army cracked down on the innocent unarmed Bangalees, and arrested Sheikh Mujib. All the Bangalees, jumped into a bloody battle against the occupation forces. On December 16, 1971, Bangladesh became a free nation and Bangabandhu was freed from the Pakistani jail on January 8, 1972 and returned to his beloved country on January 10. It is a matter of regret that, Bangabandhu, the founding father of the nation, was killed by a group of wayward army officers. (Words: 215)

e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb

e½eÜz wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †kL gywReyi ingvb me©Kv‡ji †kÖô evOvwj| 1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP© †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g GKwU m¤¢vš@ gymwjg cwiev‡i wZwb Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb mvZ eQi eq‡m wMgvWv½v cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q QvÎRxeb kyi“ K‡ib| wZwb GB we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶vq cvm K‡ib Ges KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R fwZ© nb| Gici wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb Ges gymwjg QvÎjxM MVb K‡ib| wZwb fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g mvwii †bZv wQ‡jb Ges 1948 mv‡ji 11 gvP© †MÖßvi nb| 1970 mv‡j wZwb cybivq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b Ask †bq Ges wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| 7 gvP©, e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi wekvj Rbmfvq e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| 25 †k gv‡P©i wnsmª iv‡Z, cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbx wbixn wbi¯¿ evOvwji Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges  †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| mKj evOvwj i³v³ hy‡× Svwc‡q c‡o| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq Ges 1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi 8 Zvwi‡L e½eÜz cvwK¯@v‡bi †Rj †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡ib Ges Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi 10 Zvwi‡L wcÖq f‚wg‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| GUv cwiZv‡ci welq †h wKQy wecrMvgx †mbv Kg©KZ©v RvwZi RbK e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v K‡i|

Valentina Tereshkova

Valentina Tereshkova is a famous astronaut and living legend. She was born on 6 March 1937 in the village Maslennikovo, Tutayevsky district, in central Russia. At first she was a textile worker in a factory. After the space flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961, the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. Yuri Gagarin was the first human being for space flight. Anyway, Soviet Union selected Tereshkova for that mission on 16 February 1962. She had to undergo a series of training. After the successful launch of a spacecraft, Tereshkova began to prepare for her own flight. On the due date, she completed her communication and life support checks, and then was sealed inside the spacecraft Vostok-6. It was launched faultlessly and Tereshkova orbited the earth 48 times spending almost three days in space. In 1977, she earned a doctorate in Engineering from Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Once she turned to politics. During the Soviet era, she became one of the presidium members of the Supreme Soviet. Now she is a member in the lower house of the Russian legislature. On her 70th birthday, Vladimir Putin invited her and she expressed her desire to fly to Mars. She is now old, will die someday but will live for ever as a famous astronaut. (Words: 217)

†Z‡im‡Kvfv

†Z‡im‡Kvfv GKRb weL¨vZ b‡fvPvix I Rxeš@ wKse`š@x| wZwb 6 gvP© 1937 Zvwi‡L ga¨ ivwkqvi ZzZv‡qfw¯‹ †Rjvi gvm‡jwb‡Kv‡fv MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| cÖ_‡g wZwb GKwU KviLvbvi Kg©x wQ‡jb| 1961 mv‡j BDwi M¨vMvwi‡bi gnvKvkhvÎvi ci †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb GKRb bvix‡K gnvKv‡k †cÖi‡Yi wm×vš@ †bq| gnvKvk hvÎvi Rb¨ BDwi M¨vMvwib wQ‡jb cÖ_g gvbe| hv ‡nvK, 1962 mv‡ji 16 †deª“qvwi Zvwi‡L †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †Z‡im‡Kvfv‡K †mB D‡Ï‡k¨ wbe©vwPZ K‡i| Zuv‡K wKQy avivevwnK cÖwk¶Y wb‡Z n‡qwQj| GKwU b‡fvhv‡bi mdj DÇq‡bi ci †Z‡im‡Kvfv Zuvi wbR hvÎvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ †bIqv kyi“ K‡ib| wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L wZwb Zuvi †hvMv‡hvM I jvBd mv‡cU© cix¶v †kl K‡i b‡fvhvb †fv÷K-6 G P‡o e‡mb| GwU wbfz©jfv‡e wb‡¶c Kiv nq Ges gnvk–‡b¨ cÖvq wZb w`b KvwU‡q †Z‡im‡Kvfv 48 evi c„w_ex cwiågY K‡ib| 1977 mv‡j wZwb Ry‡Kvfw¯‹ Gqvi †dvm© GKv‡Wwg †_‡K cÖ‡KŠkj wel‡q W‡±v‡iU wWMÖx jvf K‡ib| GK mgq wZwb ivRbxwZi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡ob| †mvwf‡qZ Avg‡j wZwb mycÖxg †mvwf‡q‡Zi Ab¨Zg †cÖwmwWqvg m`m¨ nb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb i“k AvBbmfvi wbæK‡¶i GKRb m`m¨| Zuvi 70 Zg Rš§w`‡b fÐvw`wgi cywZb Zuv‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges wZwb g½jMÖ‡n hvIqvi AwfcÖvq cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb GLb e„×v, †Kv‡bv GKw`b gvivI hv‡eb, wKš‘ GKRb weL¨vZ b‡fvPvix wn‡m‡e wPiKvj †eu‡P _vK‡eb|

Kalpana Chawla

Kalpana Chawla was a famous astronaut. She died in an aerospace accident. She was born in Karnal, India on 17 March, 1962. She is the first Indian-born woman and the second person in space from the sub-continent. She graduated in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College and moved to the USA in 1982. She obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1984. Thereafter she got her PhD degree in the same subject in 1988 from the University of Colorado. In 1991, she got the Green Card and in four years, she started her career as a NASA astronaut. Her first space mission began on 19 November 1997 with some other astronauts. The name of the space shuttle was Columbia. On 16 January 2003, Chawla was on a space mission on the ill-fated space shuttle Columbia. Chawla was one of the mission specialists. She had some responsibilities including the microgravity experiments, for example–studying earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. After a 16 day mission in space, Columbia disintegrated into the Earth's atmosphere on its return journey and the brave woman Chawla's life came to an end. However, she will remain ever fresh in the history. (Words: 207)

Kíbv PvIjv

Kíbv PvIjv wQ‡jb GKRb weL¨vZ b‡fvPvix| wZwb b‡fvhvb `yN©Ubvq gviv hvb| wZwb 17 gvP©, 1962 mv‡j fvi‡Zi Kvb©v‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb cÖ_g fviZxq bvix Ges Dcgnv‡`‡ki wØZxq e¨w³ whwb gnvKv‡k hvb| wZwb cvÄve BwÄwbqvwis K‡jR †_‡K GAv‡iv‡bvwUKvj BwÄwbqvwis G øvZK K‡ib Ges 1982 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó« P‡j hvb| wZwb 1984 mv‡j BDwbfvwm©wU Ae †U·vm †_‡K GAv‡iv‡¯•m BwÄwbqvwis Gi Dci øvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Gici GKB wel‡qi Dci wZwb 1988 mv‡j BDwbfvwm©wU Ae Kjviv‡Wv †_‡K wcGBPwW wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| 1991 mv‡j wZwb MÖxb KvW© cvb Ges Pvi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wZwb NASA b‡fvPvix wn‡m‡e Zvi Kg©Rxeb Avi¤¢ K‡ib| 19 b‡f¤^i 1997 mv‡j Av‡iv K‡qKRb b‡fvPvixi m‡½ Zvi cÖ_g gnvKvk Awfhvb kyi“ nq| gnvk–b¨hvbwUi bvg wQj Kjw¤^qv| 16 Rvbyqvwi 2003 mv‡j, PvIjv Awfkß Kjw¤^qvq gnvKvk Awfhv‡b wQ‡jb| Awfhv‡b we‡klÁ‡`i g‡a¨ PvIjv wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg| gvB‡µvMÖ¨vwfwU cix¶Ymn Zuvi wKQy `vq`vwqZ¡ wQj, †hgb- c„w_ex I gnvk–b¨ welqK weÁvb ch©v‡jvPbv, AMÖmi cÖhyw³i Dbœqb Ges gnvKvkPvix‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ I myi¶v| gnvk–‡b¨ 16 w`‡bi Awfhv‡bi c‡i, Kjw¤^qv Gi wdiwZ åg‡Y f‚c„‡ô †f‡O c‡o Ges mvnmx bvix PvIjvi Rxebvemvb nq| hv †nvK, wZwb BwZnv‡m wPiKvj †eu‡P _vK‡eb|

Traffic Jam

Traffic jam is a severe problem in Dhaka city. It hampers the normal flow of citizens' life. Various types of vehicles run in the roads and become the cause of annoyance of the common people. They cannot go to their destination in time. School going children and office going employees suffer a lot. Traffic jam mainly occurs as a result of Dhaka's poor infrastructure. Only 7 percent of Dhaka is covered by roads, while Paris and Vienna have about 25 percent. There are about 60 traffic lights at 650 major intersections, and most of those lights do not work. Traffic jam in Dhaka costs about 3.8 billion dollar a year. Many dwellers in this city blame the rickshaws for this problem. Now the number of buses and cars have also increased. But a solution of traffic jam in this city must be made. Both the government and the common people should come forward. Good news is that the present government has taken some steps to reduce traffic jam. The metro rail project is one of them. But along with these projects government also should remove the hawkers who run their business on footpath. Public transport should be made available. Slow speeded transports should be banned from busy roads and more underpass and overpass should be built. (Words : 214)

hvbRU

XvKv kn‡i hvbRU GKwU gvivÍK mgm¨v| GwU bMievmxi mvaviY Rxebhvcb cÖev‡ni ¶wZ K‡i| iv¯@vq wewfbœ ai‡bi hvbevnb PjvPj K‡i Ges mvaviY gvby‡li weiw³i KviY n‡q `uvovq| Zviv mgqgZ Zv‡`i Mš@e¨¯’‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯‹zjMvgx wkky I AwdmMvgx Kg©Rxexiv Lye fz³‡fvMx nq| XvKvi wbægv‡bi AeKvVv‡gvB hvbR‡Ui g–j KviY| XvKvq gvÎ 7 kZvsk iv¯@v i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b c¨vwim Ges wf‡qbvi 25 kZvsk| GLv‡b 650wU cÖavb ms‡hvM mo‡K †gvU cÖvq 60wU UªvwdK jvBU Av‡Q hvi AwaKvskB KvR K‡i bv| XvKv kn‡i hvbR‡Ui Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi 3.8 wewjqb Wjvi e¨q Kiv nq| kn‡ii A‡bK evwm›`vB G mgm¨vi Rb¨ wi·v‡K `vqx K‡i| GLb evm Ges Mvwoi msL¨vI †e‡o‡Q| wKš‘ GB kn‡i hvbR‡Ui mgvavb Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e| miKvi Ges mvaviY gvbyl‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| mymsev` n‡”Q †h, eZ©gvb miKvi hvbRU Kgv‡Z wKQy c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †g‡Uªv †ij cÖKí Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU| wKš‘ GB me cÖK‡íi mv‡_ mv‡_ miKvi‡K dzUcv‡_ e¨emvKvix nKvi‡`i D‡”Q` Ki‡Z n‡e| MYcwienb mnRjf¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨¯@ moK †_‡K axi MwZi hvbevnb wbwl× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Av‡iv AvÛvicvm Ges Ifvicvm wbg©vY Kiv DwPZ|

Food/Eating habits of Bangladeshi people

Food habits refer to the habits or practices of taking food of the people of a particular society or a country. These habits differ from one society or country to another. In Bangladesh, different people like different kinds of foods according to their own choice and taste. But the eating habits of the people are almost the same. The Bangladeshi people have some special food habits. Rice with dal and fish is our most common and favourite food. Khichuri is another popular food item of the Bangladeshis. Besides, the Bangladeshis are also fond of meat. Moreover, pithas of different kinds and shapes and payesh are also liked very much by them. People also eat wheat, potatoes, other seasonal vegetables, eggs, bread and all sorts of local fruits according to their taste. People occasionally eat polao, biryani, chicken roast, mutton or beef curry. Most families in Bangladesh have three meals a day- breakfast, lunch and dinner. Old people take our traditional foods. But many young people are getting used to Chinese and western fast foods day by day. Now it is time we have to bring some changes in our food habits. We should form the habit of eating wheat or potatoes instead of eating too much rice. (Words : 206)

evsjv‡`wk Rbmvavi‡Yi Lv`¨vf¨vm

Lv`¨vf¨vm ej‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mgv‡Ri ev †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Lvevi MÖn‡Yi Af¨vm A_ev PP©v‡K †evSvq| GB Af¨vm GKwU mgvR †_‡K Ab¨ mgvR Ges GKwU †`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k wfbœZi| evsjv‡`‡k wfbœ wfbœ RbMY Zv‡`i wbR¯^ cQ›` I ¯^v` Abyhvqx wfbœ ai‡bi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i| wKš‘ RbM‡Yi Lv`¨vf¨vm cÖvq GKB ai‡bi| evsjv‡`wk RbM‡Yi wKQy we‡kl Lv`¨vf¨vm i‡q‡Q| fv‡Zi m‡½ Wvj Ges gvQ Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q mvaviY I wcÖq Lvevi/Lv`¨| wLPzwo evsjv‡`wk‡`i Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq Lvevi| ZvQvov evsjv‡`wkiv gvsmI cQ›` K‡i| AwaKš‘ wewfbœ AvKv‡ii I ai‡bi wcVv Ges cv‡qmI Zv‡`i Lye cQ‡›`i| RbMY Mg, Avjy, Ab¨vb¨ †gŠmywg mewR, wWg, cvDi“wU Ges Zv‡`i ¯^v` Abyhvqx mKj ai‡bi ¯’vbxq dj I Lvq| RbMY gv‡S gv‡S †cvjvI, wewiqvwb, gyiwMi †iv÷, Lvwm A_ev Mi“i gvs‡mi ZiKvix Lvq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj cwievi cÖwZw`b wZbevi Lvevi Lvq ­Ñ mKv‡ji bv¯@v, `ycy‡ii Lvevi I iv‡Zi Lvevi| e„× †jv‡Kiv Avgv‡`i cÖ_vMZ/HwZn¨MZ Lvevi MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ A‡bK hyeK/hyeZxiv w`‡b w`‡b cvðvZ¨ Lvev‡i Af¨¯@ n‡q hv‡”Q| Avgv‡`i Lv`¨vf¨v‡m wKQy cwieZ©b Avbvi GLwb mgq| AwaK fv‡Zi cwie‡Z© Avgv‡`i Mg I Avjy LvIqvi Af¨vm Kiv DwPZ|

Adolescence

Children pass through several stages to become adult. There are four or five stages of growth: infancy, early childhood, later childhood, and adolescence. There are some who try to act older than their age. But most persons go through these stages whatever their economic or social status is. Adolescence generally covers from 13 to 18 years of age of a person. During this phase, one experiences critical transition like growing from childhood to adulthood and puberty. However, many adolescents face pressure to become alcoholic, drug-addict or chain-smoker that creates their health problems. These practices put them to high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies and infections from HIV. These exert long-lasting effects on future health and well-being. They are not fully capable of understanding sexual practices and this incapability may make them particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation and high-risk behaviours. Moreover, laws and policies often restrict unmarried adolescents' access to reproductive issues. For a solution, what older ones should do is to change their outlook about the adolescents and youths, treat them properly and also talk to them about various personal problems with an open up mind. They should go forward with a new look to build up them for the sake of the country's welfare. (Words : 208)

eqtmwÜKvj

cÖvßeq¯‹ nIqvi c‡_ wkkyiv KwZcq ch©vq AwZµg K‡i| eq:cÖvwßi Pvi-cuvPwU ch©vq i‡q‡Q: ˆkke, cÖv_wgK wkkyKvj, cieZ©x wkkyKvj I eq:mwÜKvj| wKQy wkky i‡q‡Q hviv Zv‡`i eq‡mi Zzjbvq eoÕi g‡Zv KvR K‡i| wKš‘ Av_©-mvgvwRK gh©v`v wbwe©‡k‡l wKQy e¨w³ Gme ch©v‡qi †fZi w`‡q AMÖmi nq| wK‡kvi ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e GKRb e¨w³i 13 †_‡K 18 eQi eqmmxgv‡K †evSvq| G Kvjc‡e© GKRb e¨w³ ˆkke †_‡K cÖvßeq¯‹Zv I †hŠb ¶gZv AR©‡bi gZ µvwš@Kv‡ji AwfÁZv jvf K‡i| hv †nvK, eû wK‡kvi g`¨c, gv`Kvm³ wKsev Aweivg a–gcvqx n‡Z Pvc †eva K‡i hv Zv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v m„wó K‡i| Gme Af¨vm D‡Ïk¨c–Y© I D‡Ïk¨nxb AvnZve¯’v, AcwiKwíZ Mf©aviY I GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi D”P SuywK‡Z †d‡j| GMy‡jv fwel¨r ¯^v¯’¨ I my¯’Zvi Ici `xN©¯’vqx cÖfve †d‡j| Zviv †hŠb AvPiYMy‡jv Abyave‡b cy‡ivcywi m¶g bq Ges GB mvg_¨©nxbZv Zv‡`i‡K †hŠb wbh©vZb I D”P SuywKi AvPi‡Yi cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e `ye©j K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Z`ycwi, AvBb I ixwZ cÖvqB AweevwnZ Zi“Y‡`i cÖRbb m¤•„³ welqMy‡jv Rvbvi †¶‡Î mxgve×Zv Av‡ivc K‡i| G mgm¨v mgvavbv‡_©, eq¯‹‡`i hv Kiv DwPZ Zv n‡”Q Zi“Y I hyeK‡`i m¤•‡K© `„wófw½ cvëv‡bv, Zv‡`i mv‡_ m½Z AvPiY Kiv Ges †m mv‡_ gy³ gb wb‡q Zv‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ e¨w³MZ welq wb‡q K_v ejv| Zv‡`i DwPZ †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Zi“Y‡`i Mo‡Z bZzb `„wófw½ wb‡q GwM‡q hvIqv|

Etiquette and Manners

There are two terms to describe our social behaviour — 'etiquette' and 'manners'. The first one is a French word. Etiquette means the rules of correct behaviour in society. Etiquette and good manners are essential to any civilization. Over the years the great people of the world have emphasized on etiquette and good manners. Good manners make you a person, while etiquette makes you socially acceptable. Etiquettes help you gain respect in society as well as in family. It is important to say 'please', 'thank you', 'pardon me', 'excuse me', 'may I' etc in everyday life. Family is the best institution for children to learn etiquette. Here children learn to respect the decision of all other family members. They also put into practice the foundation of all social etiquette here. Social etiquette means how you behave with your friends, neighbours and strangers. If you show respect and be well mannered with your friends and neighbours, you are sure to be in list of their favourite persons. They will trust you and care about you. We should remember that nowadays everyone observes us. We not only represent ourselves and our family but also our society, our nation. So it is important to be well mannered and have the proper sense of etiquette. (Words : 210)

wkôvPvi I AvPvi-AvPiY

Avgv‡`i mvgvwRK AvPiY eY©bv Kivi Rb¨ `yÕwU kã i‡q‡Q- 'etiquette' - 'manners'. cÖ_gwU GKwU divwm kã| wkôvPvi ej‡Z mgv‡R mwVK AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi wbqgvejx‡K †evSvq| †h‡Kv‡bv mf¨Zvi Rb¨ wkôvPvi Ges fv‡jv Av`e-Kvq`v AZ¨vek¨K| eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i c„w_exi gnvb e¨w³iv wkôvPvi I fv‡jv e¨env‡ii Dci Myi“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i Avm‡Qb| fv‡jv AvPiY †Zvgv‡K GKRb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ K‡i, †hLv‡b wkôvPvi †Zvgv‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| wkôvPvi †Zvgv‡K mgv‡R I cwiev‡i m¤§vb G‡b †`q| wkky‡`i Rb¨ cwievi n‡”Q wkôvPvi †kLvi DËg cÖwZôvb| GLv‡b wkkyiv cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i wm×vš@‡K kÖ×v Ki‡Z wk‡L| GLv‡b Zviv mKj mvgvwRK wkôvPv‡ii wfwËMy‡jvI Abykxjb K‡i| mvgvwRK wkôvPv‡ii A_© n‡”Q Zzwg †hfv‡e †Zvgvi eÜz, cÖwZ‡ekx I AcwiwPZ‡`i m‡½ AvPiY Ki| Zzwg hw` †Zvgvi eÜz I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i kÖ×v cÖ`k©b Ki Ges Zv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv e¨envi eRvq iv‡Lv, Zvn‡j wbtm‡›`‡n Zzwg Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i gvby‡li ZvwjKvq _vK‡e| Zviv †Zvgv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡e Ges †Zvgvi e¨vcv‡i hZœevb n‡e| Avgv‡`i GUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, eZ©gv‡b cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgv‡`i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| Avgiv kyaygvÎ Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i I Avgv‡`i cwiev‡iiB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi bv eis Avgiv cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri, Avgv‡`i RvwZi| ZvB fv‡jv AvPiYKvix nIqv I wkôvPvi Ávb _vKvUv Myi“Z¡c–Y©|

Higher Education in Bangladesh

Higher education system in Bangladesh has a long way of more than one hundred and fifty years of intellectual development. There are 35 government, 79 private and 3 international universities. At the higher level, universities are regulated by the University Grants Commission. The colleges providing higher education are under the National University. Although the number of government and private universities and colleges has been steadily increasing since Bangladesh gained independence in 1971, the enrollment completion rates are still very low. Because of limited number of seats in public universities and high tuition fees charged by the private universities, access to university education is rather limited. In the late 1990s the government gave priority to human resource development and emphasized "Education for All" as a target. Recent five year plans provide for a larger proportion of national budgets for opening additional colleges and universities especially in the area of medicine, science and information technology. The Bangladesh National University, to which many hundreds of colleges and affiliated, is being modernized and revamped. Thus the higher education system in Bangladesh developed periodically with vision and meeting demand of time. Private higher education also developed simultaneously saving foreign currency and ensuring total human development. (Words : 200)

evsjv‡`‡k D”Pwk¶v

evsjv‡`‡k D”Pwk¶vi eyw×e„wËK AMÖMwZi †¶‡Î †`ok eQ‡ii `xN© BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b 35wU miKvwi, 79wU †emiKvwi I 3wU Avš@R©vwZK wek¦we`¨vjq i‡q‡Q| D”P ch©v‡q wek¦we`¨vjqMy‡jv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi MÖv›U Kwgkb Øviv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| K‡jRMy‡jv‡Z †hLv‡b D”P wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Awafz³| hw`I 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci †_‡K A‡bK wek¦we`¨vjq Ges K‡j‡Ri msL¨v evo‡Q wKš‘ wek¦we`¨vj‡q ZvwjKvfyw³i msL¨v GLbI Lye Kg| cvewjK wek¦we`¨vj‡q mxwgZ msL¨K Avmb msL¨vi Kvi‡Y Ges cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vjqMy‡jv‡Z AwaK Li‡Pi Kvi‡Y wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡ek eis mxwgZ n‡q co‡Q| 1990 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K miKvi gvbe m¤•` Dbœq‡bi w`‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Q Ges j¶¨ wn‡m‡e Ômevi Rb¨ wk¶vÕ Kvh©µg cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| wPwKrmv, weÁvb I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Dci AwZwi³ K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ RvZxq ev‡R‡U cuvP eQi †gqv`x cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aax‡b kZ kZ K‡jR Awafz³ i‡q‡Q Zv AvaywbKvqb I cybM©V‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB evsjv‡`‡k D”Pwk¶vi Kvh©µg mg‡qi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vqµ‡g Dbœqb mvab n‡”Q| cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vjqMy‡jv hyMcrfv‡e ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv euvwP‡q Dbœqb mvab Ki‡Q Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e gvbe Dbœqb wbwðZ Ki‡Q|

Friendship

A friend is a person that someone likes or knows. People who are friends talk to each other and spend time together. They also help each other when they are in trouble or are hurt. Sometimes people can't tell their secrets to their parents so they tell it to their friends. A friend is one who admires a person's skill and helps or encourages him to make the right choices. The strength of the bond of friendship between two people can vary. If the bond is very strong, they are called best friends. This can usually be achieved by possessing the elements of friendship, by being kind, generous, loyal, honest and by having fun. There are expectations, demands, and complaints in friendship too. Friends can help one materialistically and morally. But if they don't match with one's expectations, it does not mean one will break the friendship. Friendship is both good and necessary. Friends are needed for support and for sharing. Friendship means closeness without any selfish motive. But true friendship is rarely seen. Growing true friendship depends upon selection of a friend. Best test of friendship is adversity. Prosperity brings friends but adversity tries them. But a true friend does not leave his friend in any situation. He is ready even to die for him. (Words : 216)

eÜzZ¡

eÜz n‡”Q GKRb †jvK/e¨w³ hv‡K Ab¨ GKRb Rv‡b/†P‡b A_ev cQ›` K‡i| †h mg¯@ †jvK eÜz Zviv G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges GKmv‡_ mgq KvUvq| Zviv G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨I K‡i hLb Zviv wec‡` c‡o ev AvnZ nq| A‡bK mgq gvbyl Zv‡`i †MvcbxqZv gv evevi Kv‡Q ej‡Z cv‡i bv, hv Zviv Zv‡`i eÜz‡`i Kv‡Q e‡j| GKRb eÜz †m, †h GKRb †jv‡Ki `¶Zvi cÖksmv K‡i Ges mwVK cQ›` Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ ev Drmvn †`q| `yBRb †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ eÜz‡Z¡i e܇bi kw³gËv wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| eÜb hw` Lye `„p nq Zv‡`i‡K me‡P‡q fv‡jv eÜz ejv nq| GUv mPivPi eÜz‡Z¡i Dcv`vbmg–‡ni AwaKvi, `qvjy, DcKvix, AbyMZ, mr nIqv Ges gRv Kivi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv hvq| eÜz‡Z¡i gv‡S AvKv¸¶v, Pvwn`v Ges Awf‡hvMI Av‡Q/_v‡K| eÜziv Ab¨‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e I ˆbwZKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hw` †mMy‡jv Zv‡`i Avkvbyiƒc bv nq Zvn‡j GUvi A_© GB bq †h eÜzZ¡ †f‡½ hv‡e| eÜzZ¡ fv‡jv Ges DcKvix DfqB| gvbyl GKvKx evm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †m mvgvwRK Rxe| Zvi Avb›` I †e`bvi fvMvfvwMi Rb¨ KvD‡K cÖ‡qvRb| mg_©b I myL `ytL fvMvfvwMi Rb¨ eÜz‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb| eÜzZ¡ ej‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi ¯^v_©ci D‡Ïk¨wenxb ˆbKU¨ eySvq| wKš‘ mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜzZ¡ K`vwPr †`Lv hvq| eÜz wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g mwVK eÜzZ¡ MVb wbf©i K‡i| `y`©kv eÜz‡Z¡i me‡P‡q fv‡jv cix¶v| mg„w× eÜz Av‡b wKš‘ `y`©kv Zv‡`i cix¶v K‡i| wKš‘ GKRb mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜz †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB Zvi eÜz‡K Z¨vM K‡i bv| †m Zvi Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z|

The River Buriganga

The Buriganga is a famous river flowing by Dhaka, the capital city of the country. This river had a glorious past. It was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the Dhaleshwari. Gradually it lost its link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marveled at its tide level and founded their provincial capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610. Once the river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce. Later Jahangirnagar grew into a heavily populated city under its new name 'Dhaka'. Now the Buriganga is a polluted and dying river. Huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from mills and factories, hospitals and residential buildings are dumped into its water everyday. The situation is so disastrous that it seems we have killed one of our rivers. Steps must be taken to save our other rivers from such death. Otherwise we shall have to cry for our other rivers as we do for our beloved Buriganga. (Words : 168)

eywoM½v b`x

eywoM½v GKwU weL¨vZ b`x hv †`‡ki ivRavbx kni XvKvi cvk w`‡q e‡q wM‡q‡Q| GB b`xi i‡q‡Q PgrKvi AZxZ| GK mgq GwU cÖgËv M½vi kvLvb`x wQj Ges a‡jk¦ix b`xi gva¨‡g e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖevwnZ n‡Zv| ax‡i ax‡i GwU M½v b`xi mv‡_ ms‡hvM nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges eywoM½v bvg aviY K‡i| gyNjiv eywoM½vi †Rvqvi fvUvi D”PZvq wew¯§Z nb Ges 1610 mv‡j Rvnv½xibM‡i Zv‡`i cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| GKmgq b`xwU Lvevi cvwb mieivn Ges e¨emv evwY‡R¨ mnvqZv KiZ| cieZ©x‡Z Rvnv½xibMi ÔXvKvÕ bvg aviY K‡i Ges gvÎvwZwi³ Rbeûj kn‡i cwiYZ nq| eZ©gv‡b eywoM½v GKwU `–wlZ Ges g„ZcÖvq b`x| wecyj cwigvY welv³ c`v_©, KjKviLvbv, nvmcvZvj Ges emZevwoi eR©¨ G‡Z †djv nq| Ae¯’v GZUvB fqsKi †hb Avgiv Avgv‡`i GKwU b`x‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQ| G ai‡bi g„Zz¨i nvZ †_‡K Avgv‡`i Ab¨ b`xMy‡jv‡K euvPv‡Z Aek¨B c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Avgv‡`i Ab¨ b`xmg–‡ni Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Kuv`‡Z n‡e †hgbUv Kuvw` Avgv‡`i eywoM½vi Rb¨|

The Hakaluki Haor

Bangladesh is full of waterbodies like rivers, canals, beels and haors. Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of the country. It is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The haor falls under two districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Surrounding the haor, about 190,000 people live. The haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Fishes like Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are found here. The beels in the haor provide winter shelter for mother fisheries. Now due to sand deposits, dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants, many of those beels have lost their capacity to provide such shelter. The haor is a very important resting place for migratory birds. Unfortunately, illegal poaching has been a threat to the bird population. Hakaluki Haor is also known as a good grazing land for domestic animals in winter. The haor system provides economic and non-economic benefits to the people. These benefits include fish and rice production, duck, cattle and buffalo rearing, collection of reeds, grasses, aquatic and other plants. Its unique system adds to the beauty of the landscape both during the monsoon and other seasons. Its beauty and economic importance can attract a large number of tourists. (Words : 208)

 

nvKvjywK nvIi

evsjv‡`k b`x-bvjv, Lvj, wej Ges nvI‡ii g‡Zv wewfbœ Rjvk‡q c–Y©| nvKvjywK nvIi †`‡ki Ab¨Zg GKwU cÖavb Rjvkq| GwU 238wUiI †ewk ci¯•i mgš^qKvix wej I Rjgn‡ji mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU RwUj ev¯@e¨we`¨v| nvIiwU †gŠjfxevRvi I wm‡jU †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| GB nvIi‡K wN‡i cÖvq 1,90,000 gvbyl evm K‡i| nvIiwU evsjv‡`‡ki grm¨ m¤•‡`i Rb¨ GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Drm| GLv‡b KvwjevDm, †evqvj, i“B, NvMU, cve`v Ges Pvwcjvi g‡Zv gvQ cvIqv hvq| nvI‡ii wejMy‡jv kxZKv‡j gv grm¨‡`i Rb¨ AvkÖ‡qi †hvMvb †`q| GLb evwji ¯@i, gvQ aivi Rb¨ cvwb kyKv‡bvi †KŠkj Ges RjR Dw™¢‡`i Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y, GB mg¯@ A‡bK wej GB AvkÖq †hvMv‡bi ¶gZv nvwi‡q‡Q| AwZw_ cvwL‡`i Rb¨ nvIiwU Lye Myi“Z¡c–Y© wekÖv‡gi RvqMv| `yf©vM¨ekZ, A‰ea cvwL wkKvi cvwLi msL¨vi Rb¨ ûgwK n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| kxZKv‡j Mevw` ckyi wePi‡Yi Rb¨ nvKvjywK nvIi cwiwPZ| GB nvIi gvby‡li Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK I A-A_©‰bwZK myweav †`q| Gme myweavi g‡a¨ Av‡Q gvQ I avb Drcv`b, nuvm, Mi“-QvMj I gwnl Piv‡bv, bjLvMov, Nvm, RjR I Ab¨vb¨ Dw™¢‡`i mgvnvi| G †gŠwjK cÖK…wZ el©v Ges Ab¨vb¨ FZz‡Z PZz®•v‡k¦©i †mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i| Gi †mŠ›`h© Ges A_©‰bwZK Myi“Z¡ eû msL¨K ch©UK‡`i AvK…ó Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Kuakata

Kuakata is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. It is locally known as 'sagar kannya' that means the daughter of the sea. It is in Latachapli union under Kalapara police station of Patuakhali district. Kuakata is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It is an attractive tourist spot having an excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky, the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and an evergreen forest. According to the legend, the Rakhaines expelled from Arakan by the Mughal invaders settled there. They dug a 'kua' or well on the seashore that gave birth to the name of the place. A visitor can enjoy both the sunrise and the sunset from Kuakata beach. It is one of the world's most attractive beaches. It is also a sanctuary for migratory birds. Kuakata is called a 'virgin beach'. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and Buddhist temples are cultural heritage of the area. Besides, Kuakata is a holy land for the Hindus and the Buddhists. Many century-old Buddhist temples adorn the place. Each year thousands of devotees come here to attend, take holy bath and enjoy the festivals called Rash Purnima and Maghi Purnima. (Words : 210)

KzqvKvUv

KzqvKvUv, evsjv‡`‡ki me©`w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z GKwU AmvaviY ˆbmwM©K †kvfvgwÊZ RvqMv| ¯’vbxqfv‡e GwU ÔmvMi Kb¨vÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ hvi A_© mvM‡ii †g‡q| GwU cUzqvLvwj †Rjvi Kjvcvov _vbvi jZvPvcvwj BDwbq‡bi Aš@M©Z| KzqvKvUvi ˆ`N©¨ cÖvq 30 wK.wg. Ges cÖ¯’ cÖvq 6 wK.wg.| wPÎer cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, evjyKvgq ˆmKZ, bxj AvKvk, e‡½vcmvM‡ii wSwKwgwK Rjivwk we¯@vi Ges wPimeyR ebv‡ji GK PgrKvi wgkÖ‡Y KzqvKvUv GKwU AvKl©Yxq ch©Ub ¯’vb| †jvKKvwnbx g‡Z gyNj AvµgYKvix‡`i Øviv weZvwoZ AvivKv‡bi ivLvBbiv GLv‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| Zviv mgy`ªZx‡i GKwU Kzqv Lbb K‡i hv GB RvqMvi bv‡gi Rš§ †`q| KzqvKvUv ˆmKZ †_‡K GKRb `k©bv_©x m–‡h©v`q Ges m–h©v¯@ `ywUB Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU c„w_exi Ab¨Zg GKwU AvKl©Yxq ˆmKZ| GwU AwZw_ cvwL‡`i GKwU AvkÖq¯’jI| KzqvKvUv‡K ÔKzgvix ˆmKZÕ ejv nq| ivLvBb m¤•Ö`v‡qi wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ Ges †eŠ× gw›`iMy‡jv GB GjvKvi mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨| cvkvcvwk wn›`y Ges †eŠ×‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cweÎ f‚wg| A‡bK kZ‡Ki cyivZb †eŠ× gw›`iMy‡jv RvqMvwU‡K Aj¼…Z K‡i‡Q| cÖwZeQi nvRvi nvRvi f³ GLv‡b Av‡m, cyY¨øvb K‡i Ges ivkc–wY©gv Ges gvNx c–wY©gvi Drme Dc‡fvM K‡i|

Beauty

Beauty is an abstract idea which creates a great pleasure to the senses or to the mind of a person. In fact it is a feeling which pacifies one's mind and it varies from person to person. We find beauty in many things around us. Beauty is found in nature, in human character, in the kindness of a person, in the laughter of children etc. When we look at nature, we can enjoy natural beauty of mountain, sea, river, forests etc. The laughter of children, a great human character, the kindness of a person etc. create a feeling of pleasure to us. Everyone desires beauty throughout his/her whole life but there are no unmixed blessings in the world. Whenever we face any kind of ugliness, we strongly desire for beauty. Beauty is an important part of our life but we have to remember that ugliness is also a part of our life. People extensively feel the importance of beauty when it is absent from their life. When we see hunger, injustice, maltreatment, terrorism in our society, we seriously think of how to remove these evil things. The absence of beauty reveals its importance to a great extent. Beauty and truth are very closely related. Beauty is really desired by the people who always search for truth. (Words : 216)

†mŠ›`h©

†mŠ›`h© n‡”Q GKwU weg–Z© aviYv hv gvby‡li Abyf‚wZ‡Z ev g‡b Avb‡›`i D‡`ªK K‡i| Avm‡j GwU GKwU Abyf‚wZ hv GKR‡bi g‡b kvwš@ †`q Ges GwU gvbyl‡f‡` wewfbœ nq| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki A‡bK wRwb‡mi g‡a¨B Avgiv †mŠ›`h© Lyu‡R cvB| cÖK…wZ, gvby‡li PwiÎ, GKRb e¨w³i `qvkxjZv, ev”Pv‡`i nvwm BZ¨vw`‡Z Avgiv †mŠ›`h© Lyu‡R cvB| Avgiv hLb cÖK…wZi w`‡K ZvKvB, ZLb cvnvo, mgy`ª, b`x, eb BZ¨vw`i ¯^vfvweK †mŠ›`h© Avgiv Dc‡fvM Kwi| ev”Pv‡`i nvwm, GKwU gnvb gvbe PwiÎ, GKRb gvby‡li `qvkxjZv BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i g‡b GKwU fv‡jvjvMvi Abyf‚wZ ˆZwi K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zvi RxebRy‡o †mŠ›`‡h©i Avkv K‡i wKš‘ c„w_ex‡Z AwewgkÖ Avkxe©v` e‡j wKQy †bB| hLbB Avgiv KzrwmZ wKQyi m¤§yLxb nB, ZLbB Avgiv †Rviv‡jvfv‡e my›`‡ii Kvgbv K‡i _vwK| †mŠ›`h© Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Ask wKš‘ Avgv‡`i g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h KzrwmZ wKQyI Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Ask| gvbyl e¨vcKfv‡e †mŠ›`‡h©i Myi“Z¡ Abyfe K‡i hLb GwU Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Abycw¯’Z _v‡K| hLb Avgiv Avgv‡`i mgv‡R ¶zav, Ab¨vq, Am`vPiY, mš¿vm †`wL, ZLb Avgiv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B GMy‡jv †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq LyuR‡Z _vwK| †mŠ›`‡h©i Abycw¯’wZB Gi Myi“Z

The Sundarbans and the Royal Bengal Tiger

The Sundarbans is a vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India, across the coastline of the Bay of Bengal. The forest is famous as a habitat of our national beast Royal Bengal Tiger. But it is an alarming news that 71% of the forest's coastline is retreating by nearly 200 meters a year as a result of soil erosion. If it continues, tigers' existence will be at stake. The causes of this erosion are increasing storm, surges and other extreme natural events, rises in sea-level and increased salinity that makes mangroves vulnerable. This rapid retreating of coastline cannot be accounted by the regular dynamics of the Sundarbans. Thus the forest is now a critical tiger habitat. The forest is known for vanishing islands but the scientists said the current retreat of the mangrove forests on the coastline is not normal. As human development thrives, and global temperature continues to rise, natural protection from tidal waves and cyclones are lessening at an alarming rate. This will inevitably lead to species loss in this richly biodiverse part of the world. It is one of the few forests that can hold several hundred tigers. So it is now vitally necessary to save this forest for saving the majestic Bengal Tigers from extinction. (Words : 210)

my›`ieb Ges i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi

e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKvq Aew¯’Z, evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ fvMvfvwM nIqv my›`ieb GK we¯@xY© DògÊjxq ebvÂj| Avgv‡`i RvZxq cky iq¨vj †e½j UvBMv‡ii Avevm¯’‡ji Kvi‡Y GB ebwU weL¨vZ| wKš‘ GUv GKUv mZK©evZ©v †h f‚wga‡mi Kvi‡Y ebv‡ji DcK‚j †iLvi 71% cÖwZeQi cÖvq 200 wgUvi wcwQ‡q hv‡”Q| GUv hw` n‡ZB _v‡K Zvn‡j ev‡Ni Aw¯@Z¡ wecbœ n‡e| GB ¶qmva‡bi KviYMy‡jvi g‡a¨ So-R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi ewa©Z msNUb, Ab¨vb¨ PiggvÎvq cÖvK…wZK NUbv, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× Ges ewa©Z jeYv³Zv Ab¨Zg hv DògÊjxq ebf‚wgi Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| my›`ie‡bi wbqwgZ MwZgqZv Øviv `ª“Z ¶xqgvb DcK‚j †iLvi e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv| Gfv‡e eZ©gv‡b GB ebvÂjwU‡Z ev‡Ni emevm cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb n‡q c‡o‡Q| ebwU wejxqgvb Øx‡ci Rb¨ cwiwPZ wKš‘ weÁvbxiv e‡jb †h mgy`ª ˆmK‡Z g¨vb‡MÖvf ebwUi cÐveb ¯^vfvweK bq| gvbweK Dbœqb Ges ˆewk¦K ZvcgvÎv µgvMZ evovq †Rvqvi-fvUv I So-SÄv †_‡K cÖwZi¶v Avk¼vRbK nv‡i Kg‡Q| GUv we‡k¦i GB mg„× ˆRe‰ewP‡Î¨i A‡j Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c cÖRvwZi wejywß NUv‡e| GB ebvÂjwU K‡qKwU e‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU †hLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi kZ kZ evN‡K msi¶Y Kiv hvq| †MŠievwš^Z evsjvi evN‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ GB ebvÂj‡K i¶v Kiv AZ¨vek¨Kxq|

 

Human Rights

Human rights are the rights that are inherent in all human beings in spite of their different identities. The basic or fundamental rights include human's social rights, civil rights, political rights, cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights etc. Everyone has the right to keep one's privacy, honour, nationality, family, freedom of thought and expression, association, and suffrage. Each and every country of the world adopts obligations and duties to protect and fulfill its human rights. People all over the world struggle for establishing fundamental human rights. But unfortunately people are yet to overcome the barriers to human rights. Bangladesh emerged as an independent state as a result of a fight against violation of human rights by the Pakistanis in different ways. In spite of having enough potential for progress and prosperity, our country is still fighting against humiliating poverty and illiteracy. These two are perhaps the most powerful enemies of human rights. As a result, most of the people are unable to speak and think freely. It is essential that people need freedom to exercise their rights. But in our country they are often neglected by the established politics and socio-economic activities. Yet, there is ample scope for improvement in the status of human rights. (Words : 205)

gvbevwaKvi

wewfbœ cwiwPwZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I mg¯@ gvbeRvwZi Aš@wb©wnZ AwaKviB gvbevwaKvi| gvby‡li mvgvwRK AwaKvi, bvMwiK AwaKvi, ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi, mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi, agx©q AwaKvi Ges A_©‰bwZK AwaKvi BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK gvbevwaKv‡ii Aš@fz©³| cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Zvi e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZv, m¤§vb, RvZxqZv, cwievi, wPš@v I gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, msN Ges †fvUvwaKvi i¶vi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i cÖ‡Z¨KwU †`‡kiB Zvi gvbevwaKvi cvjb I i¶v Kivi eva¨evaKZv I KZ©e¨ i‡q‡Q| mviv we‡k¦i gvbyl †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi i¶vq msMÖvg Ki‡Q| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ekZ RbMY GLbI gvbevwaKv‡ii evavmg–n AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cvwK¯@vbx‡`i wewfbœfv‡e gvbevwaKvi jsN‡bi wei“‡× msMÖvg/ hy× K‡i evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb ivó« wn‡m‡e Avwef‚Z© n‡q‡Q| DbœwZ I Dbœq‡bi h‡_ó m¤¢vebv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgv‡`i †`k GLbI AegvbbvKi `vwi`ª¨ I wbi¶iZvi wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Q| GB `yBwU gvbevwaKv‡ii m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q kw³ai kΓ| d‡j, AwaKvsk gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e K_v ej‡Z I wPš@v Ki‡Z Amg_©| GUv Acwinvh© †h AwaKvi Av`v‡q gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖwZwôZ ivRbxwZ I Av_©-mvgvwRK Kg©KvÛ Øviv Zviv cÖvqB Ae‡nwjZ| Zv m‡Ë¡I, gvbevwaKv‡ii Ae¯’vi Dbœq‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM Av‡Q|

Gazi Pir

Gazi Pir is a legendary or mythic character. According to legend, he was a Muslim saint who helped the spread of Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sundarbans. He is said to have done many miracles. People believe he could calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a terrifying Bengal Tiger, while holding a snake in his hand. Some stories tell us that he also fought crocodiles that threatened the people of a region full of canals and creeks. That place was, in fact, a watery jungle. People also believe that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and jungles and to cultivate their lands. Wild animals feared him. People of those areas prayed to him for protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature and indigenous culture. Some Gazir Paat collections are also kept in the British Museum. (Words : 157)

MvRx cxi

MvRx cxi GKRb KvíwbK A_ev †cŠivwYK PwiÎ| †jvKKvwnbx Abymv‡i, wZwb GKRb gymwjg mvaK wQ‡jb whwb my›`ie‡bi wbKUeZ©x evsjvi Askmg–‡n Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖmv‡i mnvqZv K‡ib| ejv n‡q _v‡K †h wZwb A‡bK A‡jŠwKK NUbv NwU‡q‡Qb| gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i †h wZwb wec¾bK cÖvYx kvš@ Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i ek Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zv‡K mvaviYZ cvU A_ev ¯Œj †cBw›U‡O AuvKv nq whwb GKwU wnsmª ev‡Ni wc‡V P‡o Ges nv‡Z GKwU mvc a‡i _v‡Kb| wKQy Mí Abymv‡i, wZwb Kzwg‡ii mv‡_I hy× Ki‡Zb hv Lvj-we‡j fiv GKwU A‡ji gvby‡li Rb¨ f‡qi KviY wQj| RvqMvwU wQj cvwbgq R½j| gvbyl Av‡iv wek¦vm K‡i †h wZwb gvbyl‡K ebR½‡ji wbK‡U evm Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i Rwg Pvl Ki‡Z wkwL‡q‡Qb| eb¨ cÖvYx Zv‡K fq †cZ| H A‡ji RbMY mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Zvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv KiZ| MvRx cx‡ii Mí †jvK mvwnZ¨ Ges †`kxq mvwn‡Z¨ msi¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQy MvRxi cvU weªwUk Rv`yN‡iI ivLv Av‡Q|

Hercules

Hercules is a famous character of antique Greek mythology. He was the son of Jupiter, the king of gods, and Alcmena. He was assigned with some difficult tasks by Eurystheus, the king of Mycenae and his cousin. Those tasks are known as the 'twelve labours of Hercules' in Greek mythology. Eurystheus ordered Hercules to slay a lion and bring him his skin, which disturbed the village of Nemea. Hercules at first fought the lion with weapons but failed and then slayed it just with his hands. His next task was to slay a monster called Hydra. Hydra had nine heads, one of which was immortal. When Hercules attempted to struck off its heads, two new ones erupted. With the help of his servant Iolaus, Hercules succeeded in burning eight heads of Hydra and he managed to bury the immortal head under a rock. Hercules became successful in his missions one after another and became a world-famous hero. (Words : 157)

nviwKDwjm

nviwKDwjm n‡”Q cÖvPxb MÖxK cyiv‡Yi GKwU weL¨vZ PwiÎ| wZwb wQ‡jb †`eZv‡`i ivRv RywcUvi Ges AvjKwgbvi cyÎ| gvBwmwbi ivRv BDwimw_Dqvm Ges Zvi PvPvZ fvB Zv‡K wKQy KwVb KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ KiZ| MÖxK cyiv‡Y Gme KvR ÔnviwKDwj‡mi ev‡ivwU kÖgÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| BDwimw_Dqvm nviwKDwjm‡K Av‡`k K‡iwQj GKwU wmsn‡K ea K‡i Zvi Pvgov wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ hv wbwgqv MÖv‡gi Awaevmx‡`i wei³ KiwQj| nviwKDwjm cÖ_‡g wms‡ni mv‡_ A¯¿ wb‡q hy× K‡iwQj wKš‘ e¨_© nj, c‡i GwU‡K Zvi nvZ w`‡q nZ¨v K‡iwQj| Zvi cieZ©x KvR wQj nvBWªv bvgK ˆ`Z¨‡K nZ¨v Kiv| nvBWªvi wQj bqwU gv_v, hvi GKwU wQj AgiYkxj| nviwKDwjm hLb Zvi gv_vq AvNvZ Kivi †Póv K‡i, Zvi `yBwU bZzb gv_v MRvq| Zvi f…Z¨ B‡qvjv‡mi mn‡hvwMZvq nviwKDwjm nvBWªvi AvUwU gv_v cywo‡q †dj‡Z Ges AgiYkxj gv_vwU GKwU cvnv‡o cyuZ‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj| nviwKDwjm Zvi wgk‡b G‡Ki ci GK mdjZv jvf K‡i c„w_exi GKRb weL¨vZ exicyi“l nIqvi L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|

Dream

Philosophers have been fascinated with dreams for thousands of years, but empirical research and scientific study on it has begun only in recent times. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or vague; it can be either joyful or frightening; and also can be understandable or confusing. Yet the researchers do not understand the purpose of dreams. The psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, when our aggressive and sexual instincts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. So dreams are disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes. Some researchers also think that dreams are not meaningless rather the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas during dreams. One theory suggests dreams to be the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. Some theorists think dreams refresh the mind and according to some others, they function as a form of psychotherapy. 'Dream' has also other meanings. The great Romantic poet William Wordsworth regarded poets to be dreamers. Poets give voice to what we desire to achieve. They write about the dreams of lovers, men of action, patriots, social reformers and workers. The great leaders were also dreamers as they dreamt for human emancipation. (Words : 214)

¯^cœ

¯^cœ nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i `vk©wbK‡`i cÖejfv‡e AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q wKš‘ mv¤•ÖwZK mg‡q Gi Dci ev¯@weK Ges ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYv kyi“ n‡q‡Q| ¯^cœ AmvaviYfv‡e ¯•ó n‡Z cv‡i wKsev LyeB A¯•ó n‡Z cv‡i; Avb›``vqK Av‡eM ev fxwZKi cÖwZ”Qwe‡Z c–Y© n‡Z cv‡i; †K›`ªxf‚Z I †evaMg¨ ev Acwi®‹vi I wØavMÖ¯@ n‡Z cv‡i| Z_vwc, M‡el‡Kiv GL‡bv ¯^‡cœi D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| g‡bvwe‡kÐlK wmMgÛ d«‡q‡Wi ZË¡ Abyhvqx ¯^cœ nj Ae‡PZb g‡bi B”Qv, fvebv I †cÖlYvi iƒcvqY| d«‡qW-Gi g‡Z, hLb gvby‡li AvMÖvmx Ges †hŠb cÖe„wËMy‡jv m‡PZbfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq bv, GMy‡jv ¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i m‡PZbZvq Zv‡`i c_ Lyu‡R †bq| myZivs ¯^cœ nj Ae`wgZ B”QvMy‡jvi cwic–Y©Zv| wKQy M‡elK g‡b K‡ib ¯^cœ A_©nxb bq eis ¯^cœ †`Lvi mgq gvbwmK †evakw³ weKv‡ki Dcv`vbMy‡jv Avgv‡`i gw¯@‡®‹ bZzb aviYvi Rš§ †`q| GKwU ZË¡ Abyhvqx ¯^cœ nj Ny‡gi mgq Avgv‡`i gw¯@‡®‹i evwn¨K DÏxcbv‡K iƒc`v‡bi †Póvi dj| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ZvwË¡‡Kiv g‡b K‡ib ¯^cœ gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, GMy‡jv gvbwmK †iv‡Mi cÖwZKvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| Ô¯^‡cœiÕ Ab¨ A_©I Av‡Q| gnvb †ivg¨vw›UK Kwe DBwjqvg IqvW&m&Iqv_© Kwe‡`i ¯^vwcœK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb| hv Avgiv AR©b Kivi B‡”Q †cvlY Kwi, Zv‡K Kweiv fvlvq cÖKvk K‡ib| Zviv †cÖwgK, Kg©x, †`k‡cÖwgK, mgvR-ms¯‹viK Ges kÖwgK‡`i ¯^cœ wb‡q wj‡Lb| gnvb †bZvivI ¯^cœ`ªóv KviY Zviv gvbe-gyw³i Rb¨ ¯^cœ †`‡L‡Qb|

Diaspora

The word 'diaspora' means those people who have left their homelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to leave their homeland or they liked to live in their own way. The word is used for a collective group or a community. The world has seen many great diasporas. Among those, the Jewish people are historically notable, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. The Aryans who moved from the central Europe to the Indian subcontinent is another important diaspora in history. But the causes of this diaspora are unknown. The Palestinian diaspora attracted a lot of interests in the last century. They are a cause of concern for the world leaders due to their plight. War or the ravages of nature have created a massive African diaspora, too. But the major cause of so much concerns of diaspora in the modern world is globalization. (Words: 154)

Awfevmx

Awfevmx ej‡Z H mg¯@ †jvK‡`i‡K †evSvq hviv wb‡R‡`i gvZ…f‚wg †Q‡o c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖv‡š@ emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i, †nvK †mUv Zv‡`i‡K †Rvic–e©K †`kZ¨v‡M eva¨ Kiv A_ev †¯^”Qvq wb‡R‡`i cQ›`g‡Zv RvqMv †e‡Q †bIqv| Awfevmx kãwU †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó m¤•Ö`vq ev †Kv‡bv †kÖYxi mgwó‡K †evSvq| GB kãwU A‡bK eo Awfevmx‡`i †¶‡Î †`Lv †M‡Q| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ HwZnvwmKfv‡e Bûw` Rb‡Mvôx D‡jÐL‡hvM¨ hv‡`i‡K cÖvPxbKv‡j Zv‡`i wbR f‚wg Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| BwZnv‡m Av‡iv GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Awfevmx n‡”Q Avh© m¤•Ö`vq hviv ga¨ BD‡ivc †_‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡iwQj| wKš‘ GB Awfevmx‡`i AvMg‡Yi KviY GL‡bv ARvbv| MZ kZvãx‡Z wdwjw¯@bx Awfevmxiv A‡b‡Ki bRi †K‡owQj| wdwjw¯@bx‡`i `ytL `y`©kv wek¦‡bZv‡`i D‡Ø‡Mi KviY n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| hy× A_ev cÖK…wZi ZvÊe Avwd«Kv‡ZI e¨vcK Awfevmxi Rš§ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ AvaywbK we‡k¦ Awfevm‡bi me‡P‡q eo KviY n‡”Q wek¦vqb|

 

Conflict

Conflict means a disagreement among groups or individuals characterized by antagonism and hostility. It is mainly caused by the opposition of one party to another, and it comes as a result of one party's attempt to reach an objective different from the other party's goal. Conflict is an inevitable part of life, as all of us possess our own opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. We have our own ways of thinking and we act accordingly. As a result, we find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios with other individuals or groups of people. Then conflict influences our actions and decisions. A clash of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience; so conflict comes naturally. It can be seen as an opportunity for learning and understanding our differences. Again, conflict in the human world may concern either economy or value or power. It can be interpersonal or intrapersonal, intergroup or intragroup. Interpersonal conflict means a conflict between two persons. Intrapersonal conflict occurs within an individual and takes place in a person's mind. Intragroup conflict happens among individuals within a team. And intergroup conflict is seen among teams within an organization. We can all live in harmony despite conflicts if we know how to manage these issues. (Words : 209)

Ø›Ø

Ø›Ø ej‡Z kΓZv Ges ˆewiZv Øviv m„ó `jxq gZcv_©K¨ A_ev e¨w³MZ we‡ivwaZv‡K †evSvq| Gi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GK`j †_‡K wfbœ GKwU D‡Ïk¨ ev¯@evq‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv `‡ji Ab¨ `‡ji cÖwZ we‡ivwaZvi dj| Ø›Ø Rxe‡bi GK Acwinvh© Ask, †Kbbv Avgv‡`i mK‡jiB wbR¯^ gZvgZ, aviYv Ges wek¦vm i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i wPš@vi wbR¯^Zv i‡q‡Q Ges Avgiv †mfv‡eB KvR Kwi| Gi d‡j Avgiv wb‡R‡`i‡K wewfbœ †¶‡Î Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³eM© A_ev †Mvôxi mv‡_ ؇›Ø Rwo‡q †dwj| ZLb Ø›Ø Avgv‡`i wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ I wm×vš@mg–‡ni Dci cÖfve †d‡j| wPš@v Ges †PZbvi msNvZ gvby‡li AwfÁZvi GKwU Ask| myZivs Ø›Ø Av‡m cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB| Avgv‡`i gZcv_©K¨ †evSvi Ges fzj †_‡K wk¶v †bIqvi †¶‡Î ؛؇K GKwU my‡hvM wn‡m‡e †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi A_©bxwZ, g–j¨‡eva I ¶gZvi †¶‡Î gvbewe‡k¦ Ø›Ø GKwU D‡Ø‡Mi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| cvi¯•wiK, e¨w³MZ, Aš@`©jxq A_ev Avš@t`jxq Ø›Ø n‡Z cv‡i| Avš@:e¨w³MZ Ø›Ø ej‡Z `yÕRb gvby‡li ga¨Kvi ؛؇K †evSvq| e¨w³MZ Ø›Ø N‡U e¨w³i g‡a¨ Ges e¨w³i g‡bvRM‡Z| `jxq †Kv›`j †`Lv †`q GKwU `‡ji GKvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨, Avi Avš@:`jxq †Kv›`j N‡U GKwU ms¯’vq Kg©iZ GKvwaK `‡ji g‡a¨| ؇›Øi welqMy‡jv‡K Kxfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z nq Zv hw` Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j Ø›Ø-msNvZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgiv mevB kvwš@‡Z evm Ki‡Z cvwi|

Importance of Global Peace

The issue of war and peace has always been a focal issue in all periods of history of the world. Today establishment of peace in the world is one of the major challenges for the world leaders. Peace doesn't only refer to the end of war, rather it is more than that. It is, a condition characterized by peaceful, cooperative and harmonious conduct of the global nations with a view to secure an all round sustainable development of the people of the world. To make our all the development efforts successful there is no alternative to establish peace in the world. Peace is necessary to ensure human rights around the world. We cannot think of a better life, better international relationship and better world without peace. War or conflict has nothing good in them. They only bring destructions. They create a sense of insecurity to live on the earth. Establishment of peace will remove hostility among powerful countries of the world. The modern age has seen different peace movements that have goals including advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, demonstrations, peace camps, supporting anti-war politicians and peace activists, etc. We should remember that we are not for the world, but the world is for us. So it is important for us to establish peace around us to exist. (Words : 217)

kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb

kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb n‡”Q GKwU mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb| †Kv‡bv we‡kl hy‡×i cwimgvwßKiY (A_ev me hy×), Avš@tAvYweK msNvZ n«vm Ges wek¦ kvwš@ AR©bB n‡”Q kvwš@ Av‡›`vj‡bi g–j j¶¨| GwU n‡”Q cy‡ivcywifv‡e GKwU hy× we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, GwU‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e Ggb GKwU wek¦vm Øviv wPwýZ Kiv nq †h, gvby‡li G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ hy‡× wjß nIqv A_ev fvlv, RvwZ, cÖvK…wZK m¤•`, ag© A_ev fvev`k©MZ mwnsm msNv‡Z Rwo‡q cov DwPZ bq| kvwš@ Av‡›`vj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b kvwš@ev‡`i c¶cvwZZ¡, Awnsm cÖwZeÜKZv, we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b, kvwš@ wkwei, hy×we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK cÖv_©x‡`i mg_©b, Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wbwl×KiY, kvwš@ Kvh©µ‡g mg_©b BZ¨vw` Aš@fz©³ Kiv nq| hw`I kvwš@ Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ ms¯’vmg–‡ni wewfbœ j¶¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i Z_vwc Zv‡`i mevi GKwU mvaviY j¶¨ n‡”Q kvwš@i ¯’vwqZ¡| kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb wec¾bK cÖhyw³mg–‡ni ea©b Ges e¨vcK aŸsmvÍK A‡¯¿iI we‡ivwaZv K‡i, we‡kl K‡i cvigvYweK A‡¯¿i| Gfv‡e wnsmv I we‡Ølgy³ c„w_ex cÖwZôv KivB Gi D‡Ïk¨| me©cÖ_g kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb nq 1815-1816 mv‡j| gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó« GiKg cÖ_g Av‡›`vjb wQj 1815 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ wbDBqK© cxm& †mvmvBwU| eû †`‡k kvwš@Kvgx ms¯’v ¯’vwcZ nq| kvwš@i¶v I we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ Ø›Ø wbim‡bi cÖv_wgK j¶¨ wb‡q RvwZmsN cÖwZôv Kiv nq| ZLb †_‡K eû RvwZi g‡a¨ eû Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡q‡Q, †hgbÑ cvigvYweK A¯¿ we¯@vi †iva Pzw³| mK‡jB kvwš@ Pvq Ges Awnsmvi gZev` cQ›` K‡i|

The Recent Scientific Achievements

The Modern Age is the age of science. We have had a tremendous advancement in the field of science and technology in the last one and a half century. The first remarkable work was the invention of electricity. The first house was lighted with electricity in the 1870s. Cars were first available about a century ago. The first trans-Atlantic flight was made in 1927. After the Second World War, television came to the people's doors. Scientists have now focused their attention on the growth of human longevity. Dr. Barney Clark made the Jarvik-7 the first artificial heart in 1982. It was intended to last a lifetime and was a huge step towards the development of heart transplant surgery. Cell phones made their appearance in the 1990s. Now more than 4.6 billion people around the world use cell phones. Personal computer became available to consumers in 1974. It is now used to get access to the Internet, do word processing, use a calculator, watch TV, play games and do many other things. Communication satellites support techno-based contact among people. Man has also reached the Moon. The Internet and Microchip have revolutionized information technology. Thus human civilization has achieved a new height through scientific revolution. (Words : 203)

wek¦ kvwš@i Myi“Z¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

hy× I kvwš@i welq we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m me©Kv‡ji AMÖMY¨ welqe¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ kvwš@ cÖwZôv wek¦ †bZv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ| hy‡×i mgvw߇KB kvwš@ †evSvq bv, GwU Zvi †_‡KI AwaK| GwU, eis GKwU kZ© hv we‡k¦i Rbmvavi‡Yi mvwe©K Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ we‡k¦i RvwZMy‡jvi kvwš@c–Y©, mn‡hvwMZvc–Y© Ges HK¨e× AvPi‡Yi Øviv wPÎvwqZ| Avgv‡`i mKj Dbœqbg–jK cÖ‡Póv mdj Ki‡Z we‡k¦ kvwš@ ¯’vc‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| mgMÖ we‡k¦ gvbevwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z kvwš@ Ri“wi| kvwš@ Qvov Avgiv GKwU fvj Rxeb, fvj Avš@R©vwZK m¤•K©/†hvMv‡hvM Ges GKwU fvj c„w_ex wPš@v Ki‡Z cvwi bv| hy× ev ؇›Øi g‡a¨ fvj wKQy bvB| GMy‡jv kyaygvÎ aŸsm †W‡K Av‡b| we‡k¦ †eu‡P _vK‡Z GwU GK ai‡bi wbivcËvnxbZvi Abyf‚wZ m„wó K‡i| kvwš@ cÖwZôv we‡k¦i kw³kvjx/ DbœZ †`kMy‡jvi g‡a¨ ˆewiZv `–i Ki‡e| AvaywbK hyM wewfbœ kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb †`‡L‡Q †hMy‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q kvwš@ ¯’vc‡bi D‡`¨vM, Awnsm cÖwZ‡iva, wgwQj, kvwš@ K¨v¤•, hy×-we‡ivax ivRbxwZwe` I kvwš@ Kg©x‡`i mg_©b BZ¨vw` j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ Av‡›`vjb| Avgv‡`i g‡b ivLv DwPZ Avgiv we‡k¦i Rb¨ bq, wKš‘ wek¦ Avgv‡`i Rb¨| myZivs Avgv‡`i Aw¯@‡Z¡i Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k kvwš@ cÖwZôv Kiv Ri“wi|

Future Scientific Breakthroughs

Science seems to have limitless possibilities. It has already taken the civilization to a height with a huge number of inventions. It has blessed human life with automobiles, electricity, radio, TV, modern medicare, computer and information technology. As scientists are also dreamers, they always aim at new and newer achievements. A possible scientific invention is DNA computer, which will have vast memory and contain all the printed material of the world. Scientists, especially NASA, are thinking of making permanent base in the moon. They are also thinking for a technology of producing clean energy, which may include wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, hydropower, nuclear and biofuel energy. The doctors are dreaming of a remedy from life killing cancer and of high-tech nanomedicine. The astrophysicists want to travel to the Mars, and also there are dreamers who want to have a journey to the earth's centre. Man has been dreaming to go to the Earth's center since the 19th century. It shows how unpredictable technology can be. It is actually much more difficult than it sounds. Especially, the pressure there is enormous. There is not even carbon monotube there to maintain its shape at such pressure. But scientists are dreaming. Thus science shows the human species of a bright and glorious future. (Words : 210)

weÁv‡bi fwel¨r mvdj¨/AR©b

weÁv‡bi mxgvnxb m¤¢vebv Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq| e¨vcK msL¨K Avwe®‹v‡ii gva¨‡g GUv mf¨Zv‡K Lye D”PZvq wb‡q †M‡Q| GUv †gvUiMvwo, we`y¨r, †eZvi, wUwf, AvaywbK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, Kw¤•DUvi Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³ Øviv gvby‡li Rxeb‡K †mŠfvM¨kvjx K‡i‡Q| weÁvbxiv †h‡nZz ¯^cœ`ªóv, Zviv me©`v b–Zb I bZzbZ¡ AR©‡bi w`‡K j¶ iv‡L| DNA Kw¤•DUvi n‡”Q GKwU m¤¢ve¨ ˆeÁvwbK Avwe®‹vi hvi e¨vcK ¯§„wZkw³ _vK‡e Ges hv we‡k¦i mg¯@ gyw`ªZ mvgMÖx aviY Ki‡e| weÁvbxiv we‡klZ NASA, Puv‡` ¯’vqx wfwË ¯’vc‡bi wPš@v Ki‡Qb| Zviv cwi”Qbœ kw³ Drcv`‡bi cÖhyw³i K_vI wPš@v Ki‡Qb hv evZvm, †mŠi, f‚-Zvc NwUZ, †RvqvifvUv m¤^Üxq, cvwbkw³, AvYweK Ges ˆReR¡vjvbx kw³ Aš@fz©³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Wv³viMY cÖvYNvZx K¨vbmvi Gi cÖwZ‡laK Ges D”P cÖhyw³i b¨v‡bv †gwWwm‡bi ¯^cœ †`L‡Qb| †R¨vwZtc`v_©weÁvbxiv g½jMÖ‡n ågY Ki‡Z Pvb Ges AviI A‡bK ¯^cœwejvmx Av‡Qb hviv c„w_exi †K‡›`ª ågY Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| 19k kZK †_‡KB gvbyl c„w_exi †K‡›`ª hvIqvi ¯^cœ †`‡L Avm‡Q| G †_‡K †evSv hvq cÖhyw³ K‡ZvUv AwbwðZ n‡Z cv‡i| ev¯@‡e GwU †hgb g‡b nq Zvi †P‡q A‡bK KwVb| we‡kl K‡i †mLvbKvi Pvc cÖPzi| †mLv‡b G‡ZvUv Pvc mvgjv‡bvi Rb¨ GgbwK Kve©b g‡bvwUDeI †bB| wKš‘ weÁvbxiv ¯^cœ †`‡L hv‡”Qb| Gfv‡e weÁvb gvbeRvwZ‡K GKwU D¾¡j Ges †MŠiegq fwel¨‡Zi m¤¢vebv †`Lv‡”Q|

Folk Music

Folk music means that type of ancient music that springs from the heart of a community, based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by classical music or modern popular songs. A combination of folk song, folk dance and folk tune can be called folk music, for example– Baul songs. The rural folk compose folk music on the basis of ancient rules transmitted orally. Folk songs are composed and performed by illiterate or semi-literate people, either in groups or individually. It is a spontaneous expression in easy language, local dialect and simple tune. Bangladesh has a rich tradition of folk music. These songs tell about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Our folk music varies from region to region. They are classified into Bhawaiya, Bhatiyali, Baul, Murshidi, Marfati, Kabigan, Leto, Alkap, Gambhira etc. Folk songs have been written on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural life. Some song-writers have composed mystical songs using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Bhatiyali is an important genre of folk music in this riverine country. Tribes like Santal, Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripura, Marma etc. have their own folk music. All those forms of music have enriched our culture. (Words : 205)

†jvKm½xZ

†jvKmsMxZ n‡”Q †mB me ai‡bi cÖvPxb msMxZ hv GKwU m¤•Ö`v‡qi ü`q †_‡K DrmvwiZ, Awfe¨w³ cÖKv‡k hv wbR¯^ ai‡bi Dci cÖwZwôZ, aª“c`x msMxZ Ges AvaywbK RbwcÖq Mv‡bi ixwZi cÖfvegy³| †jvKMxwZ, †jvKb„Z¨ Ges †jvKmyi Gi mgš^q‡K †jvKmsMxZ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, D`vniY¯^iƒc evDj msMxZ| MÖvgxY RbZv †jvKmsMxZ iPbv K‡i cÖvPxb ixwZi Dci wfwË K‡i hv gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L P‡j G‡m‡Q| †jvKmsMxZ Awkw¶Z A_ev Aa©wkw¶Z †jvKRb KZ…©K `jMZfv‡e A_ev GKKfv‡e iwPZ Ges MvIqv nq| GwU mnR fvlv, AvÂwjK kã Ges mij my‡ii ¯^Ztù‚Z© cÖKvk| evsjv‡`‡k †jvKmsMx‡Zi mg„× HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q| GB MvbMy‡jv mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ Ges `vwi`ª¨, cvw_©K RMr Ges AwZcÖvK…Z welq wb‡qI iwPZ| Avgv‡`i †jvKmsMxZ AÂj‡f‡` wewfbœ nq| GMy‡jvi g‡a¨ fvIqvBqv, fvwUqvwj, evDj, gywk©`x, gvidwZ, KweMvb, †j‡Uv, AvjKvc, M¤¢xiv BZ¨vw` fvM i‡q‡Q| ms¯‹…wZ, Drme, Rxeb`k©b, cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, b`-b`x Ges MÖvg¨ Rxe‡bi Ici †jvKm½xZ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| wKQy MxwZKvi b`-b`x I †bŠKvi Dcgv e¨envi K‡i gigx m½xZ wj‡L‡Qb| G b`xgvZ…K †`‡k fvwUqvwj †jvKm½x‡Zi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© kvLv| muvIZvj, Mv‡iv, nvRs, PvKgv, gwYcywi, wÎcyiv, gvigv cÖf…wZ Avw`evmxMy‡jvi wbR¯^ †jvKmsMxZ i‡q‡Q| msMx‡Zi Gme iƒc Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q|

Crafts of Bangladesh

A craftwork is an applied form of art. It is a social and cultural product reflecting the inclusive nature of folk imagination. A craftwork, though doesn't bear the maker's signature, retains a personal touch. 'Nakshikantha' is a fine example of Bangladeshi craftwork. We wonder at a Nakshikantha for its artistic ingenuity. Our personal ignorance of the artist of a craftwork doesn't diminish his/ her worth. A craftwork is shaped by the interaction of individual creativity and community aesthetics, utility functions and also human values. A craftwork also represents a way of life and a cultural flavour. That's why changes in lifestyle and material conditions are expected to have their influence on craftworks and their production. But craftworks face some problems in this era. Its future is under threat due to industrialization and meachanization. Now, crafts that are disappearing should be revived. Nowadays, even when the market is an important factor, community aesthetics determine the form and content of the work. Craftworks like dolls reflect community aesthetics so much that the market cannot impose its preference on them. Craftworks are dynamic objects, always evolving and abreast of changing tastes and preferences. As a result, their demand still remains throughout the country and beyond. (Words : 202)

                                              evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKg©

GKwU wkíKg© nj wkíKjvi cÖv‡qvwMK iƒc| GwU GKwU mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK cY¨ hv‡Z †jvK Kíbvi mvgy`wqK AvPi‡Yi cÖKvk N‡U| GKwU wkíKg© hw`I mPivPi Gi cÖ¯‘ZKvi‡Ki ¯^v¶i enb K‡i bv wKš‘ e¨w³MZ ¯•k© eRvq _v‡K| ÔbKwkKuv_vÕ evsjv‡`wk wkíK‡g©i GK PgrKvi D`vniY| Avgiv ÔbKwkKuv_viÕ ˆkwíK D™¢vebcUzZv †`‡L AevK nB| GKRb wkíK‡g©i wkíxi m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i e¨w³MZ AÁZv Zvi †hvM¨Zv‡K aŸsm K‡i bv| GKwU wkíKg©‡K e¨w³MZ m„RbkxjZv, mv¤•Ö`vwqK bv›`wbKZv, e¨envwiK Dc‡hvwMZv I gvbweK g–j¨‡ev‡ai wg_w¯Œqv Øviv iƒc`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GKwU wkíKg© AviI cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i GKwU Rxebavivi Ges GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewk‡ó¨i| GKvi‡Y Rxebhvcbc×wZ I ev¯@e †¶‡Î cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve wkíK‡g©i Ici co‡e e‡j cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq| wKš‘ G hy‡M wkíKg© wKQy mgm¨vi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| wkívqb I hvwš¿KZvi Kvi‡Y Gi fwel¨r ûgwKi gy‡L| GLb wejxqgvb wkíKg©My‡jv cybi“×vi Kiv `iKvi| AvRKvj hLb evRvi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© wbqvgK, mvgvwRK b›`b‡eva wkíK‡g©i ˆewkó¨ wba©viY K‡i| cyZz‡ji g‡Zv wkíKg©My‡jv mv¤•Ö`vwqK bv›`wbKZv‡K G‡Zv †ewk cÖwZdwjZ K‡i †h evRvi G‡`i cÖwZ Zvi we‡kl c¶cvZ Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKwU wkíKg© Gfv‡eB GKwU cÖvYeš@ Kg© hv me©`v weKvkgvb Ges cwiewZ©Z ¯^v` I i“wPi mv‡_ me©`v Zvj wgwj‡q P‡j| Gi d‡j, mviv ‡`‡k Ges †`‡ki evB‡i Zv‡`i Pvwn`v GL‡bv i‡q‡Q|

Education

Education is a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills. Education enlightens the mind and broadens the outlook. There are two kinds of education informal and formal. Informal education means basic education. It is acquisition which people develop through their mother tongue. It is a natural and subconscious process of receiving education. It is usually learnt while speaking with members of the family, with friends and relatives. Informal education may be called implicit learning. Formal education is learning which is received at schools, colleges or universities with lessons, exams etc. Formal education may be classified as academic, vocational and professional. Academic education provides academic learning to learners in various disciplines such as arts, science, business studies, law, medical and engineering etc. vocational education is connected with the skills, knowledge, etc. that one needs to have in order to do a particular job. Professional education refers to the kind of education which is connected with a job needing special training or skill. Moreover, one of the functions of education today should be to impart 21st century stills. Besides reading, mathematics and science, it is necessary to train other skills that are in demand. We can learn a lot from various kinds of education which enrich our domain of knowledge. (Words : 218)

wk¶v

wk¶v n‡”Q wk¶Y, cÖwk¶Y I ÁvbvR©‡bi GKwU c×wZ hv we‡kl K‡i ¯‹zj ev K‡j‡R Ávb I `¶Zv e„w× K‡i| wk¶v gb‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i Ges `„wófw½ we¯@vi K‡i| `yB ai‡bi wk¶v Av‡QÑ AbvbyôvwbK I AvbyôvwbK| AbvbyôvwbK wk¶v ej‡Z †gŠwjK wk¶v †evSvq| GUv n‡”Q AR©b hv RbMY‡K gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g weKwkZ K‡i| GUv n‡”Q wk¶vMÖn‡Yi mnRvZ I Ae‡PZb c×wZ| GUv mPivPi cwiev‡ii m`m¨, eÜzevÜe I AvÍxq¯^R‡bi m‡½ K_v ejvi gva¨‡g wkLv nq| AbvbyôvwbK wk¶v‡K Aš@wb©wnZ wk¶v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯‹zj, K‡jR ev wek¦we`¨vj‡q cvV I cix¶v BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †h wk¶v MÖnY Kiv nq Zv AvbyôvwbK ev cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v| cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v‡K cyuw_MZ/†KZvex, e„wËg–jK Ges †ckvg–jK fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cyuw_MZ/†KZvex wk¶v GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K Kjv, weÁvb, e¨emvq wk¶v, AvBb, Wv³vix Ges cÖ‡KŠkj BZ¨vw` wewfbœ wel‡q cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †`q| e„wËg–jK wk¶v Ávb, `¶Zv BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ RwoZ hv GKRb‡K wbw`©ó KvR Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †ckvMZ wk¶v GK ai‡bi wk¶v hv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Kv‡R we‡kl cÖwk¶Y ev `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| Zvi Ici, eZ©gvb hy‡M wk¶vi Ab¨Zg f‚wgKv nIqv DwPZ 21k kZvãxi †KŠkjÁvb cÖ`vb| MwYZ I weÁvb †kLv‡bvi cvkvcvwk hy‡Mi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Ab¨vb¨ `¶Zv †kLv‡bvI cÖ‡qvRbxq| wewfbœ ai‡bi wk¶v †_‡K A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z cvwi hv Avgv‡`i Áv‡bi fvÊvi‡K mg„×kvjx K‡i|

Tourist Spots of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is the darling child of nature. So, she has been blessed with innumerable natural scenic spots all over the country. All these beautiful places are the tourists' attraction from home and abroad. The National Park at Gazipur, the BARI at Comilla, Rangamati, Bandarban, Cox's Bazar sea beach, Kuakata sea beach, Hiron Point in the Sundarbans, the Shat Gombuj Mosque at Bagerhat, the tea gardens of Sreemangal are some of the most important tourist spots of Bangladesh. They are attractive because of their scenic natural beauty. The tourists of home and abroad visit these places and enjoy their exquisite beauty to their mind's content. The tourists are enjoyed to see the endless beauty of those places. At present some of these tourist spots lag behind to attract tourists for lack of accommodation facilities for them. Kuakata is truly a virgin sea beach. Hiron Point is also such a tourist spot. The government should take effective steps to uplift their present condition by making arrangements for accommodation, safety of the tourists and enhance the beauty of the spots. When more and more tourists from home and abroad will visit these spots, the economy of the tourism corporation will increase to a great extent. (Words : 202)

evsjv‡`‡ki ch©Ub ¯’vbmg–n

evsjv‡`k cÖK…wZi AwZ Av`‡ii mš@vb| ZvB mviv‡`‡k AmsL¨ my›`i cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ Øviv †m Avkxe©v`cyó| Gme my›`i ¯’vbMy‡jv †`k we‡`‡ki ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y| MvRxcy‡ii RvZxq D`¨vb, KzwgjÐvi BARI, ivOvgvwU, ev›`ievb, K·evRvi mgy`ª ˆmKZ, KzqvKvUv mgy`ª ˆmKZ, my›`ie‡bi wniY c‡q›U, ev‡Minv‡Ui lvU M¤^yR gmwR`, kÖxg½‡ji Pv evMvb evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q Myi“Z¡c–Y© ch©Ub ¯’vbmg–‡ni Ab¨Zg| Zv‡`i `k©bxq cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i Kvi‡Y Zviv AvKl©Yxq| †`k we‡`‡ki `k©bv_©xMY G mg¯@ ¯’vb `k©b K‡i Ges gb f‡i Zv‡`i AmvaviY †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM K‡i| `k©bv_©xiv/ch©UKiv H mg¯@ ¯’v‡bi Amxg †mŠ›`h© †`‡L we‡gvwnZ nq| eZ©gv‡b †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ch©Ub ¯’vb ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ Avevmb ¯’v‡bi Afv‡e ch©UK AvKl©‡Y wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| KzqvKvUv cÖK…Zc‡¶ GKwU Ae¨eüZ mgy`ª ˆmKZ| wniY c‡q›UI Ggwb GKwU ch©Ub ¯’vb| ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ Avevm‡bi e‡›`ve¯@, ch©UK‡`i wbivcËv I ¯’vbMy‡jvi †mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i G‡`i eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ miKvi‡K Dchy³ e¨e¯’v †bIqv DwPZ| hLb †`k we‡`‡ki eû msL¨K ch©UK G mKj ¯’vb `k©b Ki‡e ZLb ch©Ub K‡c©v‡ik‡bi A_©bxwZ eûjvs‡k e„w× cv‡e|

Travelling

Travelling means going from one place to another for different purposes. They also explore to see the unseen and know the unknown. The travellers always travel the most beautiful places of the world which uphold the existence of nature. There are many ways to see the unseen and know the unknown, but travelling is the best of all. For example : reading books gives us literal knowledge, listening story gives us indefinite ideas, but travelling gives us visual as well as concrete knowledge. Someone travels to gain knowledge and experience, someone travels for pleasure, someone travels for business purposes etc. There are different types of travelling like travelling by air, bus, boat, train etc. Every travelling has much educative value. It is a part of education. Our education and book knowledge remain imperfect without travelling. For this reason, we can learn many things by travelling. It teaches us trade and commerce, language, sociology, customs, culture, history, geography and so on. Therefore, the educative value of travelling beyond description. Besides, there are some special benefits of travelling. Travelling removes our monotony and gives pleasure. Similarly, it also broadens our outlook and refreshes our mind. A good traveler can easily educate others. (Words: 200)

ågY

wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ GK¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨¯’v‡b hvIqv‡K ågY e‡j| Zviv A‡`Lv‡K †`Lv I ARvbv‡K Rvbvi m¤¢ve¨ZvI cix¶v K‡i| ågYKvixiv me mgqB we‡k¦i me‡P‡q my›`i ¯’vbMy‡jv Ny‡i †eovb hv cÖK…wZi Aw¯@Z¡‡K mg_©b K‡i| A‡`Lv‡K †`Lv I ARvbv‡K Rvbvi A‡bK Dcvq Av‡Q wKš‘ ågY me‡P‡q fv‡jv cš’v/Dcvq| D`vniY¯^iƒc : eBcov Avgv‡`i‡K Av¶wiK Ávb †`q, Mí‡kvbv Avgv‡`i‡K Awbw`©ó aviYv †`q wKš‘ ågY Avgv‡`i‡K `„wówbf©i Ges ev¯@e Ávb †`q| †KD †KD Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ ågY K‡i, †KD †KD Avb‡›`i Rb¨ ågY K‡i, †KD †KD e¨emvi D‡Ï‡k¨ ågY K‡i| åg‡Yi wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f` Av‡Q †hgb wegvb, evm, †bŠKv, †Uªb ågY BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡Z¨K åg‡YiB A‡bK wk¶vMZ g–j¨ Av‡Q| GUv wk¶vi GKUv Ask| ågY e¨ZxZ Avgv‡`i wk¶v I cyw_MZ Ávb Am¤•–Y© _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y ågY Øviv Avgiv A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z cvwi| GUv Avgv‡`i‡K e¨emv-evwYR¨, fvlv, mgvRweÁvb, ixwZbxwZ, K…wó, BwZnvm, f‚‡Mvj Ges Av‡iv KZ Kx wk¶v †`q| myZivs åg‡Yi wk¶vMZ g–j¨ eY©bvZxZ| ZvQvov åg‡Yi wKQy we‡kl DcKvwiZv Av‡Q| ågY Avgv‡`i GK‡N‡qwg `–i K‡i Ges Avb›` †`q| Z`ªƒc, GUv Avgv‡`i `„wófw½ we¯@„Z K‡i Ges Avgv‡`i gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i| GKRb fv‡jv ågYKvix Ab¨‡`i‡K wk¶v`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

 

Environment Pollution

Environmental pollution refers to the pollution of natural conditions, land, air and water in which human beings, animals and plants live. There are various types of pollution in the environment. Air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, arsenic pollution are some of them. Air is being polluted by the emission (wbM©Z nIqv) of harmful smoke. Mills and factories, vehicles with engines produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and many other poisonous gases. By inhaling (wbk¦vm †bIqv) this polluted air, people suffer from various diseases. Water is polluted very easily. Human waste and industrial waste are greatly responsible for water pollution. farmers use pesticides (KxUbvkK) and chemicals for producing crops. Floods and rain water wash these materials into ponds, rivers and other sources of water and by drinking this polluted water, people become sick. Again sound is polluted if it is above 70 decibel. Most of the vehicles use hydrolic horns which produce unbearable sound. Nowadays arsenic pollution is increasing alarmingly. If we don't take step to prevent these pollutions, our life on earth will be hellish (bviKxq). We should make everybody aware of the harmful effects of these pollutions. this is not all. Punishment should be given to those bad people who are directly involved with environmental pollution. (Words : 200)

cwi‡ek `–lY

cwi‡ek `–lY ej‡Z wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’v, f‚wg, evqy Ges cvwb †hLv‡b gvbyl, RxeRš‘ I MvQcvjv emevm K‡i GMy‡jvi `–lY‡K †evSvq| cwi‡e‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi `–lY Av‡Q| evqy `–lY, cvwb `–lY, kã `–lY, Av‡m©wbK `–lY Gi g‡a¨ wKQy `–lY| ¶wZKi †avqv wbM©g‡bi gva¨‡g evqy
`–wlZ nq| KjKviLvbv, hvbevnb, Kve©b WvB A·vBW, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW Ges Ab¨vb¨ welv³ M¨vm Drcv`b K‡i| Gme `–wlZ evqy MÖnY K‡i †jvKRb wewfbœ †iv‡M Avµvš@ n‡”Q| cvwb Lye mn‡RB `–wlZ n‡”Q| gbyl¨eR©¨ I wkíeR©¨ cvwb `–l‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vcKfv‡e `vqx| K…l‡Kiv dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Rwg‡Z KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK c`v_© e¨envi K‡i| eb¨v I e„wói gva¨‡g G mKj c`v_© cyKzi, b`x I cvwbi Ab¨vb¨ Dr‡mi mv‡_ wg‡k hv‡”Q Ges GB `–wlZ cvwb cvb K‡i †jvKRb Amy¯’ n‡”Q| Avevi 70 †Wwme‡ji Dc‡i kã `–wlZ nq| AwaKvsk hvbevn‡b nvB‡WªvwjK euvwk _v‡K hv Amnbxq kã m„wó K‡i| eZ©gv‡b Av‡m©wbK `–lY gvivÍKfv‡e e„w× cv‡”Q| hw` Avgiv Gme `–lY †iv‡a c`‡¶c bv †bB Zvn‡j c„w_ex‡Z Avgv‡`i Rxeb bviKxq n‡q DV‡e| Avgv‡`i DwPZ mKj‡K Gme `–l‡Yi ¶wZKi w`K m¤•‡K© m‡PZb Kiv| ïay ZvB bq| †hme g›` †jv‡Kiv cwi‡ek `–l‡Yi mv‡_ mivmwi RwoZ Zv‡`i kvw¯@ †`Iqv DwPZ|

 

Drug addiction

Drug addiction, as curse in modern age leads to an untimely miserable death of the addicts. Drug addiction is the habit of using non-prescribed medicine for exciting feelings. Opium, hemp, heroine, morphine, yaba, phensidyl etc. are the main drugs taken in our country. Drug addiction is the habit of taking an excess of drug for no physical disease but to get rid of frustration. There are a great variety of reasons behind drug addiction. Frustration due to unemployment, political anarchy, lack of family ties and lack of love and affection is the main cause of drug addiction. Drugs create some kind of dream like feelings and the drug-takers forget everything for some moments and live in a world of hallucination. Drug addiction causes a lot of harms not only to the addicts but also to the society and nation as a whole. Drugs tell upon the human body terribly. The addicts feel drowsy and his nervous system gradually becomes weak causing damage to their brain which leads to decay and death. When the addicts fail to arrange money for buying drugs, they commit various kinds of social crimes and become dependent on others. Both the government and non-government agencies including the parents may cure the addicts and help them to live a happy and peaceful life in the society. (Words : 219)

gv`Kvmw³

gv`Kvmw³, AvaywbK RM‡Zi GKUv Awfkvc hv Avm³‡`i‡K Amg‡q `ytLRbK g„Zz¨i w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| gv`Kvmw³ n‡”Q D‡ËRbvgq Abyf‚wZi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcÎ ewnf‚©Z Jla e¨env‡ii Af¨vm| Avwdg, fvs, †n‡ivBb, giwdb, Bqvev, †dbwmwWj BZ¨vw` evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ cÖavb cÖavb gv`K`ªe¨| gv`Kvmw³ n‡”Q †Kv‡bv e¨vwa QvovB nZvkv Govevi Rb¨ AwZwi³ gvÎvq Jla e¨env‡ii Af¨vm| gv`Kvmw³i †cQ‡b wewfbœ KviY Av‡Q| †eKviZ¡, ivR‰bwZK ˆbivR¨, cvwievwiK e܇bi Afve Ges fv‡jvevmv I †ø‡ni Afve RwbZ nZvkv gv`Kvmw³i cÖavb KviY| gv`K GKcÖKvi ¯^cœvjy Abyf‚wZ m„wó K‡i Ges gv`Kvm³iv K‡qK g–û‡Z©i Rb¨ me wKQy fz‡j wM‡q GK KvíwbK RM‡Z evm K‡i| gv`Kvmw³ †KejgvÎ Avm³‡`i bq, mgvR I mvgwMÖKfv‡e RvwZiI cÖf‚Z ¶wZ K‡i| gv`K gvby‡li Rxeb‡K gvivÍKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯@ K‡i| Avm³iv Z›`ªv”Qbœ n‡q c‡o Ges Zv‡`i øvqyZš¿ Av‡¯@ Av‡¯@ `ye©j n‡q gw¯@‡®‹i ¶wZi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ NUvq| gv`K †Kbvi A_© msMÖ‡n e¨_© n‡j Avm³iv wewfbœcÖKvi mvgvwRK Aciva K‡i Ges A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o| miKvi Ges gvZvwcZv mn †emiKvwi ms¯’v mg–n Avm³‡`i‡K mviv‡Z Ges mgv‡R myLx I kvwš@c–Y© Rxeb hvc‡b Zv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

 

My Best Friend

Good friends are very rare in these fast changing days. Old values have gone and new ones have not yet come. I am lucky to have a number of friends. Among them I have a special one and we love each other very much. The name of my best friend is Shayan Sharjeel. He comes from a respectable family. We are class fellows. He is one of the best students of our class. He understands things quickly. He is a bright and active student. He is very punctual. He is obedient and respectful. He is soft-spoken. He is good in studies. He reads some extra books and is not confined to his textbooks. He takes interest in current affairs and often discusses with me about important issues of the day. He is tolerant, broadminded and co-operative. He is also fond of seeing movies in theater. Sometimes he compels me to accompany him even though I have seen that particular movie. In fact, nobody is absolutely free from shortcomings. I allow him to enjoy such liberties and he does not cross the limit. He is a very good cricket player. He is a well-mannered boy. I am really proud of him. (Words : 200)

Avgvi †miv eÜz

`ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj eZ©gvb w`bMy‡jv‡Z fv‡jv eÜz‡`i Lyu‡R cvIqv LyeB `yj©f e¨vcvi| cyivZb g–j¨‡eva †kl n‡q wM‡q‡Q Ges GLbI ch©š@ bZzbwUi AvMgb N‡Uwb| AmsL¨ eÜz †c‡q Avwg ab¨| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Avgvi we‡kl GKRb Av‡Q Ges Avgiv ci¯•i‡K LyeB fv‡jvevwm| Avgvi †miv eÜzi bvg kvqvb kviwRj| †m GKUv m¤£vš@ cwievi †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Avgiv K¬vm-eÜz| †m Avgv‡`i †kÖwYi †miv Qv·`i Ab¨Zg GKRb| †m welqMy‡jv ZvovZvwo †ev‡S| †m GKRb †gavex I mwµq QvÎ| †m LyeB mgqwbô| †m KZ©e¨civqb I kÖ×vkxj| †m g„`yfvmx| †m Aa¨q‡b fv‡jv| †m wKQy AwZwi³ eB c‡o Ges †m cvV¨eB‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K bv| mv¤•ÖwZK welqMy‡jv‡Z †m AvMÖn †`Lvq Ges w`‡bi Myi“Z¡c–Y© welqMy‡jv wb‡q †m cÖvqB Avgvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i| †m mwnòz, D`vigbv Ges mn‡hvMx| †m bvU¨kvjv/w_‡qUv‡i wm‡bgv †`L‡ZI fv‡jvev‡m| wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv wm‡bgv, hv Avwg †`‡LwQ Zv m‡Ë¡I †m gv‡S gv‡S IUv †`L‡Z Avgv‡K m½x n‡Z eva¨ K‡i AwaKš‘, †KDB cy‡ivcywi ΓwUgy³ bq| Avwg G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fv‡M m¤§wZ RvbvB Ges †m mxgv AwZµg K‡i bv| †m GKRb fv‡jv wµ‡KU †L‡jvqvo| †m GKRb AvPviwbô †Q‡j| Avwg mwZ¨B Zvi Rb¨ Mwe©Z|

An Ideal Student

An ideal student is an all-rounder having many different qualities, skills and abilities. He/she is an asset for the school and for the country. Punctuality is a good virtue for all. An ideal student is always regular and punctual in attending the class and submitting the assignment. A good student is very studious. He/she learns and earns and his/her learning is an asset. He/She does not leave anything undone for tomorrow that can be done today. An ideal student always speaks the truth. So it is seen that an ideal student always remains ahead and success embraces him/her all the times. All these qualities make him/ her different from other students. We need simplicity and sincerity in all walks of life. An ideal student is simple in behaviour, sincere in activities and dedicated towards the nation. He/she should be polite in his/her behaviour in order to be loved and cared for by all. He provides a model that other students follow. He/she is always obedient to his parents and teachers. Bangladesh is marching towards the progress since her birth. The whole nation wants brilliant students. In this context, an ideal student is given utmost priority. Everybody loves an ideal student. (Words : 200)

GKRb Av`k© QvÎ

GKRb Av`k© Qv‡Îi A‡bK MyY, †hvM¨Zv I `¶Zv _v‡K| †m we`¨vjq Ges †`‡ki Rb¨ m¤•`| wbqgvbyewZ©Zv mK‡ji Rb¨ GKwU fv‡jv MyY| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ †kÖYx‡Z Dcw¯’Z I †kÖYxi KvR cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î me©`v wbqwgZ _v‡K| GKRb fv‡jv QvÎ Lye cov‡kvbv K‡i| †m cov‡kvbv K‡i Ges DcvR©b K‡i Ges Zvi we`¨vR©b m¤•‡`i gZ g–j¨evb| †m AvR hv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv AvMvgxKv‡ji Rb¨ †d‡j iv‡L bv| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ me©`v mZ¨ K_v e‡j| ZvB †`Lv hvq, GKRb Av`k© QvÎ me mgq GwM‡q _v‡K Ges mdjZv me mgq Zv‡K Avwj½b K‡i| Gme MyYvejx Zv‡K Ab¨vb¨ QvÎQvÎx‡`i †_‡K c„_K K‡i| Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î Avgv‡`i mijZv I Avš@wiKZv cÖ‡qvRb| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ AvPi‡Y mij cÖK…wZi, Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Avš@wiK Ges †`‡ki cÖwZ wb‡ew`Z| Zv‡K AvPi‡Y bgª n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mevB Zv‡K fv‡jvev‡m Ges Zvi hZœ †bq| †m GKwU bgybv cÖ`vb K‡i hv Ab¨vb¨ QvÎQvÎxiv AbymiY K‡i| †m me©`v Zvi wcZvgvZv I wk¶K‡`i cÖwZ AbyMZ| evsjv‡`k Zvi Rš§jMœ †_‡K DbœwZi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q| mgMÖ RvwZ †gavex QvÎ Pvq| GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z GKRb Av`k© Qv·K me‡P‡q †ewk Myi“Z¦ †`Iqv nq| mevB GKRb Av`k© Qv·K fvjev‡m|

Modern Technology

Present age is the age of science and technology. Modern technology is a great blessing for present civilization. We see the use of modern technology in every sphere of our life. We can't think of our modern life without science and technology. Technology is being used in industry, communication, medical treatment, household activities etc. Use of technology has made our life easy and more comfortable. Modern technology has turned the world into a global village. With the blessings of mobile phone, internet, television, computer we can know in an instant what is happening in the farthest corner of the world. We can communicate with anyone living at any place in the world within seconds. Medical technology has advanced to a great extent. It is being used in diagnosing and curing very complex diseases. Sophisticated plane, rocket, ship etc. are the gifts of modern technology. Mills and factories are manufacturing various things very quickly. Mobile phone and computer are certainly most wonderful invention of science. Besides, communication between person to person, we can enjoy various things on these two wonderful scientific devices. Technology has made the impossible things possible. In a word, it is the life and soul of modern civilization. (Words : 200)

AvaywbK cÖhyw³

eZ©gvb hyM weÁvb I cÖhyw³i hyM| eZ©gvb mf¨Zvi Rb¨ AvaywbK cÖhyw³ GK weivU Avkxe©v`| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Avgiv AvaywbK cÖhyw³i e¨envi j¶ Kwi| weÁvb I cÖhyw³ Qvov Avgiv Avgv‡`i AvaywbK Rxeb Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwibv| wkí KviLvbv, †hvMv‡hvM, wPwKrmv †mev, M„n¯’vwji KvRKg© BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖhyw³i e¨envi n‡”Q| cÖhyw³i e¨envi Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K mnR Ges Av‡iv Avivg`vqK K‡i‡Q| AvaywbK cÖhyw³ wek¦‡K GKwU ˆewk¦K MÖv‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| †gvevBj †dvb, B›Uvi‡bU, †Uwjwfkb, Kw¤•DUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ we‡k¦i AwaKZi `–ieZ©x ¯’v‡b msNwUZ NUbv gyn–‡Z©i g‡a¨ Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi| we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡š@ emevmiZ Kv‡iv mv‡_ Avgiv †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvwi| AvaywbK cÖhyw³i wekvj AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q| GwU LyeB RwUj †ivM wbY©q I wbivg‡q e¨eüZ n‡”Q| D”P cÖhyw³i wegvb, i‡KU, RvnvR BZ¨vw` AvaywbK cÖhyw³i Dcnvi| Kj-KviLvbv wewfbœ ai‡bi wRbxmcÎ AwZ `ª“Z Drcv`b Ki‡Q| †gvevBj †dvb Ges Kw¤•DUvi Aek¨B weÁv‡bi AwZ Avðh©RbK Avwe®‹vi| GQvov e¨vw³ †_‡K e¨vw³i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î ˆeÁvwbK GB `ywU PgrKvi wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g Avgiv wewfbœ wRwbm Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖhyw³ Am¤¢e wRwbm‡K m¤¢e K‡i‡Q| GK K_vq GwU AvaywbK mf¨Zvi cÖvY|

 

Uses and Abuses of Cell Phone

Cell Phone is a great invention of modern science. It is called so because a user can carry it wherever he goes out. It has made the interpersonal communication very easy and fast. One can communicate with the expected person within a few seconds through a mobile phone. Business communication has become easier because of the use of this device and all steps of life are benefited by it. It is also helpful for the students. They can get suggestion of their studies from their friends and teachers. So the number of consumers of mobile phone is increasing day by day. Today, more than 100 million people in Bangladesh and over 4.6 billion people around the world use cell phones. It spreads so fast that it is now considered one of the greatest inventions of all time. It makes the world smaller and brings all closer. But it is unfortunate that it has some negative aspects too. Criminals also use it for their activities. It causes some health hazard. Scientists believe that it causes brain tumors by its invisible and uncontrolled radio activity. Specially the pregnant women and children should not use it at all. In spite of all these, mobile phone is a blessing for us. (Words : 207)

gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi e¨envi Ges Ace¨envi

gy‡Vv‡dvb AvaywbK weÁv‡bi GK Myi“Z¡c–Y© Avwe®‹vi| GwU‡K GB bv‡g WvKv nq, KviY Gi e¨enviKvix G‡K †hLv‡b Lywk †mLv‡b enb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU cvi¯•wiK †hvMv‡hvM‡K K‡i‡Q A‡bK mnR Ges `ª“Z| gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb Zvi Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³i mv‡_ Aí †m‡K‡Êi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB h‡š¿i e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K †hvMv‡hvM A‡bK mnRZi n‡q †M‡Q Ges Rxe‡bi me‡¶Î Gi Øviv DcK…Z n‡”Q| GwU wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨I mnvqK| Zviv covkybvi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i eÜz Ges wk¶K‡`i KvQ †_‡K civgk© †c‡q _v‡K| ZvB w`‡b w`‡b gy‡Vv‡dvb e¨enviKvixi msL¨v †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k 100 wgwjq‡bi †ewk gvbyl Ges wek¦Ry‡o 4.6 wewjq‡bi AwaK †jvK gy‡Vv‡dvb e¨envi K‡i| GwU G‡Zv `ª“Z Qov‡”Q †h GwU‡K eZ©gv‡b me©Kv‡ji Ab¨Zg †kÖô Avwe®‹vi e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| GwU c„w_ex‡K ¶z`ªZi K‡i Ges mevB‡K Kv‡Q Av‡b| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq GB †h, Gi wKQy Lvivc w`KI Av‡Q| mš¿vmxivI Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GwU e¨envi K‡i| Gi Kvi‡Y wKQy ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK †`Lv †`q| weÁvbxiv wek¦vm K‡ib †h Gi A`„k¨ Ges Awbqwš¿Z †ZRw¯ŒqZvi Kvi‡Y gw¯@‡®‹ wUDgvi nq| we‡kl K‡i Mf©eZx gwnjv Ges †QvU wkky‡`i GwU GK`g e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq| ZeyI gy‡Vv‡dvb Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Avkxe©v`|

 

Internet

Internet, the latest and most wonderful means of worldwide communication, is a computer-based global network system that has created a great revolution in the world. It is the cheapest and fastest means of communication for business and commerce. The information system of the world has become globalized with the magical touch of internet. Like a spider-web the internet has spread its interconnected link with tens, hundreds or even thousands of computers. Internet has brought new opportunities to government, education and business. In the developed countries teachers send every study material and course to every individual student through internet. Picture, data and many other things also can be sent through internet. If one wants to use internet, one has to learn how to operate it. Firstly, the user needs a particular software to install in his computer. Next, he  has to click on the browsing icon where a space for writing the address on the web page will appear. One can go for a searching engine in order to find a particular web page or a piece of information. Bangladesh, as a developing country does not have access to the internet in all spheres except the banking system and educational institutions. (Words : 200)

B›Uvi‡bU

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi me©‡kl I wewPÎZg gva¨g B›Uvi‡bU n‡”Q GKwU Kw¤•DUvi wfwËK ˆewk¦K †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v hv wek¦Ry‡o weivU wecÐe m„wó K‡i‡Q| GwU e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi me‡P‡q m¯@v I `ª“ZZg gva¨g| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Rv`yKix ¯•‡k© we‡k¦i †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v wWwRUvj n‡q D‡V‡Q| gvKomvi Rv‡ji gZ `k, kZ kZ wKsev Ggb wK nvRvi nvRvi Kw¤•DUv‡i B›Uvi‡b‡Ui we¯@„wZ N‡U‡Q| B›Uvi‡bU miKvwi KvR Kg©, wk¶v I e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ bZzb my‡hvM wb‡q G‡m‡Q| DbœZ †`kMy‡jv‡Z wk¶Kiv cÖwZwU wk¶v DcKiY I †Kvm© cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi Kv‡Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cvwV‡q †`q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Qwe, DcvË I Ab¨ A‡bK wKQyI cvVv‡bv hvq| hw` †KD B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvq, Zv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e Kxfv‡e Zv Pvjbv Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g, Kw¤•DUv‡i Bb÷j Kivi Rb¨ e¨enviKvixi GKwU we‡kl md&UIqvi `iKvi| Zvici, Zv‡K eªvDwRs AvBKb ev cÖZx‡K wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b GKwU I‡qe †cBR Avm‡e Ges hv‡Z wVKvbv †jLvi Rb¨ GKUv RvqMv _vK‡e| †Kv‡bv we‡kl I‡qe †cR wKsev Z_¨ LyuR‡Z PvB‡j †KD mvwP©s Bwćb †h‡Z cv‡i| Dbœqbkxj ivó« wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k e¨vswKs c×wZ I wk¶vcÖwZôvb Qvov †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi †bB|

Necessity of Learning English

The necessity of learning English is beyond description. English is that common language which is used and understood all over the world. It has become the second language of our country. We need to know the language for many reasons. We cannot communicate with the people of other countries in our mother tongue. We need a language that is common to the people of all the countries. When we go outside, we use English to communicate with the foreigners. We have to use English in business correspondence with foreigners. Nowadays businessmen have to maintain international relations. So they use English language. Next, we require English language for higher studies because books of higher classes are written in English. The language of computer, the present wonder of science, is English. It is not possible to operate computer without knowing English. Moreover, English is essential in Foreign Service. People who are engaged in serving international relations must know English. There are many other jobs like postman, airhostess, hotel receptionist etc. that essentially require English. In all, English language has become a very indispensable and unavoidable language for us. The simple ways to improve it are to provide the students with the standard English text of every class in each school and college. (Words : 210)

Bs‡iwR †kLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

Bs‡iwR †kLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bvZxZ| Bs‡iwR Ggb GKwU cwiwPZ fvlv hv mviv c„w_exe¨vcx e¨eüZ nq| GUv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wØZxq fvlv| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i GB fvlv Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| Avgiv wfbœ †`‡ki †jvK‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avgv‡`i GKwU fvlv cÖ‡qvRb hv mKj †`‡ki †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q cwiwPZ| hLb Avgiv evB‡i hvB, Avgiv cÖevmx‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z Bs‡iwR e¨envi Kwi| we‡`kx‡`i mv‡_ e¨emvwqK Avjvc Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| AvRKvj e¨emvqx‡`i Avš@R©vwZK m¤•K© eRvq ivL‡Z nq| ZvB Zviv Bs‡iwR fvlv e¨envi K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z D”PZi cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR fvlv cÖ‡qvRb KviY D”PZi †kÖwYi eB Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv nq| eZ©gvb weÁv‡bi we¯§q Kw¤•DUvi Gi fvlv Bs‡iwR| Bs‡iwR Rvbv bv _vK‡j Kw¤•DUvi Pvjbv m¤¢e bq| AwaKš@y, ˆe‡`wkK PvKwii †¶‡Î Bs‡iwR cÖ‡qvRb| †hme †jvKRb Avš@R©vwZK m¤•K© i¶vq KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡`i Aek¨B Bs‡iwR Rvb‡Z n‡e| WvKwcqb, wegvbevjv, †nv‡Uj Af¨_©bvKvix BZ¨vw` †ckvi gZ AviI A‡bK †ckv i‡q‡Q †hme †¶‡Î Bs‡iwR Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb| m‡e©vcwi, Bs‡iwR Avgv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ I Acwinvh© fvlv| GwUi Dbœq‡bi mvaviY Dcvq nj cÖwZwU ¯‹zj I K‡j‡R cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z Bs‡iwR cvV `vb|

 

Gender Discrimination

Gender discrimination is the practice of treating any gender of the society unfairly. When any person of one particular gender is not given his or her rights, gender discrimination begins. Female persons of our society are the worst (Pig Lvivc) sufferers of this discrimination. It starts from the very birth of a female child, and ends with her death. Our society is dominated by male people. They think that male child will earn money for the family and female child will do only domestic chores. So, male children always get prominence. they get the highest of the opportunities (myweav) available in the families. But, female children are assigned (Kg©vw`i `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv) to household works and are married off as soon as possible. So, they don't get opportunity to flourish their latent (myß) talent (cÖwZfv). Some of these girls may be at school but after marriage, they only give birth to children and rear them up. This disparity (AmgZv) causes a great harm to their mentality. they think themselves inferior (wbæZi ev nxbZi) to male people. But, for social development both male and female persons should contribute equally because the female people are the half of our whole population. It is not possible for male people to change the socio-economy without the help of female people. This problem can be solved by raising awareness in general. (Words : 214)

wj½ ˆelg¨

mgv‡R †h‡Kv‡bv wj‡½i cÖwZ A‡kvfb e¨env‡ii PP©vB n‡”Q wj½ ˆelg¨| hLb †Kvb wbw`©ó wj‡½i †jvK‡K Zvi AwaKvi †`Iqv nq bv, ZLbB wj½ ˆelg¨ ïi“ nq| Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri bvixiv me‡P‡q †ewk wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| GKRb †g‡q wkïi Rš§ †_‡KB GUv ïi“ nq Ges g„Zz¨i AvM ch©š@ P‡j| Avgv‡`i mgvR n‡”Q cyi“l kvwmZ mgvR| Zviv fv‡e †h †Q‡j wkïiv cwiev‡ii Rb¨ UvKv Avq Ki‡e Ges †g‡q wkïiv M„n¯’vwji KvR Ki‡e| ZvB †Q‡j wkï‡K me©`v AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqv nq| Zviv cwiev‡ii m‡e©v”P my‡hvM-myweav cvq| wKš‘ †g‡q wkï‡K M„n¯’vwji Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nq Ges hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e weevn †`Iqv nq| ZvB Zviv Zv‡`i myß cÖwZfv‡K weKwkZ Kivi Rb¨ my‡hvM cvq bv| wKQy †g‡q‡`i‡K ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡bv nq, wKš‘ weev‡ni c‡i Zviv ïay mš@vb Rš§ †`q Ges Zv‡`i‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i| GB AmgZv Zv‡`i gvbwmK Ae¯’vi e¨vcK ¶wZ K‡i| Zviv cyi“l‡`i Zzjbvq, wb‡R‡`i‡K nxbZi g‡b K‡i| wKš‘ mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvix I cyi“l Dfq‡K mgvbfv‡e Ae`vb ivLv DwPZ KviY bvixiv Avgv‡`i †gvU RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K| bvix‡`i mvnvh¨ Qvov Av_© mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Kiv cyi“l‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| Avi Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wói gva¨‡g GB mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

 

Female Education

Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less, half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. In our country about 7 crore people are women out of 14 crore in total. But, most of the women are lagging (wcwQ‡q cov) far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy is alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The Govt. and NGOs should patronize (c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv) the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country. (Words : 211)

bvix wk¶v

GKwU RvwZi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvix wk¶v LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| wKQy Kg ev †ewk †`‡ki cÖvq A‡a©K RbmsL¨vB n‡”Q bvix| bvix‡`i‡K Awkw¶Z I †eKvi †i‡L †Kvb RvwZ DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki 14 †KvwU †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖvq 7 †KvwU †jvK n‡”Q bvix| wKš‘ AwaKvsk bvix wk¶v †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i i‡q‡Q| bvix mv¶iZvi nvi cÖvq kZKiv wekfvM| bvix‡`i GB mv¶iZvi nvi fxwZKi KviY Zv‡`i wk¶v Qvov Avgv‡`i m‡š@vlRbK Dbœqb Am¤¢e| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y bvix‡`i wkw¶Z nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| †`‡ki GKRb m‡PZb bvMwiK n‡Z n‡j, cwievi Ges mgv‡Ri GKRb mwµq Kg©x n‡Z n‡j, GKRb fvj gv ev ¯¿x n‡Z n‡j Ges AvÍwbf©ikxj fvj Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z PvB‡j GKRb bvix‡K mwVKfv‡e wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Awkw¶Z bvix‡`i Zzjbvq wkw¶Z bvix‡`i D”P Av‡qi ¶gZv _v‡K| GKRb wkw¶Z bvix Zvi KZ©e¨, AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ m¤•‡K© m‡PZb _v‡K| ZvB bvix‡`i‡K wkw¶Z Kivi cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| wcZvgvZv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Kb¨v mš@vb‡`i we`¨vj‡q cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| bvix‡`i wk¶vi Rb¨ miKvi I GbwRI My‡jv‡K c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z Zviv wkw¶Z n‡Z cv‡i Ges Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Earthquake

Earthquake is one of the most common natural calamities on earth. Earthquake is an abrupt (AvKw¯§K) movement of a part of the Earth's surface caused by deep crack in the Earth or by volcanic (Av‡Mœq) eruption (AMœ~¨rcvZ). It causes great disaster. Bangladesh is in the active earthquake area. Now, it is frequently (NbNb) felt in Bangladesh. But the people of our country are not conscious enough about the gravity (AwfKl©) of this dangerous natural calamity. Most of the buildings of our country will be destroyed if they are not built in accordance with an earthquake resistant (cÖwZ‡ivaK) standard. A group of experts opine that the repetition of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another group of experts believe that the concern should not be amplified (ewa©Z Kiv), because there are a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh. But none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. So, in order to protect us from this impending (Avmbœ) danger, we must be conscious about the causes and results of earthquake. We should not build house without the advice of expert. The Government should take steps for this disaster. The Government should develop earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory. (Words : 207)

f‚wgK¤•

f‚wgK¤• n‡”Q c„w_ex‡Z GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM| c„w_exi Mfx‡i wkjv ev Av‡MœqwMwii AMœ~rcv‡Zi gva¨‡g c„w_ex c„‡ôi †Kv‡bv As‡ki AvKw¯§K bovPov‡K f‚wgK¤• e‡j| GUv e¨vcK ¶wZ mvab K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`k f‚wgK¤• cÖeY GjvKvq Aew¯’Z| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k GUv cÖvqB Abyf‚Z nq| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki †jv‡Kiv GB ¶wZKi cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi AwfKl© m¤•‡K© h‡_ó m‡PZb bq| evsjv‡`‡ki `vjvbMy‡jv hw` f‚wgK¤• cÖwZ‡ivaK bxwZgvjv bv †g‡b ˆZwi Kiv nq Zvn‡j †`‡ki AwaKvsk `vjvb aŸsm n‡q hv‡e| GK`j we‡klÁ gZ w`‡q‡Qb †h, mv¤•ÖwZK eQiMy‡jvi Nb Nb f‚wgK¤• eo ai‡bi f‚wgK‡¤•i Rb¨ mZK© evZ©v wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| Ab¨ GK`j we‡klÁ wek¦vm K‡ib †h `ywðš@v e„w× Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY evsjv‡`‡ki wKQy †fŠ‡MvwjK ΓwUc–Y© ¯’vb _vK‡jI †KvbwUB eo ai‡bi ûgwK m„wó Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| ZvB GB Avmbœ wec` †_‡K Avgv‡`i‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ f‚wgK‡¤•i KviY I djvdj m¤•‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| we‡klÁ‡`i Dc‡`k Qvov Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv `vjvb ˆZwi Kiv DwPZ bq| GB `y‡h©v‡Mi Rb¨ miKvi‡K c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| miKvi‡K f‚wgK¤• cÖwZ‡iva bxwZgvjvi Dbœqb Kiv DwPZ hv mKj `vjv‡bi †g‡b Pjv eva¨Zvg–jK n‡e|

Computer

Computer is a wonderful invention of modern science. It is a complex electronic machine that consists of innumerable ingredients. Now there are normally two types of computer. They are desktop and laptop. Desktop is more common and popular than the laptop which is rather expensive. Any computer has two parts. They are hardware and software. The mechanical and electronic parts are called hardware. Software refers to the data or programmes that we use to serve our purposes. A computer consists of five major componentsthe input unit, the memory unit, the control unit, the arithmetic unit and the output unit. The memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit constitute central processing unit. However, every computer has its machine language to give instruction for operation. This language may vary from machine to machine. Anyway, computer, nowadays, has become inseparable (Awe‡”Q`¨) from our daily life. This modern machine is being used almost in every sector of human activities. Scientists are using it for carrying out research activities. Doctors are using it for diagnosis. The use of computer has changed the entire banking system. Even this machine is being used in education and agriculture sector. Thus computer is now contributing to the advancement of life and building up of new potentialities in science and technology. (Words : 213)

Kw¤•DUvi

Kw¤•DUvi AvaywbK weÁv‡bi GK we¯§qKi Avwe®‹vi| GwU GKwU RwUj B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ hv AmsL¨ Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ| eZ©gv‡b mvaviYfv‡e `yB ai‡bi Kw¤•DUvi i‡q‡Q| †mMy‡jv n‡jv j¨vcUc I †W¯‹Uc| †W¯‹Uc j¨vcU‡ci †P‡q †ewk cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq eis j¨vcUcB e¨qeûj| †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤•DUv‡ii `ywU Ask i‡q‡Q| †mMy‡jv n‡jv nvW©Iq¨vi I mdUIq¨vi| hvwš¿K Ges B‡jKUªwbK AskMy‡jv‡K nvW©Iq¨vi e‡j| mdUIq¨vi ej‡Z †evSvq †m mKj Z_¨ I DcvˇK hv Avgv‡`i KvR Ki‡Z Avgiv e¨envi Kwi| GKwU Kw¤•DUvi cuvPwU cÖavb Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZÑ BbcyU BDwbU, †g‡gvwi BDwbU, K‡›Uªvj BDwbU, exRMvwYwZK BDwbU Ges AvDUcyU BDwbU| †g‡gvwi BDwbU, K‡›Uªvj BDwbU Ges exRMvwYwZK BDwbU wb‡q †m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms BDwbU MwVZ| hv †nvK mKj Kw¤•DUv‡ii wµqv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv †`Iqvi wbR¯^ †gwk‡bi fvlv i‡q‡Q| †gwkb †_‡K †gwk‡b GB fvlvi wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| hv †nvK, Kw¤•DUvi, eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| GB AvaywbK hš¿wU gvbe Kvh©vewji cÖvq mKj †¶‡Î e¨eüZ n‡”Q| weÁvbxiv D™¢vebx Kv‡R GwU e¨envi Ki‡Q| Wv³viiv †ivM mbv³KiY Kv‡R GwU e¨envi Ki‡Q| Kw¤•DUvi e¨envi mgMÖ e¨vswKs c×wZ‡K cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| GgbwK GB hš¿ wk¶v Ges K…wl‡¶‡Î e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e eZ©gv‡b Kw¤•DUvi Rxe‡bi AMÖMwZ‡Z Ges weÁvb I cÖhyw³‡Z bZzb m¤¢vebv ˆZwi‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡Q|

Celebration of Pahela Baishakh

Culture is the way we lead our life. Every nation has a culture of its own. Pahela Baishakh, the first day of Bangla New Year is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. It is celebrated throughout the country with great festivity and fervour. The day's first programme begins at Ramna Batamul. Wearing punjabi and pajama people of different ages and classes attend the programme. Chhayanat, a cultural organization performs there. They sing in chorus (`jxq Mvb) welcoming the Bangla New Year. A procession is brought out carrying festoons, posters, banners, placards. The participants dance and sing wearing masks. The Shilpakala Academy, Jatiya Press Club and many other socio-cultural organizations arrange cultural and discussion programmes. Bangladesh television and Bangladesh Betar telecast live programmes. The national dailies bring out special supplements highlighting the significance of the day. The traders and businessmen open halkhata and entertain the customers with sweets. People roam around different areas. They eat special foods and enjoy carnivals. A remarkable arrangement on this day is the colourful procession known as 'Mangal-shovajatra' by the students of the Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University. Thus goes the day amidst (g‡a¨; gvSLv‡b) the flow of joy everywhere. In fact, the celebration of Pahela Baishakh reminds us of our cultural heritage that we are going to lose. (Words : 212)

c‡njv ˆekvL D`&hvcb

Avgiv †hfv‡e Rxeb cwiPvjbv Kwi ZvB n‡”Q ms¯‹…wZ| cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZiB Zvi wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ i‡q‡Q| evsjv bZzb eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`b c‡njv ˆekvL evsjv ms¯‹…wZi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| e¨vcK Drme I DÏxcbvi gva¨‡g GUv mviv †`‡k cvwjZ nq| w`‡bi cÖ_g Kg©m–Px ïi“ nq igbvi eUg–‡j| wewfbœ eqm I †kÖYxi gvbyl cvÄvwe I cvRvgv cwiavb K‡i Kg©m–wP‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i| mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb QvqvbU †mLv‡b w`bwU cvjb K‡i| Zviv evsjv beel©‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q `jxqfv‡e Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡i| †d÷zb, †cv÷vi, e¨vbvi Ges c­vKvW© wb‡q GKwU †kvfvhvÎv †ei nq| AskMÖnYKvixiv gy‡Lvk c‡i Mvb Mvq I bvP cwi‡ekb K‡i| wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve Ges AviI A‡bK mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK msMVbMy‡jv mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb I Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb I evsjv‡`k †eZvi mivmwi †cÖvMÖvgMy‡jv m¤•ÖPvi K‡i| w`bwUi Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© RvZxq ˆ`wbKMy‡jv we‡kl †µvocÎ †ei K‡i| e¨emvqxiv nvjLvZv Ly‡j Ges Zv‡`i †µZv‡`i‡K wgwó gyL Kivq| †jvKRb wewfbœ GjvKvq Ny‡i †eovq| Zviv we‡kl Lvevi Lvq Avi †gjv Dc‡fvM K‡i| Gw`‡bi D‡jÐL‡hvM¨ Av‡qvRb n‡”Q XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wk¶v_©x‡`i ewY©j †kvfvhvÎv hv Òg½j-†kvfvhvÎvÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gfv‡e me©ÎB Avb‡›`i gva¨‡g w`bwU P‡j hvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶, c‡njv ˆekv‡Li D`hvcb Avgv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q hv Avgiv nviv‡Z hvw”Q|

My Country/Bangladesh/Homeland

Bangladesh lies on the shore of the Bay of Bengal in the South of Asia. India surrounds the other three sides of this tiny country. She got her freedom once from Britain in 1947 and next from Pakistan on 16th December, 1971. Dhaka is the capital of this country. the tropic of cancer and the 90° longitudinal line intersect almost in the middle of the country. It is a temperate (bvwZkx‡Zvò) country. there are six seasons in our country-summer, rainy season, autumn, late autumn, winter and spring. the total land area of the country is 1,47,570 square kilometers and the land is plain and fertile. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The Padma, the Meghna, the Jamuna are the main rivers of our country. The population of the country is about 140 million and the majority of the population are farmers. Rice, jute, wheat, tea, sugar-cane etc. are our main crops. besides  these, various fruits like mangoes, jackfruits, pine-apples, papaws, coconuts, orange, palms, guavas grow here. The natural beauty is the main attraction of this country. cox's Bazar is known around the world for its silvery sandy sea beach and Rangamati for its evergreen hills and lakes and special natural sites worth seeing for the tourists. (Words : 206)

Avgvi †`k/evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`k `w¶Y Gwkqvi e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK‚‡j Aew¯’Z| fviZ GB †QvU †`kwUi Ab¨ wZbw`‡K Aew¯’Z| †m cÖ_gevi 1947 mv‡j weª‡U‡bi KvQ †_‡K Ges c‡i 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯@v‡bi KvQ †_‡K ¯^vaxb nq| XvKv G‡`‡ki ivRavbx| KK©Uµvwš@ I 90° `ªvwNgv †iLv G‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg K‡i‡Q| GwU GKwU bvwZkx‡Zvò †`k| Avgv‡`i †`‡k QqwU FZz i‡q‡Q †hgb MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngš@, kxZ I emš@| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †gvU AvqZb 1,47,570 eM© wK. wg. Ges Gi f‚wg mgZj Ges De©i| evsjv‡`k b`xgvZ…K †`k| cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x| evsjv‡`‡k †jvKmsL¨v cÖvq 14 †KvwU Ges AwaKvsk †jvK K…lK| avb, cvU, Mg, Pv, B¶z BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i cÖavb km¨| GQvov wewfbœ ai‡bi dj †hgb Avg, KuvVvj, Avbvim, †cu‡c, bvi‡Kj, Kgjv, Zvj, †cqviv GLv‡b R‡š§| cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© G‡`‡ki cÖavb AvKl©Y| K·evRvi c„w_exe¨vcx Bnvi iƒcvjx evjyi ˆmK‡Zi Rb¨ Ges ivOvgvwU Zvi wPi meyR cvnvo I n«` Ges we‡kl cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ hv ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i Zvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|

Price hike/Price spiral

Price hike or the increase of price of the daily essential commodities is the most talked about issue at the present time. In our country it has become a usual phenomenon now. The price of the daily commodities is soaring sky high to go out of reach of the poor and the lower middle class people of our country. There are a lot of causes behind this price hike. Hoarding of essential commodities by the dishonest businessmen is one of the causes of price hike. Smuggling and black marketing by traders and people in general are also important factors causing price rise. Many dishonest men have earned huge black money through black marketing. This has caused great suffering to the people. Shortage of supply due to low production also accelerates the price hike of essential goods. At present syndicate business has added to this plight. Due to inflation price hike is more acute in our country. Government mechanism to curb price hike is defective. Many poor villagers cannot afford to manage two square meals a day. Very often they suffer from malnutrition and other diseases. Many even die without getting proper medical treatment. Public awareness against illegal hoarders of the daily necessaries, smugglers and black marketeers can remove this curse from the country. (Words : 213)

g–j¨ e„w×

g–j¨ e„w× ev wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨vw`i g–j¨ e„w× AvR‡Ki w`‡bi me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ welq| GLb Avgv‡`i †`‡k GwU GKwU mPivPi wel‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg AvKvkPz¤^x n‡q Avgv‡`i †`‡ki `wi`ª I wbæga¨weË †kÖYxi gvby‡li bvMv‡ji evB‡i P‡j hv‡”Q| G g–j¨ e„w×i cðv‡Z eû KviY i‡q‡Q| Amvay e¨emvqx‡`i Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i weÁvcb `vb g–j¨ e„w×i Ab¨Zg KviY| e¨emvqx I mvaviY †jvK‡`i Øviv cY¨ cvPvi I Kv‡jvevRvwiI g–j¨ e„w×i Myi“Z¡c–Y© wbqvgK| A‡bK Amr †jvK Kv‡jvevRvwii gva¨‡g wecyj Kv‡jv UvKv DcvR©b K‡i‡Qb| GUv Rbmvavi‡Yi e¨vcK †fvMvwš@i KviY n‡q‡Q| ¯^í Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y Kg mieiv‡ni Kvi‡YI cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i `vg `ª“ZMwZ‡Z e„w× †c‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b G `y‡h©v‡Mi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q wmwÛ‡KU e¨emv| gy`ªvùxwZi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i †`‡k g–j¨ e„w× AviI Zxeª|
g–j¨ e„w× mnbxq gvÎvq ivL‡Z miKv‡ii †KŠkj ΓwUc–Y©| A‡bK `wi`ª MÖvgevmx `yÕ†ejv Lvevi †hvMv‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖvqB Zviv Acywó I Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡M †fv‡M| ch©vß wPwKrmv bv †c‡q A‡b‡K gvivI hvq| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i weÁvcb`vZv, cvPviKvix I Kv‡jvevRvix‡`i wei“‡× MYm‡PZbZv †`k †_‡K G Awfkvc `–i Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Good Health

Good health refers to the soundness of both mental and physical health. people with good health are fit, active and free from diseases. Obviously, good health is the root of all happiness. But, to maintain good health is not an easy task. For keeping one's health good, one has to follow certain rules and discipline. One has to take regular physical exercise, proper rest or sleep. Early rising is essential for keeping health good. Balanced diet is the key word to concentrate in this regard. Balanced diet is a diet that contains all kinds of food value. But, it is a great regret (AbyZvc) that most of the people of our country live below the poverty line and they do not get the food they need for good health. Even the rich and the educated people are not conscious of the rules of good health. they take a wide variety of imbalanced food only for creating harm to their health. The complexities of our day to day life have a bad impact on our health. they create frustration, hopelessness and many other mental disorders. all these are impediments (†h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜK) to mental peace and sound body. those complexities have to be avoided because a simple and care-free life is conducive to good health. (Words : 210)

my¯^v¯’¨

my¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z †`n I gb Df‡qi cÖkvwš@‡K †evSvq| my¯^v¯’¨evb †jvKRb †hvM¨, mwµq Ges †ivMgy³ nq| wbwðZfv‡e my¯^v¯’¨ mKj my‡Li
g–j| wKš‘, my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLv mnR KvR bq| my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wKQy wbqg-bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| GRb¨ wbqwgZ kvixwiK e¨vqvg, Dchy³ wekÖvg I Nyg n‡Z n‡e| mKvj mKvj Nyg †_‡K DVv my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ LyeB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| mylg Lv`¨ G‡¶‡Î LyeB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| mylg Lv`¨ †mB Lv`¨ hvi g‡a¨ mKj Lv`¨ MyY Av‡Q| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq †h Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvKRb `vwi`ª¨ mxgvi bx‡P evm K‡i Ges my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ †h Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb Zv Zviv cvq bv| GgbwK wkw¶Z I abxivI my¯^v‡¯’¨i wbqg Kvbyb m¤•‡K© m‡PZb bq| Zviv wewfbœ iK‡gi A¯^v¯’¨Ki Lv`¨ Lvq hv ïay Zv‡`i ¶wZB K‡i| Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi RwUjZv Avgv‡`i ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci weiƒc cÖfve †d‡j| GMy‡jv nZvkv, AvkvnxbZv I AviI A‡bK gvbwmK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| Gme wKQy gvbwmK kvwš@ I my¯^v‡¯’¨i cÖwZeÜK| Gme RwUjZv Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e KviY mnR I Sv‡gjvgy³ Rxeb my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ DcKvix|

Deforestation

Trees are the best friends of human on earth. When trees are cut indiscriminately (wbwe©Pv‡i) and forests are destroyed massively (wekvjfv‡e), we cause deforestation. People cut trees for various reasons. they need wood for building houses and for making furniture. the ever growing population needs more space to live and cultivate. So, people are deforesting. Again the high price of wood makes people greedy to cut them. But we must know that without trees no life is possible on earth. We take oxygen from air and leave carbon-dioxide. Trees on the other hand, take carbon-dioxide and leave oxygen. If there is no tree, there will be lack of oxygen in the air. Trees help us to get adequate (ch©vß; h‡_ó) rain. Raindrops help the plants to grow. If there is no tree, the land will gradually turn into a desert. Trees help to preserve soil. where there are not adequate trees, the soil of the land will be gone away during floods. besides, we get wood from trees. with this wood we make our furniture. So, we should avoid cutting trees. And if we cut a tree for our need we should plant at least two plants. We must be aware of growing more trees for ecological balance of our country and the world as well. (Words : 212)

eb DRvo

MvQcvjv n‡”Q c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li me‡P‡q DËg eÜz| hLb wbwe©Pv‡i MvQ KvUv nq Ges e¨vcKfv‡e MvQ aŸsm Kiv nq ZLb ebwbab m„wó nq| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y gvbyl MvQcvjv Kv‡U| Zv‡`i Nievwo ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Ges AvmevecÎ ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ KvV cÖ‡qvRb| µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi emevm I Pvlvev` Kivi Rb¨ †ewk RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB gvbyl ebwbab Ki‡Q| Avevi Kv‡Vi D”Pg–j¨ gvbyl‡`i‡K MvQ KvU‡Z †jvfx K‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ Avgiv Aek¨B Rvwb †h MvQ Qvov c„w_ex‡Z †Kvb Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKv m¤¢e bq| Avgiv evZvm †_‡K Aw·‡Rb MÖnY Kwi I Kve©b WvBA·vBW Z¨vM Kwi| Acic‡¶, MvQ cvjv Kve©b WvB-A·vBW MÖnY K‡i Ges Aw·‡Rb Z¨vM K‡i| MvQ bv _vK‡j evZv‡m Aw·‡R‡bi NvUwZ n‡e| ch©vß e„wó †c‡Z MvQ Avgv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| e„wócvZ PvivMvQ‡K evo‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| hw` †Kv_vI †Kvb MvQcvjv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j f‚wgMy‡jv gi“f‚wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| MvQcvjv gvwU msi¶Y Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †hLv‡b ch©vß MvQcvjv _v‡K bv, †mLv‡b eb¨vi mgq gvwU cvwb‡Z ay‡q hv‡e| ZvQvov MvQcvjv †_‡K Avgiv KvV cvB| GB KvV w`‡q Avgiv AvmevecÎ ˆZwi Kwi| ZvB Avgv‡`i‡K MvQcvjv KvUv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwU MvQ KvwU Avgv‡`i‡K Kgc‡¶ `ywU PvivMvQ †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB Avgv‡`i †`k I we‡k¦i cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ AwaK MvQcvjv Rš§v‡bvi cÖwZ mZK© n‡Z n‡e|

The 21st February or,

International Mother Language Day

The 21st February is the Language Martyrs' Day. On this very day in 1952, Barkat, Rafiq, Jabbar, Shafiur and Salam sacrificed their lives for the honour and preservation of their dear mother tongue, Bangla. On 17 November 1999, UNESCO declared this day as International Mother Language Day. Now Ekushey February is being observed as the International Mother Language Day all over the world. The then Pakistani rulers wanted to make 'Urdu' as the state language of Pakistan by force. The people of the then East Pakistan in general, and the students of Dhaka University in particular, protested vigorously against the unjust and autocratic decision of the government. The students violated section 144 and at one stage, they were fired by the Pakistani army. Thus the heroic sons of the soil laid down their invaluable lives with a view to pressing demand for declaring Bangla as the state language of Pakistan. The Pakistani govt. at last yielded to the demand and declared Bangla as the state language of Pakistan. In commemoration of this tremendous sacrifice, and to make this historic day memorable, eventually, the Central Shaheed Minar was constructed. As such, this unforgettable Day has brought national pride, prestige and national integrity for us. Indeed, the 21st February ultimately led to the struggle for Independent Bangladesh. (Words : 215)

21 †k †deª“qvwi

A_ev, Avš@R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em

21†k †deª“qvwi fvlv knx` w`em| 1952 mv‡ji G w`‡b eiKZ, iwdK, ReŸvi, kwdDi I mvjvg gvZ…fvlv evsjvi m¤§vb i¶v‡_© Zv‡`i Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb| 1999 mv‡ji 17B b‡f¤^i ÔBD‡b‡¯‹vÕ G w`bwU‡K ÔAvš@R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`emÕ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡qwQj| GLb GKz‡k †deª“qvwi mviv we‡k¦ Avš@R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e D`&hvwcZ nq| ZrKvjxb cvwK¯@vbx kvmK‡Mvôx †Rvic–e©K D`y©‡K cvwK¯@v‡bi ivó«fvlv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| ZrKvjxb c–e© cvwK¯@v‡bi RbMY we‡kl K‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv miKv‡ii G‡nb Ab¨vq Ges ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K wm×v‡š@i Zxeª cÖwZev` Rvwb‡qwQj| QvÎiv 144 aviv j¸Nb K‡iwQj Ges GK mgq Zviv cvwK¯@vb †mbvevwnbx KZ…©K Mywjwe× n‡qwQj| Gfv‡e †`kgvZ…Kvi exi mš@v‡biv evsjv‡K cvwK¯@v‡bi ivó«fvlv †NvlYvi †Rvi `vwe‡Z Rxeb wemR©b w`‡qwQj| Ae‡k‡l cvwK¯@vb miKvi `vwe †g‡b wb‡q evsjv‡K cvwK¯@v‡bi ivó«fvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i| cwiYwZ‡Z GB gnvb Av‡Ívrm‡M©i ¯§i‡Y Ges w`bwU‡K ¯§iYxq Ki‡Z knx` wgbvi ˆZwi n‡qwQj| ZvB G Awe¯§iYxq w`bwU Avgv‡`i Rb¨ RvZxq AnsKvi, m¤§vb I RvZxq HK¨ wb‡q G‡m‡Q| e¯‘Zc‡¶, GKz‡k †deª“qvwi cwi‡k‡l evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQj|

Life of a Beggar

A beggar is a person who begs to others from door to door for his livelihood. He is usually an old, blind, crippled or disabled person. He is found in torn or patched clothes. Begging is unproductive. It does not produce anything. That is why, it is regarded as a serious social problem. Most of our people dislike a beggar. The beggars do not have any respect in the society. Begging creates a kind of low mindedness in a beggar. Disableness like blindness, deafness (m¤•–Y© ev AvswkK Kvjv) or some other disorders in body are some reasons behind it. Besides, unemployment, divorce, low life standard are some of the causes. There are some exceptions too. Sometimes, we see some beggars who are neither blind nor disabled. They try to deceive the common people by telling sad stories to get money from them. But there are some old and disabled beggars who are really helpless. We should  be sympathetic to those beggars who are really helpless. Begging has a far reaching effect in our society. I think poverty alleviation (Dckg), employment facilities, education, free treatment for some diseases can remove this problem from society. Both government and social activists should come forward to remove the problem from the society. (Words : 205)

wf¶z‡Ki Rxeb

wf¶zK Ggb GKRb e¨w³ †h RxweKvi Rb¨ A‡b¨i Øv‡i Øv‡i wf¶v K‡i| wZwb mvaviYZ GKRb e„×, AÜ, †Luvov ev cÖwZeÜx e¨w³| Zv‡K †Quov ev †bvsiv †cvkv‡K †`Lv hvq| wf¶ve„wË Abyrcv`bkxj| GwU wKQyB Drcv`b K‡i bv| GRb¨ GwU‡K gvivÍK mvgvwRK mgm¨v wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| Avgv‡`i AwaKvsk †jvKRbB wf¶zK‡K AcQ›` K‡i| mgv‡R wf¶zK‡`i †Kv‡bv m¤§vb †bB| wf¶ve„wË  wf¶zK‡`i g‡b GK ai‡bi nxbgb¨Zvi m„wó K‡i| AÜZ¡, ewaiZv, †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨ A¶gZvi gZ A¶gZv Gi wKQy KviY| GQvov †eKviZ¡, weevn we‡”Q`, bxPz Rxeb hvÎv AviI wKQy KviY| wKQy e¨wZµg †¶ÎI i‡q‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S Avgiv Ggb wf¶zK †`wL hviv AÜI bq ev A¶gI bq| UvKv cvIqvi Rb¨ Zviv Ki“Y Mí e‡j mvaviY gvbyl‡`i cÖZvwiZ Kivi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ wKQy e„× Ges A¶g wf¶zK i‡q‡Q hviv mwZ¨B Amnvq| mwZ¨Kvi Amnvq wf¶zK‡`i cÖwZ Avgv‡`i mnvbyf‚wZkxj nIqv DwPZ| mgv‡R wf¶ve„wËi A‡bK cÖfve i‡q‡Q| Avgvi g‡b nq `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, Kg©ms¯’vb myweav, wk¶v, webvg–‡j¨ wPwKrmv mgvR †_‡K GB mgm¨v `–ixf‚Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKvi Ges mgvRKg©x Df‡qi DwPZ mgvR †_‡K G mgm¨v gy‡Q †dj‡Z GwM‡q Avmv|

Load Shedding

Load Shedding is an often-heard term nowadays in our country. it means the suspension of the supply of electricity for a certain period. There are various causes of load-shedding. Insufficient production of electricity is one of them. The government of Bangladesh cannot meet the increasing demand of electricity. There are many people who misuse electricity in different ways, thus they create shortage of it. Besides, illegal connection of electricity causes load-shedding. Load shedding creates lots of problems in our daily life. Lack of electricity  means lack of production in mills and factories. Fresh food kept in the refrigerator gets rotten. In hot weather, the situation becomes worse. The surrounding of a locality becomes ghostly during load shedding at night. Snatchers (wQbZvBKvix) become active and they rob people of their money and other goods. it also disturbs the study of students. Actually, the economy of our country depends on electricity. Industrial factories are difficult to run on without electricity. Load-shedding also hampers agricultural production as power-pumps and other necessary mechanical tools are run by it. So, people should be conscious about the misuse of it. Illegal connection and system loss should be avoided. The government should plan properly and take step to solve this problem. (Words : 203)

†jvW †kwWs

†jvW-†kwWs Avgv‡`i †`‡k GKwU mycwiwPZ aviYv| GwU GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ we`y¨r ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ _vKv‡K †evSvq| †jvW-†kwWs Gi wewfbœ KviY i‡q‡Q| Ach©vß we`y¨r Drcv`b GMy‡jvi GKwU| evsjv‡`k miKvi we`y¨‡Zi µgea©gvb Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| wewfbœ †jvK wewfbœfv‡e GwUi Ace¨envi K‡i Ges Gfv‡e GwUi NvUwZ m„wó K‡i| ZvQvov  A‰ea we`y¨r ms‡hvM †jvW-†kwWs NUvq| †jvW-†kwWs Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| we`y¨‡Zi NvUwZ KjKviLvbvi Drcv`‡bi NvUwZ‡K †evSvq| wd«‡R ivLv Lv`¨ cu‡P hvq| Mi‡gi mgq Ae¯’v AviI Lvivc nq| iv‡Z †jvW-†kwWs‡qi Kvi‡Y Avkcv‡ki GjvKv f‚Zz‡o GjvKvq cwiYZ nq| wQbZvBKvixiv Zrci nq Ges gvby‡li A_© I gvjvgvj wQwb‡q †bq| GwU wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡kvbviI e¨vNvZ NUvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki A_©bxwZ we`y¨rkw³i Dci wbf©i K‡i| we`y¨r Qvov wkí-KviLvbv Pvjv‡bv KwVb| †jvW †kwWs K…wlR cY¨ Drcv`b‡KI evavMÖ¯@ K‡i KviY cvIqvi-cv¤• I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿ Gi gva¨‡g P‡j| ZvB †jvKRb‡K GwUi Ace¨envi m¤•‡K© m‡PZb nIqv DwPZ| A‰ea ms‡hvM I hvwš¿K ¶wZ Gwo‡q Pjv DwPZ| miKv‡ii mwVK cwiKíbv Kiv DwPZ Ges GB mgm¨v mgvav‡b c`‡¶c †bIqv DwPZ|

Climate change

Changes in the earth’s weather including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall refer to as climate change. Climate change is a long term change in weather patterns over a long period of time. It is now a major global concern. Greenhouse gases that include carbon dioxide, methane and CFC are the main causes of this climate change. Our atmosphere which is guarded by an ozone layer resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun causing greenhouse effect. Climate change is the worst of all the problems that affect all the flora and fauna of the environment. Bangladesh, being a low-lying land, may become the worst victim of it. There are many plants and animals that are vulnerable to climate change. The summer and rainy seasons are already prolonging and winter is shrinking. The river banks are being eroded and crop land is being reduced. Besides, saline water is intruding into the rivers in the coastal areas resulting in damage to farm lands. Moreover, floods, droughts and other disasters hit the country more frequently nowadays. Over the past century, sea level has risen by 10 to 20 centimetres as a result of global warming. The Sundarbans, world’s largest mangrove forest is also at severe risk. All these lead to more landless people and climate refugees in the country. (Words : 219)

Rjevqy cwieZ©b

ZvcgvÎv, evqyi MwZcÖK…wZ I e„wócv‡Zi cwieZ©bmn c„w_exi AvenvIqvi cwieZ©b‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ejv nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©b n‡”Q AvenvIqvi MwZ cÖK…wZi `xN©¯’vqx cwieZ©b| GwU GLb wek¦ Ry‡o `ywðš@vi GK cÖavb welq| Kve©b WvBA·vBW, wg‡_b I wmGdwm aviY Kiv wMÖbnvDR M¨vm Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi g–j KviY| GKwU I‡Rvb ¯@i Øviv cÖwZi¶v cÖvß Avgv‡`i evqygÊj m–h© †_‡K Avmv AwZ †eMybx iwk¥i cÖ‡ek‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i Avi GUvB wMÖbnvDm cÖfve m„wó K‡i| Gme mgm¨vi g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b me‡P‡q Lvivc KviY Zv cwi‡e‡ki mKj MvQcvjv I ckycvwLi Dci weiƒc cÖfve m„wó K‡i| wbæf‚wg evsjv‡`k Gi Ki“YZg wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| eû MvQcvjv I cÖvYx Av‡Q †hMy‡jv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kv‡Q Amnvq| B‡Zvg‡a¨B MÖx®§ I el©vKvj cÖjw¤^Z n‡”Q Ges kxZKvj msKzwPZ n‡”Q| b`xZxi ¶qcÖvß n‡”Q Ges Pv‡li Rwg K‡g hv‡”Q| cvkvcvwk, b`xMy‡jv‡Z †jvbv cvwb wgwkÖZ n‡q K…wlRwgi ¶q¶wZi KviY n‡”Q| Zvi Ici, †`k GLb AviI Nb Nb eb¨v, Liv I Ab¨vb¨ `y‡h©vM Øviv cxwoZ nq| MZ kZvãx‡Z ˆewk¦K DòZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y mgy`ªmxgv 10 †_‡K 20 †mw›UwgUvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i me©e„nr g¨vb‡MÖvf eb my›`ieb I e¨vcK SuywK‡Z Av‡Q| Gme †`‡k AviI f‚wgnxb †jvK I RjevqyMZ DØv¯‘i msL¨v evwo‡q Zzj‡Q|

Book Fair

Nowadays book fairs are well-known to most of the  people both in villages and towns. A book fair is a display of a great stock of books of various interests. Every year many book fairs are held in different places of our country. In the national days such as 21st February, 16th December, 26th March and also in the new year book fairs are arranged. the two main book fairs held in our country are the Ekushey Boi mela and the Dhaka Boi Mela. A book fair is very much popular. Readers can purchase their desired books. Authors also meet their favourite readers. This year I visited the book fair arranged by the Bangla Academy on 21st  February. Everywhere there was a  festive look. various publication companies hire stalls. many types of necessary articles are found there. all kinds of books such as drama, novel, poetry, adventure, biography, translation are usually found. New writers often arrange discussion programmes on their new books. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in such a fair. Actually, books are the best  companions and a book fair only gives us opportunities to seek books from a great collection. if we can arrange a disciplined book fair, the fair will be successful. (Words : 207)

eB‡gjv

eZ©gv‡b eB‡gjv MÖvg I kni Dfq GjvKvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q mycwiwPZ| eB‡gjv nj wewfbœ ai‡bi I wewfbœ †KŠZ‚njmg„× eB‡qi cÖ`k©bx| cÖwZeQi Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b eB‡gjv AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| RvZxq w`emMy‡jv‡Z †hgb 21  †deª“qvwi, 16 wW‡m¤^i, 26 gvP© Ges bee‡l©i w`‡b eB‡gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k AbywôZ `ywU cÖavb eB‡gjv nj GKz‡k eB‡gjv I XvKv eB‡gjv| eB‡gjv LyeB RbwcÖq| cvVKiv Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i eB wKb‡Z cv‡i| †jLKivI Zv‡`i wcÖq cvVK‡`i mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z cv‡i| G eQi evsjv GKv‡Wwg KZ…©K Av‡qvwRZ 21 †deª“qvwi eB‡gjv Avwg ågY K‡iwQ| †mLv‡b me©Î DrmegyLi cwi‡ek wQj| wewfbœ cÖKvkbx †Kv¤•vwb †`vKvb fvov K‡iwQj| wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq iPbv †mLv‡b cvIqv hvq| †mLv‡b mKj ai‡bi eB †hgb bvUK, Dcb¨vm, KweZv, Awfhvb, Rxebx, Abyev` BZ¨vw` eB cvIqv hvq| bZzb †jLKiv Zv‡`i eB m¤•‡K© Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| eB‡gjvq †mwgbvi I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡biI Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ eB Avgv‡`i me©‡kÖô eÜz Ges eB †gjv Avgv‡`i wewfbœ ai‡bi eB msMÖ‡ni my‡hvM `vb K‡i| hw` Avgiv myk„¸Lj eB‡gjv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j eB‡gjv mdj n‡e|

Culture

Culture means the established customs and beliefs, art, ways of life etc of a particular society or of a country. The culture of a nation reflects its ideas, attitudes and social condition. The elements of culture are its own language, thoughts about the bad and good, ways of working. They also include its literature, music, games and sports, the means and objects made and used by the people in that society. A human being is the most important element of a society. We can study a person by observing his frequent activities. In the same way we can study a society by observing the remarkable ways and modes of life of that particular society. There are various societies in the world and so there are different cultures. A traditional and established mode of belief and behaviour in one culture may prove unsuitable in another culture. The modes of behaviour in Asian societies are often conservative. But in western countries they are much frank and relaxed. Cultures vary from one society to another. Our music has notable distinction; while western music mainly relies on instruments. When the cultural traits of some country have a remarkable impact on the culture of a foreign country, it is called cultural assault. Now our culture is being westernized in many ways; our literature, music, painting and even our life-style are gradually changing. (Words : 227)

ms¯‹…wZ

ms¯‹…wZ gv‡b n‡”Q GKwU wbw`©ó mgvR A_ev GKwU †`‡ki cÖwZwôZ cÖ_v Ges wek¦vm, wkí, Rxeb cÖYvjx BZ¨vw`| GKwU †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ Zvi aviYv, `„wófw½ Ges mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i| ms¯‹…wZi Dcv`vbMy‡jv n‡”Q Zvi wbR¯^ fvlv, fv‡jv I g›` m¤•‡K© aviYv, Kv‡Ri c×wZ| mvwnZ¨, m½xZ, †Ljva–jv, ixwZbxwZ Ges e¯‘mg–n hv mgv‡Ri †jv‡Kiv e¨envi K‡i Gm‡ei Aš@fz©³| gvbyl mgv‡Ri GKwU Myi“Z¦c–Y© Dcv`vb| Avgiv GKRb e¨w³‡K g–j¨vqb Kwi Zvi cÖvqkt KvRKg© ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| GKBfv‡e Avgiv GKwU mgvR‡K g–j¨vqb Kwi Zvi Rxeb cÖYvjx Ges D‡j­L‡hvM¨ bxwZmg–n ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| c„w_ex‡Z wewfbœ mgvR †hgb i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZI i‡q‡Q| GKwU ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cÖPwjZ Ges cÖwZwôZ wek¦vm Ges AvPiYwewa Ab¨ ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Abyc‡hvMx cÖgvwYZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gwkqvi mvgvwRK AvPiY i¶Ykxj| wKš@y cvðv‡Z¨i †`kMy‡jv‡Z GMy‡jv A‡bK AKcU I ms¯‹vigy³| mgvR‡f‡` ms¯‹…wZ wfbœ nq| Avgv‡`i m½x‡Zi D‡j­L‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b cwðgv m½xZ g–jZ: ev`¨h‡š¿i Dci wbf©ikxj| hLb †Kv‡bv †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Ab¨ †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZi D‡j­L‡hvM¨ cÖfve c‡o, ZLb Zv‡K mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb e‡j| Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ GLb wewfbœfv‡e cvðvZ¨KiY n‡”Q; Avgv‡`i mvwnZ¨, m½xZ, wPÎKg© GgbwK Avgv‡`i RxebavivI µgvš^‡q cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q|

Natural Hazards/Natural Calamities

Natural hajards/calamities pose a great threat to the ecological balance of a country. Natural calamities such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes and erosion etc. are very dangerous by nature. Bangladesh is called a land of natural calamities. It is becoming more and more harmful these days. Nowadays it can be very ruinous (¶wZMÖ¯@) to make millions of people its victims in a second. Fires, droughts, earthquakes, violent storm, flood, river erosion are the most common natural calamities. Every year cyclone destroys our lives and properties, floods take away all things to the river and sea, earthquakes destroy our lives and homes. Cold winter, mist storm impede (e¨vnZ Kiv ev evav †`Iqv) our normal works of everyday life and sometimes destroy man. this is not all, nature is also losing its balance for ever increasing heat created from carbon dioxide. So, greenhouse effect is swelling (ùxZ Kiv) the normal level of sea water. After any natural disaster, people who become shelterless have to depend on the relief and charity of other people. Actually, we become miserable in any calamities. We cannot resist (†iva Kiv) them. We can only take some steps to lessen the misery of the victims. We can create consciousness among people and train them how to protect them from the grim and grave natural hazards. (Words : 217)

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM GKwU †`‡ki ev¯@e¨we`¨vmsµvš@ fvimv‡g¨i cÖwZ weivU ûgwK ¯^iƒc| eb¨v, NywY©So, f‚wgK¤• Ges ¶qmva‡bi gZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM cÖK…wZMZfv‡e Lye fqsKi/wec¾bK| evsjv‡`k‡K cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi †`k ejv nq| GwU eZ©gv‡b AviI ¶wZKi n‡q D‡V‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GwU GK †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ j¶ j¶ gvbyl‡K aŸs‡mi wkKv‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| AMœyrcvZ, Liv, f‚wgK¤•, cÖPÊ So, eb¨v, b`x fv½b BZ¨vw` cÖavb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM| cÖwZeQi N–wY©So Avgv‡`i Rxeb I m¤•` aŸsm K‡i †`q, eb¨v mewKQy‡K b`x I mvM‡ii MnŸ‡i wb‡q hvq, f‚wgK¤• Avgv‡`i Rxeb, evwoNi aŸsm K‡i| kxZj kxZ, Av`ª© So Avgv‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi ¯^vfvweK Rxeb evavMÖ¯@ K‡i Ges gv‡S gv‡S gvbyl‡K aŸsm K‡i| GwUB †kl bq, Kve©b-WvB A·vBW n‡Z DËvc e„w×i Kvi‡Y cÖK…wZI Gi fvimvg¨ nviv‡”Q| myZivs MÖxbnvDR cÖfve mgy‡`ªi ¯^vfvweK Rjmxgv ùxZ K‡i Zzj‡Q| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi ci †hme †jvKRb AvkÖqnxb n‡q c‡o Zv‡`i‡K A‡b¨i Îvb I `vbkxjZvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †h‡Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡M Avgiv †kvPbxq n‡q cwo| Avgiv GMy‡jv †iva Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avgiv ïaygvÎ Avµvš@ gvby‡li `ytL Kgv‡Z cvwi| Avgiv †jvKR‡bi gv‡S m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z cvwi Ges Kxfv‡e cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvIqv hvq Zv cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z cvwi|

Satellite TV Channels : A Source of Cultural Interaction

Satellite TV is one of the greatest achievements of modern science. Now, it is regarded as the medium of information, entertainment, telecast, education and many others. It can telecast any programme live from the remotest (`–ieZx©) part of the world. With the help of satellite, world has turned into a global village. Satellite TV has added a new dimension (gvÎv) to our oriental life providing many programmes through different channels. It's not only a good medium of recreation but also a source of educational knowledge. Different channels telecast various educative dramas, movies, sports, cultural functions, news and documentaries. It brings us the information regarding states, economics, politics, anthropology, geography, science, literature, archaeology and the art and culture of every country of the world. But, on the other hand, many people especially young generations are getting hampered and we all are now forgetting our own customs, traditions, music and culture. Very often obscene (AkЭxj) pictures and vulgar movies and programmes are shown in various satellite channels. Young generations are becoming more and more addicted to them. Moreover, most of us want to follow the dress pattern, hairstyle, behaviour, music and nudity of the westerners. This mentality is leading our young generations to moral degradation (gh©v`vnvwb; c` åóZv). So, we all should be conscious of that. (Words : 222)

m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf P¨v‡bj : mvs¯‹…wZK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi GKwU Drm

m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf n‡”Q AvaywbK weÁv‡bi GK eo AR©b| GLb GUv‡K Z_¨, we‡bv`b, m¤•ÖPvi, wk¶v Ges AviI A‡bK wKQyi gva¨g wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| GUv we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv `–ieZ©x AÂj †_‡K mivmwi †cÖvMÖvg m¤•ÖPvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ c„w_exUv ˆewk¦K MÖv‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g A‡bK †cÖvMÖvg cÖPvi K‡i Avgv‡`i cÖvP¨ Rxe‡bi mv‡_ GKUv bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q| GUv ïay we‡bv`‡biB fv‡jv gva¨g bq, wk¶vMZ Áv‡bi DrmI e‡U| wewfbœ ai‡bi P¨v‡bj wewfbœ cÖKvi wk¶vg–jK bvUK, QvqvQwe, †Ljvayjv, mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb, msev` I Z_¨-DcvË m¤•ÖPvi K‡i _v‡K| GUv Avgv‡`i‡K ivó«, A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, b„ZZ¡ weÁvb, f‚‡Mvj, weÁvb, mvwnZ¨, cÖZœwe`¨v Ges we‡k¦i cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki wkíKg© I ms¯‹…wZi Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ Acic‡¶, A‡bK †jvK we‡kl K‡i hyeK †jv‡Kiv ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡”Q Ges Avgiv mevB Avgv‡`i ixwZ-bxwZ, HwZn¨, msMxZ Ges ms¯‹…wZ fz‡j hvw”Q| cÖvqB wewfbœ m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡b‡j Ak­xj Qwe Ges AgvwR©Z QvqvQwe I Kg©m–Px †`Lv‡bv nq| hyeK m¤•Ö`vq Zv‡`i cÖwZ †ewk Avm³ n‡q co‡Q| AwaKš‘, Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ AwaKvsk †jvK Zv‡`i †cvkv‡Ki aib, Pz‡ji aib, AvPvi-AvPiY, msMxZ cvðvZ¨‡`i bMœZv AbymiY Ki‡Z Pvq| GB gvbwmKZv Avgv‡`i hyeK m¤•Ö`vq‡K ˆbwZK AatcZ‡bi w`‡K avweZ Ki‡Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i mevB‡K GUv m¤•‡K© mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e|

Water Pollution

Pollution is the process of making the element of environment dirty. The elements of environment such as water, air, soil etc are getting polluted every day.  Of all the pollutions, water pollution is the most threatening to our life. Water, a vital element of the environment, is also polluted in different ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain and floods wash away some of these chemicals get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and human waste into them. Insanitary latrines and unsafe drains standing on river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Furthermore, Kutcha drains running into the canals and rivers cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use but polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many ways. We suffer from cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery and many other water-borne diseases when we drink polluted water. We should refrain from throwing waste and filth into water to minimize water pollution. However, it is important to note that water is life, but polluted water causes death. (Words : 218)

cvwb `–lY

`–lY Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vbMy‡jv‡K †bvsiv K‡i †`q| cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb †hgb- cvwb, evZvm, gvwU BZ¨vw` cÖwZw`b  `–wlZ n‡”Q| mKj `–l‡Yi g‡a¨ cvwb `–lY Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b me‡P‡q fqsKi| cwi‡e‡ki GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Dcv`vb cvwb wewfbœfv‡e `–wlZ n‡”Q| gvbyl cvwb‡Z gqjv-AveR©bv wb‡¶c K‡i GUv‡K `–wlZ K‡i| K…l‡Kiv Zv‡`i dm‡ji gv‡V ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨envi K‡i| hLb e„wói cvwb ev eb¨v G‡`i wKQy Dcv`vb‡K ay‡q wb‡q hvq, †mMy‡jv b`x, Lvj I cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z wM‡q wg‡k| KjKviLvbvMy‡jvI Zv‡`i welv³ ivmvqwbK c`v_© I eR©¨ c`v_© b`x I Lv‡ji cvwb‡Z †d‡j w`‡”Q Avi Gfv‡e cvwb `–wlZ n‡”Q| RjhvbMy‡jv ˆZj, Lvevi eR©¨ Ges gvbe eR©¨ cvwb‡Z †d‡j b`xi cvwb‡K `–wlZ K‡i| A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbv Ges Awbivc` cqtwb®‹vkb hv b`x Ges Lv‡ji Zx‡i Aew¯’Z †mMy‡jvI `–l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx| AwaKš‘, Lvj I b`x‡Z cÖevngvb KvPv bvjv/†Wªb cvwb `–lY NUvq, cwi®‹vi cvwb e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wbivc` wKš‘ `–wlZ cvwb gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi| cvwb `–lY bvbvfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| `–wlZ cvwb cvb K‡i Avgiv K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq Ges Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK cvwbevwnZ †iv‡M fz‡M _vwK| cvwb `–lY Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ cvwb‡Z eR©¨ AveR©bv †djv †_‡K Avgv‡`i weiZ _vKv DwPZ| hv‡nvK, D‡j­L Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb †h, cvwb n‡”Q Rxeb, wKš‘ `–wlZ cvwb g„Zz¨ NUvq|

Globalization

At present, globalization is an often-heard term all over the world. globalization is mainly connected with business, trade and international relations by creating a borderless world. The world has now become a global village. with the development of hi-tech communication, media and rapid transportation facilities, countries of the world become families of the global village. But, in the name of help and co-operation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting (†kvlY Kiv) the poorer countries in many respects. they are superimposing (Pvwc‡q †`Iqv) globalization on the poorly educated and poorly trained labour force with poor system of developing countries. The exploited and impoverished workers of the developing countries are no match for a globally powerful capitalism. As a result, the gap between wealth and poverty is ever widening. Besides, under the influence of globalization, global cultures are steadily getting integrated (GKxf‚Z) with local cultures. It is feared that globalization will affect our culture adversely by exposing it to foreign and by intruding many foreign customs and beliefs in our culture. But, to make our world a better living place we must ensure solidarity, peace and justice all over the world. Globalization is a good concept which can bring happiness to every nation only when it can ensure equity everywhere. (Words : 208)

wek¦vqb

eZ©gv‡b wek¦vqb n‡”Q mviv we‡k¦ GKwU cwiwPZ kã| wek¦vqb cÖavbZ e¨emv, evwYR¨ I Avš@R©vwZK m¤•‡K©i †¶‡Î mxgvnxb wek¦ m„wó Kivi mv‡_ m¤•„³| c„w_exUv GLb ˆewk¦K MÖv‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| D”PcÖhyw³i †hvMv‡hvMe¨e¯’v, wgwWqvi Dbœqb I `ª“Z cwienY myweavi mv‡_ we‡k¦i †`kMy‡jv ˆewk¦K MÖv‡gi cwiev‡i cwiYZ nq| wKš‘ mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZvi bv‡g wk‡ívbœZ cuywRev`x †`kMy‡jv wewfbœ †¶‡Î `wi`ª †`kMy‡jv‡K †kvlY Ki‡Q| Zviv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki wbægv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvq Aí wkw¶Z I Aí cÖwk¶YcÖvß kÖwgK‡`i Dci wek¦vqb Pvwc‡q w`‡”Q| Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki †kvwlZ I `wi`ª kÖwgKiv we‡k¦i kw³kvjx cuywRev‡`i mv‡_ Zvj wgjv‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j, m¤•` I `wi`ªZvi g‡a¨ e¨eavbUv AviI †ewk n‡”Q| ZvQvov, wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e ¯’vbxq ms¯‹…wZ wek¦ ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ k³fv‡e GKxf‚Z n‡”Q| fq n‡”Q †h we‡`wk ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ gy‡LvgywL n‡q Ges A‡bK we‡`wk ixwZ-bxwZ I wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Aš@f©y³ n‡q Avgv‡`i †`kxq ms¯‹…wZ gvivÍKfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡e| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i wek¦‡K emev‡mi Rb¨ fv‡jv RvqMv wn‡m‡e M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡j mviv we‡k¦ Avgv‡`i‡K GKvËZv, kvwš@ I b¨vq wePv‡ii wbðqZv mvab Ki‡Z n‡e| wek¦vqb n‡”Q GKUv fv‡jv aviYv hv cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi Rb¨ kvwš@ wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i hLb me©ÎB mgZv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|

Dowry System

Dowry is an unexpected custom in our society. Like other social evils, it is a curse. At present, it is practised in both educated and uneducated families. Guardians buy bridegrooms for their daughters by offering money, jewellery and  furniture. Greed for money and wealth is the main cause of dowry. Most of the bridegrooms think that it is their right to have money and wealth when they marry because they have a negative attitude towards women. Bridegrooms think that as they provide women with everything, they must pay for the establishment of their husbands. this evil practice affects our society very much. It creates panic in the mind of the guardians who have daughters yet to marry. very often in newspaper, we read about untold torture women have to face for the non-payment of dowry. As a conscious citizen, I greatly oppose this system. It should be eliminated (`–i Kiv) as soon as possible. We have to create awareness among people about its bad effect in the society. Female persons should be aware of their dignity and right. they have to be educated and contribute to their family as much as possible. If this is done, this social curse can be eliminated. (Words : 203)

†hŠZzK cÖ_v

†hŠZzK Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri GKwU AcÖZ¨vwkZ cÖ_v| Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK cv‡ci gZ, GwU GKwU Awfkvc| eZ©gvb wkw¶Z I Awkw¶Z Dfq cwiev‡iB GB cÖ_vi PP©v Kiv nq| AwffveKiv UvKv, Aj¼vi I AvmevecÎ BZ¨vw`i †jvf †`wL‡q Zv‡`i Kb¨v‡`i Rb¨ ei ev cvÎ µq K‡i| A_© m¤•‡`i †jvf †hŠZz‡Ki cÖavb KviY| AwaKvsk cvÎ g‡b K‡i †h we‡qi mgq UvKv †bIqv Zv‡`i AwaKvi KviY gwnjv‡`i cÖwZ Zv‡`i fvebv †bwZevPK| cvÎiv g‡b K‡i †h Zviv †hgb †g‡q‡`i mewKQyi fiY‡cvlY Ki‡Q †Zgwb Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZwôZ nevi Rb¨ UvKv †`Iqv DwPZ| GB AccÖ_vi PP©v mgv‡Ri A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i| †hme Awffve‡Ki weevn‡hvM¨ Kb¨v Av‡Q GwU Zv‡`i g‡b `ywðš@v m„wó K‡i| cÖvqB Avgiv msev`c‡Î cwo †h, †hŠZzK bv w`‡Z cvivq †g‡q‡`i Dci AgvbweK wbh©vZb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb m‡PZb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Avwg GB cÖ_vi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Kwi| hZ`ª“Z m¤¢e GwU wbg–©j Kiv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i‡K GwUi †bwZevPK w`KMy‡jv m¤•‡K© RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| †g‡q‡`i‡K Zv‡`i m¤§vb I AwaKvi m¤•‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i‡K wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡e Ges hZUzKz m¤¢e cwiev‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Z n‡e| GwU Ki‡Z cvi‡j, GB mvgvwRK Awfkvc `–i Kiv hv‡e|

Gender Equality

Gender equality means the practice of treating any gender fairly. It is very important in every society through the whole world. According to the United Nations, gender equality is regarded the first and foremost human right. But in Bangladesh the condition of gender equality is different. In our society we notice that female persons are the worst sufferers of gender inequality. There are many barriers in our country. From the birth of a male child, he gets the most facilities from the society. On the contrary, from the very birth of a female child, gender disparity starts and ends with her death. Our society is dominated by the males. They think that male child will earn money for the family and female child will do only domestic chores. So, male children are always welcomed. There are many reasons for these barriers. The male dominated society is responsible firstly. Then poverty, illiteracy, the disparity of attitude are also responsible for gender inequality or barriers. Gender equality is important for social development. It is not possible for male people to change the socio-economy without gender equality. The old tradition should be changed. Awareness among the general people and the government should be increased. All should work hand in hand to develop our country. (Words : 211)

wj½ mgZv

wj½ mgZv ej‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv wj‡½i mv‡_ fv‡jv e¨envi‡K eySvq| GwU mviv we‡k¦ cÖwZwU mgv‡RB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| RvwZmsN Abymv‡i wj½ mgZv‡K me‡P‡q Myi“Z¡c–Y© gvbweK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k wj½ mgZvi Ae¯’v wfbœ| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R Avgiv †`wL †h, bvixiv Pigfv‡e wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k A‡bK evav i‡q‡Q| GKRb †Q‡j mš@vb Rš§ †_‡KB mgv‡Ri A‡bK my‡hvM-myweav MÖnY K‡i| Acic‡¶, GKRb †g‡q mš@vb Rš§ †_‡KB wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq hv g„Zz¨i AvM ch©š@ Pj‡Z _v‡K| Avgv‡`i mgvR n‡”Q cyi“l kvwmZ mgvR e¨e¯’v| Zviv wPš@v K‡i †h †Q‡j mš@vbiv cwiev‡ii Rb¨ UvKv Avq Ki‡e Avi †g‡q mš@vbiv M„n¯’vwji KvR Ki‡e| ZvB †Q‡j mš@vb‡`i me mgq ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv nq| GB evavMy‡jvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ cyi“l kvwmZ mgvR Gi Rb¨ `vqx| Zvici `vwi`ª¨, wbi¶iZv, `„wófw½i AmgZvI wj½ ˆel‡g¨i Rb¨ `vqx| wj½ mgZv mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Lye Myi“Z¡c–Y©| wj½ mgZv Qvov cyi“l †jvK‡`i c‡¶ mvgvwRK-A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| cyivZb ixwZ-bxwZ cwieZ©b Kiv DwPZ| miKvi I mvaviY †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i †`k‡K DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i mevB‡K GK mv‡_ KvR Kiv DwPZ|

Eve Teasing

Eve teasing, often known as "Sexual harassment", is a regular occurrence for the women and girls of Bangladesh. It is a malpractice of male person and it is inserted upon a female person physically and mentally with a bad intention in different ways. So, if any male person intends to insult the modesty of any female, utters any negative word, makes any sound or gesture or exhibits any object intending that such word shall be heard, or that such gesture or object shall be seen by that very woman is called eve teasing. Extremely restricted mentality and overly conservative attitude on sexuality provoke eve teasing. Lack of education is one of the causes of eve teasing. Lack of moral values and free exposure to ultra modern fashion also cause eve teasing. There are also some impacts of eve teasing. It increases girls' drop out rate from school. Girls who are teased are also pushed into marriage before they are physically or mentally prepared. Establishing human rights, empowering rural governance & ensuring gender parity could be the effective tools for removing this social curse. Education system must be modified in a way as to promote positive relationship between girls and boys, especially at younger age. (Words : 204)

bvix D˨³KiY

bvix‡`i D˨³KiY hv Ò†hŠb nqivwbÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ, hv evsjv‡`‡ki bvix I †g‡q‡`i †¶‡Î GKwU mPivPi NUbv| GUv n‡”Q cyi“l‡`i GKUv e` Af¨vm Ges GUv wewfbœfv‡e Lvivc wPš@v gv_vq wb‡q kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e gwnjv‡`i Dci cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ZvB hw` †Kv‡bv cyi“l †jvK †Kv‡bv bvixi kvjxbZv‡K Acgvb Kivi †Póv K‡i, †Kv‡bv †bwZevPK kã D”PviY K‡i, †Kv‡bv kã ev A½fw½ m„wó K‡i A_ev †kvbv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv‡bv AvcwË cÖ`k©b K‡i A_ev H A½fw½ ev AvcwË H bvix‡K †`Lv‡bv hvq, Zv‡K bvix D˨³KiY ejv nq| AZ¨š@ mxgve× gvbwmKZv A_ev †hŠbZvi Dci gvÎvwZwi³ i¶YkxjZv bvix D˨³Zvq cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| wk¶vi Afve bvix D˨³Zvi GKwU KviY| ˆbwZK
g–j¨‡ev‡ai Afve Ges AZ¨vaywbK d¨vkb RM‡Zi cÖwZ cÖej AvMÖn I bvix D˨‡³i KviY| bvix D˨³Zvi wKQy cÖfveI i‡q‡Q| GwU †g‡q‡`i‡K we`¨vjq †_‡K S‡o covi msL¨v e„w× K‡i| †h mKj †g‡q‡`i D˨³ Kiv nq, Zv‡`i‡K kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z nIqvi c–‡e©B weev‡ni Rb¨ Pvc †`Iqv nq| bvix‡`i AwaKvi cÖwZôv, MÖvg miKvi e¨e¯’v kw³kvjx Kiv Ges wj½ mgZv wbwðZ Kiv GB mvgvwRK Awfkvc `–i Kivi cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K Ggbfv‡e †X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Q‡j I †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU BwZevPK m¤•K© M‡o I‡V, we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvi eq‡m|

Our Liberation War/War of Independence

Liberation/Independence means freedom. So, liberation war/war of independence  means the war which is fought for the freedom of a country from foreign domination. The emergence of Bangladesh is a history of grief (†kvK) and pride. It came into being in 1971 after a great war against the then Pakistani occupying (`L‡j ivLv) forces. After the British, they exploited us economically, socially, politically and above all militarily. But, the heroes of the soil did not tolerate their exploitation. They raised their arms and compelled the occupying forces to leave the country. On March 26, the liberation war started. In this war, thousands of people were killed in the hands of the Pakistani force. The Mukti Bahini fought against them and resisted (cÖwZnZ Kiv) them in land, water and even by air everywhere in Bangladesh. They fought for long nine months against the Pakistanis and made a free country on 16 December, 1971. This is the fastest victory against an occupying force in the world history. We celebrate our liberation with fervour and enthusiasm (cÖej Drmv‡ni mv‡_). We show our respect bowing down our heads in front of the National Memorial at Savar. We organise various seminars, symposiums (mfv, m‡¤§jb) and cultural functions to celebrate this day. (Words : 202)

Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv hy×

¯^vaxbZv gv‡b n‡”Q gyw³| ZvB ¯^vaxbZv hy× gv‡b Ggb GK hy× hv †`k‡K we‡`wk AvwacZ¨ †_‡K gy³ Kivi hy× †evSvq| evsjv‡`‡ki Avwef©ve n‡”Q †kvK I AnsKv‡ii GK BwZnvm| GwU 1971 mv‡ji cvwK¯@vbx `Lj`vi evwnbxi wei“‡× GK e¨vcK hy‡×i gva¨‡g Rš§ jvf K‡i| weªwUkiv Avgv‡`i‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e, mvgvwRKfv‡e, ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Ges m‡e©vcwi mvgwiKfv‡e †kvlY K‡iwQj| wKš‘ †`‡ki ex‡iiv Zv‡`i †kvlY‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv Zv‡`i A¯¿ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q Ges `Lj`vi evwnbx‡K †`k Qvo‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q| 26†k gvP© ¯^vaxbZv hy× ïi“ n‡qwQj| †mB hy‡× cvKevwnbxi nv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi †jvK gviv hvq| gyw³ evwnbxiv Zv‡`i wei“‡× hy× K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡`i‡K f‚wg, Rj Ges GgbwK AvKvk c‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki me©ÎB cÖwZnZ K‡iwQj| Zviv cvwK¯@vbx evwnbxi wei“‡× `xN© bq gvm hy× K‡i Ges 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i GKwU ¯^vaxb †`k MVb K‡i| GwU n‡”Q wek¦ BwZnv‡m GKwU `Lj`vix kw³i wei“‡× me‡P‡q `ª“ZZg ¯^vaxbZv| Avgiv cÖej Drmvn I DÏxcbvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv‡K D`hvcb Kwi| Avgiv mvfv‡i Aew¯’Z RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai mvg‡b `uvwo‡q Avgv‡`i gv_v‡K bZ K‡i kÖ×v Ávcb Kwi| Avgiv wewfbœ mfv-mgv‡ek, †mwgbvi I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g w`bwU D`hvcb Kwi|

My Childhood Memories

I often remember the memories of my childhood. I was born in a small village named Hulerhat on the bank of the river Kajolia. It was a place of scenic (g‡bvig) beauty. There were many trees, ponds, green fields in the village. I used to pass my childhood days playing with other village children. They all behaved with me with heart. I started my education at the village primary school when I was 6 years old. I have so many sweet memories of my childhood. Green fields, riverbanks were my playgrounds. We passed our time playing in the fields, flying kites in the sky, exploring the jungle, picking up fruits from the trees and so on. An incident of my childhood still haunts (cÖvqk D`q nIqv) me. Once I got lost as I followed a group of people who were rendering songs from door to door. Luckily friend of mine saw me crying and he took me to my home. I embraced (Rwo‡q aiv) my mother and promised not to leave her again. But, my happy days did not last long. My father had to come to town on service purpose and we also came with him. Now, I am a young man but I will ever cherish (jvjb) the sweet memories of my happy childhood spent in the charming environment of my village. (Words : 223)

Avgvi ˆkke ¯§„wZ

Avwg cÖvqB Avgvi ˆkk‡ei K_v g‡b Kwi| KvRwjqv b`xi Zx‡i ûjvinvU bvgK MÖv‡g Avwg Rš§MÖnY Kwi| GwU wQj GK g‡bvig †mŠ›`‡h©i RvqMv| GB MÖv‡g A‡bK MvQcvjv, cyKzi, meyR gvV wQj| MÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i mv‡_ †Ljvayjv K‡i Avwg Avgvi ˆkke AwZµg KiZvg| Zviv mevB Avgvi mv‡_ Lye fv‡jv AvPiY KiZ| Avwg 6 eQi eq‡m MÖv‡gi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wk¶v ïi“ K‡iwQjvg| Avgvi ˆkk‡ei A‡bK my›`i my›`i ¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q| meyR gvV, b`xi Zxi wQj Avgvi †Ljvi gvV| Avgiv gv‡V †L‡j, AvKv‡k Nywo Dwo‡q, R½‡j Nyiv‡div K‡i, MvQ †_‡K dj †c‡o Ges AviI A‡bK wKQy K‡i Avgv‡`i mgq KvUvZvg| ˆkkeKv‡ji GKwU NUbv GLbI Avgv‡K Zvov K‡i| hviv evwo evwo Mvb †M‡q †eovq Zv‡`i AbymiY K‡i GKw`b Avwg nvwi‡q wM‡qwQjvg| fvM¨µ‡g Avgvi GK eÜz Avgv‡K Kuv`‡Z †`‡L Ges †m Avgv‡K Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z wb‡q hvq| Avwg Avgvi gv‡K Rwo‡q awi Ges Zv‡K †Q‡o Avi KL‡bv †Kv_vI bv †h‡Z cÖwZÁv Kwi| wKš‘ Avgvi my‡Li w`b †ewk w`b ¯’vqx nqwb| Avgvi evev‡K PvKzixi D‡Ï‡k¨ kn‡i Avm‡Z nq Ges AvgivI Zvi mv‡_ G‡mwQjvg| GLb Avwg GKRb hyeK wKš‘ Avwg Avgvi g‡bvig MÖvg¨ cwi‡e‡k Avgvi ˆkkeKvj AwZevwnZ Kivi gayi ¯§„wZMy‡jv me mgqB jvjb Kie|

My First Day at College

The first day of my college life is one of the few evergreen memories of my life. I got admitted to Faujdarhat Cadet College, Chittagong and was waiting for attending classes with excitement. i was thrilled (wknwiZ nIqv) with joy at 9 am on July 20, 2013 because this was the time I entered the college campus. It is a famous college. i attended five classes that day. The first class was on English taken by a female teacher who had a very strong personality. She was very friendly. Previously, I was anxious about the behaviour of the teachers and after attending her class, all my fears had gone. Then we attended bangla, Physics, chemistry and biology classes. Other teachers were also very friendly. As all of us were new-comers there, we talked to each other and became friends within a short time. All of us visited the library, the laboratory, the auditorium. They were very much resourceful. The library was full of famous books. There were newspapers, magazines for students. The laboratory was also well-equipped. The auditorium was very attractive to look at. then we came the students' common room. It was a huge room with various items of indoor games. It was a great experience. I will cherish the memory of this day for ever. (Words : 217)

K‡j‡R Avgvi cÖ_g w`b

K‡j‡R cÖ_g w`‡bi ¯§„wZ Avgvi Rxe‡bi wPi¯§iYxq ¯§„wZMy‡jvi GKwU| Avwg PÆMÖv‡gi †dŠR`vinvU K¨v‡WU K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡qwQjvg Ges D‡ËRbvi mv‡_ D‡Øvabx K¬v‡mi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQjvg| 2013 mv‡ji 20 †k RyjvB mKvj 9 Uvq Avwg LyeB †ivgvwÂZ wQjvg KviY G mg‡q Avwg K‡jR K¨v¤•v‡m cÖ‡ek Kwi| GwU GKwU weL¨vZ K‡jR| Avwg Hw`b cuvPwU K¬v‡m AskMÖnY K‡iwQjvg| cÖ_g K¬vmwU wQj Bs‡iwR †hwU wb‡qwQ‡jb `„p e¨w³Z¡ m¤•bœ GKRb gwnjv wk¶K| wZwb LyeB eÜzmyjf wQ‡jb| c–‡e© Avwg wk¶K‡`i e¨envi wb‡q wPwš@Z wQjvg wKš‘ Zvi K¬vm Kivi c‡i Avgvi me wPš@v `–i n‡q hvq| AZ:ci Avwg evsjv, c`v_©, imvqb Ges RxeweÁvb K¬vm Kwi| Ab¨vb¨ wk¶KivI LyeB eÜzmyjf wQ‡jb| †h‡nZz Avgiv mevB K‡j‡R bexb wQjvg Ges Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ K_v ejjvg Ges Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Avgiv eÜz njvg| Avgiv mevB MÖš’vMvi, M‡elYvMvi, wgjbvqZb Ny‡i †`Ljvg| GMy‡jv †ek mg„× wQj| MÖš’vMviwU weL¨vZ eB‡q c–Y© wQj| Qv·`i Rb¨ †mLv‡b cwÎKv I g¨vMvwRb wQj| M‡elYvMviwU fv‡jv hš¿cvwZ‡Z mymw¾Z wQj| wgjbvqZbwU †`L‡Z LyeB AvKl©Yxq wQj| Zvici Avgiv wk¶v_©x‡`i Kgbi“‡g Gjvg| GwU †Ljvayjvi wewfbœ wRwbm Øviv mw¾Z GKwU eo K¶| GwU wQj GKwU eo AwfÁZv| Avwg wPiw`b GB w`‡bi ¯§„wZ g‡b aviY Kie|

Early/Premature Marriage

Premature marriage is the marriage of boys and girls who have not yet reached the age of marriage. Although the government of Bangladesh has fixed 18 and 21 years for girls and boys respectively, people especially in the rural areas tend to marry their sons and daughters off earlier than the expected time. Marrying at such a premature age, boys suffer a lot because they have to work hard to run a family. On the other hand, girls suffer even more because they have to risk their lives during premature child birth. Yet the parents of sons marry them off to get dowry from the in-laws. Girls' parents are often prejudiced against education. They think  that the more educated their daughters are, the more dowry they have to give. Some of them even think that girls are born to serve their in-laws. Thus the premature marriage creates a lot of problems in the society. Lack of education is one of the causes of premature marriage. Lack of moral values also causes premature marriage. The media should be active in solving premature marriage. The govt. should take pragmatic steps to remove this evil practice. Last but not the least, raising social awareness can play the key role towards curbing this evil act. (Words : 211)

evj¨weevn/AcÖvßeq¯‹ weevn

evj¨weevn ej‡Z †QvU †Q‡j I †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ weevn‡K eySvq hviv GLb ch©š@ weevn eq‡mi Dchy³ nqwb| hw`I evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi bvix I cyi“‡li weev‡ni Rb¨ h_vµ‡g 18 I 21 eQi wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q, we‡klZ MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i cyÎ I Kb¨v‡`i‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ eq‡mi c–‡e©B weevn †`Iqvi cÖeYZv Av‡Q| Ggb AcÖvß eq‡m weevn K‡i evj‡Kiv A‡bK Kó cvq KviY Zv‡`i‡K cwievi Pvjbvi Rb¨ K‡Vvi KvR Ki‡Z nq| Acic‡¶, †g‡qiv AviI †ewk Kó †fvM K‡i _v‡K KviY AcÖvß eq‡m mš@vb Rš§ w`‡q Zv‡`i Rxeb‡K ûgwKi gy‡L †d‡j w`‡Z nq| Z_vwc †Q‡j‡`i wcZvgvZviv Zv‡`i †Q‡j‡`i weevn †`q k¦ïi evwo †_‡K †hŠZzK MÖnY Kivi Rb¨| †g‡q mš@v‡bi wcZvgvZv‡`i Zv‡`i †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡i Kzms¯‹vi i‡q‡Q| Zviv fv‡e †h Zv‡`i †g‡q‡`i hZ †ewk wkw¶Z K‡i M‡o Zzj‡e, Zv‡`i‡K ZZ †ewk †hŠZzK w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Avevi A‡b‡K wPš@v K‡i †h, †g‡qiv Zv‡`i k¦ïi evwoi †mev †`Iqvi Rb¨ Rš§ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Gfv‡e AcÖvß eq‡m weevn mgv‡R A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i _v‡K| wk¶vi Afve AcÖvß eq‡m weev‡ni Ab¨Zg GKUv KviY| ˆbwZKZvi AfveI AcÖvß eq‡m weev‡ni KviY| MYgva¨gMy‡jv‡K AcÖvßeq‡m weevn‡iv‡a mwµq _vK‡Z n‡e| GB Lvivc Af¨vm `–i Kivi Rb¨ miKvi‡K cÖv‡qvwMK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Ae‡k‡l MYm‡PZbZv GB e` Af¨vm `–i Kivi Rb¨ cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Smoking: A Habitual Sickness

Smoking is a very bad habit which is injurious to health. Inhaling the smoke of burnt tobacco is called smoking. The tobacco can be either burnt in a device called pipe or it can be wrapped and rolled in a piece of tobacco leaf paper. It is a popular belief that inhaling tobacco smoke provides stimulation (D‡ËRbv) though there is no medical evidence (mv¶¨cÖgvY) to this belief. There are numerous bad effects of smoking. It causes respiratory (k¦vmcÖk¦vm msµvš@) problem leading to bronchitis. A smoker suffers from hyper tension, anxiety, digestion (cwicvK) disorder and heart attack. Smokers run the risk of being attacked with colone cancer and cardiac arrest at least 7 to 8 times higher than a non smoker. The decision then should be very obvious. In order to keep our  people healthy and working we need to prevent this malady (†ivM, Amy¯’Zv). Government has already prohibited (wbwl× K‡i‡Q) smoking in public places. As smoking causes several chemical changes within human body the impact is far reaching. Once somebody smokes for the first few times there is no coming back. He becomes a slave to this malevolent (¶wZKi) habit. To stop smoking, we should raise consciousness among the people and inform them of the negative effects of it. (Words : 209)

a–gcvb : GKwU Af¨vmMZ Amy¯’Zv

a–gcvb AZ¨š@ Lvivc Af¨vm hv ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi| R¡jš@ Zvgv‡Ki †auvqv MÖnY Kiv‡K a–gcvb ejv nq| cvBc bvgK GKwU h‡š¿i g‡a¨I ZvgvK‡K †cvov‡bv hvq ev Zvgv‡Ki cvZv KvM‡R gywo‡q I †cuwP‡qI GUv‡K †cvov‡bv hvq| GUv GKUv RbwcÖq wek¦vm †h, ZvgvK MÖnY Ki‡j D‡ËRbv ev‡o hw`I G wek¦v‡mi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmvMZ mv¶¨ cÖgvY †bB| a–gcv‡bi A‡bK ¶wZKi cÖfve i‡q‡Q| GwU k¦vm-cÖk¦vm msµvš@ mgm¨v m„wó K‡i hv eªsKvBwUm †iv‡Mi w`‡K avweZ K‡i| GKRb a–gcvqx e¨w³ D”P i³Pvc, `ywðš@v, cwicvK wµqvi mgm¨v Ges ü`‡iv‡M †fv‡M| GKRb a–gcvqx †jvK GKRb Aa–gcvqx †jv‡Ki †P‡q 7/8 MyY †ewk K¨vÝvi I n„`‡iv‡Mi SuzwK‡Z _v‡K| wm×vš@Uv ¯•ó nIqv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i RbMY‡K ¯^v¯’¨evb I Kg©Rxex K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i DwPZ GB †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Kiv| miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨B Rbmvavi‡Yi mvg‡b cÖKv‡k¨ a–gcvb wbwl× K‡i‡Q| †h‡nZz a–gcvb gvbe †`‡n KwZcq ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b mvab K‡i, ZvB Gi cÖfve my`–i cÖmvix| cÖ_‡g †KD K‡qKevi a–gcvb Ki‡j Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq bv| †m GB ¶wZKi Af¨v‡mi `vm n‡q hvq| a–gcvb eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i DwPZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv Ges Zv‡`i‡K Gi †bwZevPK w`KMy‡jv m¤•‡K© AewnZ Kiv|

A Journey by Train I Enjoyed

During the last summer vacation, I along with my uncle made a journey by train from Dhaka to Sylhet. We went there to enjoy the natural beauties of hills and tea gardens. We reached the station in time and got into the train. Fortunately, I got my seat beside the window. When the guard blew the whistle the train began to move, I kept looking outside through the window. The train was passing through paddy fields and other trees. I enjoyed the natural beauties of the passing villages so much that I cannot express it in words. The green fields, cows and the working of farmers in the fields impressed me. when the train stopped at a big station, we ate boiled eggs. We bought some magazines also. Again the train started moving. This time the scenery was more beautiful. it passed through hills. The hills were covered with green tea gardens. My joy knew no bounds at the sight of hills and tea gardens. Soon it became darker. Everything became mysterious (inm¨gq) and also beautiful with the approaching (Avmbœ/Nbvqgvb) evening. At 7 p.m. we reached the station and saw my uncle's friends waiting for us. We felt relieved and enjoyed the rest of the days very much. It was the most pleasant journey in my life. I will remember the journey forever. (Words : 225)

Avgvi †Uªb ågY

MZ MÖx‡®§i QywU‡Z Avwg Avgvi PvPvi mv‡_ XvKv †_‡K wm‡j‡U †Uªb åg‡Y wM‡qwQjvg| Avgiv †mLv‡b cvnvo I Pv evMv‡bi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| Avgiv mgqgZ †÷k‡b †cuŠ‡QwQjvg Ges †Uª‡b DVjvg| †mŠfvM¨µ‡g Avwg Rvbvjvi cv‡k Avmb †c‡qwQjvg| hLb MvW© euvwk euvRvj ZLb †UªbwU Pjv ïi“ Kij, Avwg Rvbvjv w`‡q ZvwK‡q _vKjvg| †UªbwU avb‡¶Z I Ab¨vb¨ MvQ-MvQvwji ga¨ w`‡q GwM‡q hvw”Qj| Avwg AwZµvš@ MÖvgMy‡jvi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© GZUv Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg †h Avwg Zv fvlvq cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv| meyR gvV, Mi“ Ges K…l‡Ki gv‡V KvR Kiv Avgv‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| hLb †UªbwU eo GKwU †÷k‡b Avmj, Avgiv ZLb wm× wWg †Ljvg| Avgiv wKQy mvgwqKxI wKbjvg| †UªbwU cybivq Pjv ïi“ Kij| GB mgq `„k¨My‡jv AviI †ewk my›`i wQj| GwU cvnv‡oi ga¨ w`‡q PjvPj K‡i| cvnvoMy‡jv meyR Pv evMvb Øviv †Niv wQj| cvnvo Ges Pv-evMv‡bi `„k¨ †`‡L Avgvi Avb‡›`i mxgv wQj bv| kxNªB mܨv †b‡g Gj| mewKQy inm¨gqx n‡q DVj Ges mܨvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mewKQy my›`i n‡q DVj| mܨv mvZUvi mgq Avgiv †÷k‡b †cuŠQvjvg Ges †`Ljvg Avgvi PvPvi eÜziv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQj| Avgiv ¯^w¯@‡eva Kijvg Ges evwK w`bMy‡jv †ek Dc‡fvM Kijvg| GwU Avgvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q Avb›``vqK ågY| Avwg wPiw`b GB ågYwU g‡b ivLe|

Environment and Ecology

The environment refers to the air, water and land in which people, animals and plants live. Human beings, animals, plants, air, water and soil make up the environment. Again different natural forces such as storms, cyclones and earthquakes are also a part of the environment. All these elements and forces are naturally interrelated (cvi¯•wiKfv‡e RwoZ). Their relation to each other and to the surroundings is called ecology which is very much systematic, dynamically balanced. It is like a complex web that links animals, plants and every other life form. If this relationship is disturbed in any way, the whole environment will face a destructive (aŸsmvÍK) change. for example, the destruction (aŸsm) of forests may cause drought (ﮋZv) and other natural disasters. Again the emission (wbM©Z nIqv) of carbon dioxide, chloro fluoro carbon creates ecological imbalance. So, maintaining ecological balance is very much essential. But we are not careful enough to maintain this balance. For a safe earth to live in, we must plant more trees, because trees are very important for the ecological balance. besides, we must save wild animals. they are the direct agent of our environment. Moreover, we must be careful about the emission of harmful gases. So, it is our responsibility to prevent (wbe„Ë Kiv) the environment from being spoilt. (Words : 212)

cwi‡ek Ges ev¯@e¨we`¨v

cwi‡ek ej‡Z evqy, cvwb Ges †h Rwg‡Z gvbyl, RxeRš‘ Ges MvQcvjv emevm K‡i Zv‡K †evSvq| gvbyl, RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv, evqy, cvwb Ges gvwU cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| Avevi wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †hgb So, N–wY©So Ges f‚wgK¤• meB cwi‡e‡ki Ask| Gme Dcv`vbmg–n Ges cÖvK…wZK kw³ cvi¯•wiKfv‡e RwoZ| Pvicv‡ki e¯‘i mv‡_ Ges GB Dcv`vbMy‡jvi G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤•K©‡K ev¯@e¨we`¨v e‡j †hwU LyeB wbqgZvwš¿K, MwZkxjfv‡e fvimvg¨c–Y©| GwU GKwU RwUj Rvj eybUÕ †hwU RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Rxe‡K m¤•K©hy³ K‡i‡Q| hw` GB m¤•‡K©i †Kv‡bvfv‡e e¨vNvZ N‡U, Zvn‡j mgMÖ cwi‡ek aŸsmvÍK cwieZ©‡bi gy‡LvgywL n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc ebvÂj aŸsm, Liv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM NUv‡Z cv‡i| Avevi, Kve©b WvB A·vBW Ges †K¬v‡iv-d¬z‡iv Kve©b cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨nxbZv m„wó K‡i| ZvB cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv LyeB Ri“ix| wKš‘ Avgiv GB fvimvg¨ eRvq ivL‡Z h‡_ó m‡PZb bB| GKwU fv‡jv c„w_exi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K †ewk †ewk MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e, KviY cwi‡e‡ki fvimv‡g¨i Rb¨ MvQcvjv LyeB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| ZvQvov, Avgv‡`i‡K eb¨ RxeRš‘I i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Zviv Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki mivmwi cÖwZwbwa| Dciš‘, Avgv‡`i‡K ¶wZKi M¨vm wbM©gb †_‡K mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e| ZvB cwi‡ek‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡|

Kitchen Garden

A kitchen garden is a garden where we grow different types of vegetables and fruits for the use of our family. A family is greatly benefited by making a kitchen garden very close to its homestead. We have a nice kitchen garden. It is a part of the big flower garden which we have in the southern part of our house. Usually, everyday in the morning and in the afternoon, I am busy in that garden. In the morning, I carry water from the nearest pond and water the plants carefully. In the afternoon, I weed out the weakest and harmful plants. I cultivate various types of vegetables and fruits. Potato, tomato, pumpkin, pepper, cucumber, bean etc. are the main crops in our garden. My father has planted some fruit plants which are yet to grow. We collect necessary vegetables and eat them with great joy. Very often we give vegetables to our neighbours and relatives. they become very happy and we have built a good relation in this way. In fact, the kitchen garden provides (†hvMvb †`qv) us with necessary vitamins and also saves money. besides, working there, we get chance for proper physical exercise and also mental peace and satisfaction. (Words : 202)

mewR evMvb

cwiev‡ii e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Avgiv †hLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR I djg–j Rš§vB Zv‡K mewR evMvb e‡j| evmM„‡ni Lye wbK‡U mewR evMvb ˆZwi K‡i GKwU cwievi LyeB DcK…Z nq| Avgv‡`i PgrKvi GKwU mewR evMvb Av‡Q| GwU Avgv‡`i wekvj dzj evMv‡bi GKwU Ask †hwU Avgv‡`i evwoi `w¶Y cv‡k Aew¯’Z| mvaviYZ cÖwZw`b mKv‡j I weKv‡j Avwg evMv‡b e¨¯@ _vwK| mKv‡j Avwg cv‡ki cyKzi †_‡K cvwb wb‡q PvivMvQMy‡jv‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e cvwb †`B| weKv‡j Avwg `ye©j I ¶wZKi PvivMy‡jv DwV‡q †dwj| Avwg wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR I dj Pvl Kwi| Avjy, U‡g‡Uv, Kzgov, †MvjgwiP, kmv, wkg BZ¨vw` Avgvi evMv‡bi cÖavb km¨| Avgvi evev wKQy djMvQ †ivcY K‡i‡Qb hv GL‡bv Rš§vqwb| Avgiv cÖ‡qvRbxq mewR msMÖn Kwi Ges Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Zv LvB| Avgiv cÖvqB Avgv‡`i AvÍxq-¯^Rb I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i mewR †`B| Zviv LyeB Lywk nb Ges Gfv‡e Avgiv Zv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤•K© ˆZwi K‡iwQ| cÖK…Zc‡¶, mewR evMvbwU Avgv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wfUvwgb mieivn K‡i Ges UvKv euvPvq| ZvQvov, †mLv‡b KvR K‡i Avgiv mwVK kixi PP©vi my‡hvM cvB Ges gvbwmK kvwš@ I mš‘wóI cvB|

Leisure/Pastimes

Leisure is the period which is spent at one's own will. In our every day life, we have to be busy most of the time and if we get some moments or more, we pass it in a simple carefree way. We don't do anything serious in our leisure. People living in villages and cities spend their leisure differently. Most of the male persons in villages spend their time in tea stalls talking among themselves. Female persons gather in one place, talk frankly and try to help each other. But in cities, people usually watch television. They visit zoos, parks and other remarkable places. sometimes, people spend their leisure with sports and pastimes. Rowing boats, swimming, playing and enjoying various games and sports like football, cricket are very much common. Again using computers, listening to music, attending concert, seminar, gardening are very familiar pastimes. Above all, people of both cities and villages enjoy the natural beauties. They come into contact with nature for refreshing their mind. The enchanting (g‡bvig) beauty of the late winter stimulates (RvwM‡q †Zvjv, DÏxwcZ Kiv) people. They travel in the midst of various fragrant (myMÜ, myiwf) flowers. Usually I spend my leisure with my friends. We do different types of creative activities. Actually, leisure refreshes our mind and sooths (cÖkwgZ Kiv) ourselves greatly. (Words : 217)

Aemi/Aemi mgq

Aemi ej‡Z †mB mgq‡K †evSv‡bv nq †h mgq GKRb Zvi wb‡Ri B”Qvg‡Zv KvUvq| Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgv‡`i‡K AwaKvsk mgq e¨¯@ _vK‡Z nq Ges hw` Avgiv wKQy mgq cvB Zvn‡j mnR- ¯^vaxbfv‡e AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z PvB| Aem‡i Avgiv gvivÍK wKQy Kwi bv| kni I MÖv‡gi evwm›`viv wewfbœfv‡e Zv‡`i Aemi mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i| MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk cyi“liv Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ K_v e‡j mgq KvUvq| gwnjviv GK RvqMvq R‡ov n‡q K_v e‡j Ges G‡K Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ kn‡i Aem‡i †jvKRb mvaviYZ wUwf †`‡L mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i| Zviv wPwoqvLvbv, D`¨vb Ges Ab¨vb¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ ¯’vbMy‡jv ågY K‡i| gv‡S gv‡S †jvKRb †Ljvayjv K‡i I AeKvk hvcb K‡i mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i| †bŠKv evBP, muvZvi, †Ljvayjv Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi LyeB cwiwPZ †Ljvayjv †hgb dzUej, wµ‡KU Dc‡fvM K‡i| Avevi, Kw¤•DUvi e¨envi, Mvb †kvbv, Kbmv‡U© †hvM`vb, Av‡jvPbv mfv, evMvb Kiv LyeB cwiwPZ AeKvk| m‡e©vcwi kni I MÖvg Dfq A‡ji †jvKRbB cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ Dc‡fvM K‡i| Zviv gb‡K m‡ZR Kivi Rb¨ cÖK…wZi wbKU Av‡m| kx‡Zi †k‡li g‡bvig †mŠ›`h© †jvKRb‡K RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| Zviv wewfbœ myMwÜ dz‡ji ga¨ w`‡q ågY K‡i| Avwg mvaviYZ Avgvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ Avgvi Aemi mgq KvUvB| Avgiv wewfbœ ai‡bi m„Rbkxj KvR Kwi| cÖK…Zc‡¶, Aemi mgq Avgv‡`i gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i Ges Avgv‡`i‡K e¨vcKfv‡e cÖkwgZ K‡i|

 

Social Values

Social values refer to customs, beliefs, social practices and norms (Av`k©), behaviourial patterns and attitude of a particular social community. Social values shape the life of a person to a great extent. In the past people were very much strict about maintaining social values. Honesty, sincerity, truthfulness, sympathy, fellow feeling, respect for others were considered to be social values. "Honesty is the best policy" was the motto (g–jgš¿) of the day. The dishonest, criminals were held in great contempt (N„Yvi, AeÁvi). But today, because of scientific and technological development, people are getting acquainted with other cultures. They are being educated—all these have lasting influence on their ideas, beliefs and tradition. Nowadays youngers do not respect the elders, people have no fellow-feelings, they are getting involved in crimes, anti-social activities and addiction to drug. These are the signs of people's loss of the sense of morality which has resulted from social degradation (AatcZb). If it continues, worse days are ahead of us. So, to avoid such an uncongenial situation we all should be careful to preserve our social values. We can do this by raising awareness in people, inculcating the habit of doing good deeds, maintaining moral scruples, detesting vices and corrupt practices. (Words : 204)

mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva

mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva n‡”Q GKwU wbw`©ó mvgvwRK m¤•Ö`v‡qi ixwZ-bxwZ, wek¦vm, mvgvwRK Abykxjb, Av`k©, AvPiYMZ aib Ges `„wófw½mg–n| mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva GKRb e¨w³i Rxeb MVb K‡i| AZx‡Z †jv‡Kiv mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva K‡Vvifv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y KiZ| mZZv, bgªZv, mZ¨evw`Zv, Ki“Yv, mncvVxi cÖwZ mg‡e`bv Ges Ac‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×v‡K mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †mB w`‡bi g–jgš¿ wQj ÒmZZvB n‡”Q DrK…ó cš’vÓ| Amr I Acivax e¨w³iv N„wYZ nZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b ˆeÁvwbK I cÖhyw³MZ Dbœq‡bi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡”Q| Zviv wkw¶Z n‡”Q- GB me wKQyB Zv‡`i aviYv, wek¦vm I HwZ‡n¨i Dci ¯’vqx cÖfve †dj‡Q| eZ©gv‡b †QvUiv eo‡`i‡K kÖ×v K‡i bv, gvby‡li g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mngwg©Zv †bB, Zviv Aciva, mgvR we‡ivax Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ n‡”Q I gv`K `ª‡e¨i cÖwZ Avm³ n‡”Q| Gme wKQyB gvby‡li ˆbwZK Ae¶‡qi wPý hv mvgvwRK AatcZ‡bi d‡j G‡m‡Q| hw` GUv Pj‡Z _v‡K, kxNªB me‡P‡q Lvivc w`b Avm‡e| ZvB Ggb cÖK…wZ wei“× Ae¯’v Z¨vM K‡i mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva‡K msi¶Y Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i mevB‡K mZK© n‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó K‡i, fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Af¨v‡mi gva¨‡g, ˆbwZK bxwZgvjv msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g, cvc I `yb©xwZ‡K cÖej N„Yvi gva¨‡g Avgiv GUv Ki‡Z cvwi|

How to Keep in Good Health

Health is the greatest wealth in the life of a man. The importance of keeping in good health is precise (h_vh_; wbqgwbô) in every walk of our life. In order to keep in good health first of all one needs to follow the rules of health and cleanliness. It means that he/she must eat a balanced diet and take proper rest. He/She should eat in fixed time. Too much food cannot ensure good health. One should eat as much as one needs. He/She should try his/her best to take fresh and formalin-free food items. He/she must eat seasonal fruits and vegetables. He/ she must go to bed early and rise early. Then, physical exercise plays a vital role in keeping in good health. If he/she does not take part in games and sports, he/she will not be physically sound. After that, one needs to keep in mind that good health does not mean only physical health. Health means the soundness of body as well as the soundness of mind. Without having a sound mind, he/she cannot concentrate on his/her works. The rules of hygiene play a vital role in keeping in good health. He/she must wash his/her body everyday with soap and put on clean clothes. He/She should not use the towel and clothes of others. Before having anything he should wash his hands. (Words : 223)

wKfv‡e my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLv hvq

¯^v¯’¨ n‡”Q GKRb gvby‡li Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo m¤•`| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î my¯^v‡¯’¨i Myi“Z¡ Lye †ewk| my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ I cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Gi A_© n‡”Q Zv‡K mylg Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e I ch©vß wekÖvg wb‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K wbw`©ó mg‡q †L‡Z n‡e| AwZwi³ Lvevi my¯^v¯’¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKR‡bi DwPr Zvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv LvIqv| GKR‡bi m‡e©v”P m‡ZR I digvwjb gy³ Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ| Zv‡K Aek¨B FZzwe‡kl dj I mewR †L‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K mKvj mKvj weQvbvq †h‡Z n‡e Ges ZvovZvwo Nyg †_‡K DV‡Z n‡e| GQvov, kvixwiK e¨vqvg ¯^v¯’¨ MV‡b Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| hw` †m †Ljvayjvq AskMÖnY bv K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv n‡e bv| Gici, GKR‡bi g‡b ivLv DwPZ my¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z ïaygvÎ kvixwiK ¯^v¯’¨‡K †evSvq bv| ¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z †`‡ni my¯’Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ g‡bi my¯’Zv‡K †evSvq| my¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvix nIqv Qvov †m Zvi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv my¯^v¯’¨ MV‡b weivU f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| mvevb w`‡q cÖwZw`b kixi‡K Aek¨B †aŠZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwi®‹vi Kvco cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e| Ac‡ii †Zvqv‡j ev Kvco Zvi e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq| †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy LvIqvi c–‡e© Zv‡K nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|

Celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr

Eid-ul-Fitr is one of the two religious festivals of the Muslims (a‡g©). We eagerly await this day after having a fasting (†ivhv) for thirty days. This day is celebrated with great religious gravity (agx©q Myi“Z¡) by the Muslims. However, I celebrated this day as other Muslims do. I got up very early in the morning, took my bath, dressed up wearing punjabi, pajama and tupi. The congregation (Dcvmbvi Rb¨ Rgv‡qZ †jvKRb) being over I exchanged greetings with a lot of friends and near and dear ones. In the morning, I found my mother and sister busy with making loaf, shemai and jorda. In the morning, I distributed cash and dress among the poor class people. When I set out for the Eidgah, I discovered many old friends who were behind the curtain for a long time. We expressed our fellow feelings with one another. In that very day we arranged a grand feast (†fvR) to feed the poor people. It was an age old tradition of our family. After saying prayer I returned home. In the afternoon I joined my friends who arranged a reunion (cybwg©jb) meeting. After the meeting we went to the nearby river and passed a few hours there. This is how I enjoyed the day of Eid-ul-Fitr. (Words : 211)

C`-Dj-wdZi D`hvcb

C`-Dj wdZi n‡”Q gymwjg a‡g©i `ywU ag©xq Drm‡ei g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU| wÎk w`b †ivRvi ci Avgiv GB w`bwUi Rb¨ Mfxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶v Kwi| GB w`bwU gymjgvbiv h_vh_ ag©xq fveMv¤¢x‡h©i mv‡_ D`&hvcb K‡i _v‡K| hv †nvK, Ab¨vb¨ gymjgvb‡`i gZB Avwg w`bwU D`&hvcb K‡iwQjvg| Avwg Lye mKvj mKvj Nyg †_‡K †R‡M D‡VwQjvg, Avwg †Mvmj K‡iwQjvg, cvRvgv-cvÄvex I Uzwc cwiavb K‡iwQjvg| C‡`i RvgvZ †kl nIqvi ci Avwg Nwbô wKQy eÜz I cwiwPZ †jvK‡`i mv‡_ ky‡f”Qv wewbgq K‡iwQjvg| mKv‡j Avwg gv I †evb‡K wcVv, †mgvB Ges RÏ©v evbv‡Z e¨¯@ †`‡LwQjvg| mKv‡j Avwg Mwie‡`i g‡a¨ UvKv I e¯¿weZiY K‡iwQjvg| hLb Avwg C`Mv‡ni c‡_ hvÎv Kwi, ZLb A‡bK cyivZb eÜz‡K †`L‡Z cvB hviv `xN©w`b `–‡i wQj| Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ fve wewbgq Kwi| †mB w`‡b `wi`ª‡`i‡K LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ GK weivU Lvev‡ii Av‡qvRb K‡iwQjvg| GUv wQj Avgv‡`i cwiev‡i `xN©w`‡bi HwZn¨| cÖv_©bvi †k‡l Avwg evmvq wd‡i Avmjvg| we‡Kj †ejvq Avwg Avgvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ cybwg©jbx Abyôv‡b †hvM`vb K‡iwQjvg| Abyôvb †k‡l Avgiv wbKUeZ©x b`x‡Z wM‡qwQjvg Ges K‡qK NÈv †mLv‡b AwZevwnZ K‡iwQjvg| Gfv‡e Avwg C`-Dj wdZi Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg|

A Moonlit Night

A moonlit night is a wonderful and enjoyable presentation of nature. A moonlit night is a great pleasure and source of recreation for the people of almost all ages, tastes and temperaments. The night in which the moon shines brightly in the cloudless clear sky is generally known as a moonlit night. It comes to us with all her stimulus and magnificent (RuvKRgKc–Y©) beauty. In a moonlit night, the moon looks like a disk of dazzling silver and bathes the nature with her pleasant light. People of all ages become enchanted (†gvwnZ nIqv) with its charm. Even, the newly born babies glance at the moon steadily. There are plenty of poems, songs, stories, fairy tales about moonlit nights. Again, some birds and beasts come out leaving their nestling places to relish (Dc‡fvM Kiv) the beauty of the night. Both the city and the village dwellers enjoy the night gossiping, walking here and there. Children greatly enjoy the night playing. During my childhood, I also used to enjoy the night chatting, playing with my mates and that was really fascinating (gy» K‡i Ggb AvKl©Yxq) and excellent and haunting till today. In fine,  a moonlit night is a nice gift of nature and it spellbinds (m‡¤§vwnZ Kiv) all through its loveliness. (Words : 210)

†R¨vrøvivZ

†R¨vrøvivZ cÖK…wZi GKwU PgrKvi I Dc‡fvM¨ Dc¯’vcbv| †R¨vrøvivZ cÖvq me eqwm, i“wP I †gRvwR †jvK‡`i GK weivU Avb›` I we‡bv`‡bi Drm| †h iv‡Z Puv` †gNgy³ cwi®‹vi AvKv‡k D¾¡jfv‡e wKiY †`q Zv‡K mvaviYZ †R¨vrøvivZ ejv nq| GwU Zvi Kg©‡cÖiYv`vqK I RuvKRgKc–Y© †mŠ›`h© wb‡q AvMgb K‡i| †R¨vrøviv‡Z Puv` iƒcvi _vjvi gZ †`Lvq Ges cÖK…wZ Puv‡`i GB iƒcvjx Av‡jv‡Z wm³ nq| mKj eq‡mi †jv‡Kiv Bnvi †mŠ›`‡h© †gvwnZ nq| GgbwK, beRvZK Puv‡`i w`‡K AcjK `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Puv` wb‡q A‡bK KweZv, Mvb, Mí, cixiMí BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q| Avevi wKQy cvwL I cï Zv‡`i evmv †Q‡o †ewi‡q Av‡m G iv‡Zi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z| kni I MÖv‡gi Dfq evwm›`viv Mí K‡i, GLv‡b †mLv‡b nuvUv nuvwU K‡i GB ivZwU Dc‡fvM K‡i| ev”Pviv †Ljvayjv K‡i ivZwU Dc‡fvM K‡i| Avgvi wkïKv‡j Avwg Avgvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ Mí K‡i I †Ljvayjv K‡i GB ivZwU Dc‡fvM KiZvg †hwU wQj LyeB g‡bvgy»Ki I AvKl©Yxq Ges hv Avgv‡K GLbI Zvov K‡i| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, †R¨vrøvivZ cÖK…wZi GKwU my›`i Dcnvi Ges GwU Gi †mŠ›`h© w`‡q mevB‡K m‡¤§vwnZ K‡i|

Extended Family

I live in an extended family with my parents, two brothers, grandparents and my uncles. It is a family where all members share each other's feelings. The household activities are also done together. My grandparents are the senior guardians in the family. So, I get not only my parents but also my grandparents and uncles as guardians. I am never lonely. Sometimes guests are available and I have to share my own room and almost in every week we have programmes and celebrations like birthday celebrations and celebrations on good occasions. I feel some problems also being in an extended family, I do not expect any guest at the time of my examination. Besides my privacy cannot be maintained if my room is shared. Sometimes, I feel myself in a cage because I have many guardians and I do not have any scope to decide anything in my own way. I guess it is really one severe (RwUj) problem in an extended family because a child may lose the capacity to decide something himself/herself. Still then I like an extended family for its sharing and fellow feeling. I know life in a nuclear family is sometimes lonely and boring. So, if I get a little privacy and no disturbance (wek„¸Ljv) in my own way of life I will support an extended family. (Words : 220)

†hŠ_ cwievi

Avwg Avgvi gv-evev, `yB fvB, `v`v-`vw` I Avgvi PvPv‡`i mv‡_ GKwU †hŠ_ cwiev‡i _vwK| GwU Ggb GKwU cwievi †hLv‡b mKj m`m¨ G‡K A‡b¨i Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZi Askx`vi| N‡ii KvRMy‡jvI GK‡Î Kiv nq| Avgvi `v`v-`vw` cwiev‡ii e‡qv‡R¨ô AwffveK| ZvB Avwg ïay gv-evev‡K bq, eis Avgvi `v`v-`vw` I PvPv‡`iI AwffveK wn‡m‡e cvB| Avwg KL‡bvB GKv _vwK bv| KLbI KLbI AwZw_iv Av‡m Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi wb‡Ri Ni fvMvfvwM K‡i wb‡Z nq Ges cÖvq cÖwZ mßv‡nB Avgv‡`i Rš§w`b D`hvcb I ïf Dcj¶ D`hvc‡bi g‡Zv Abyôvb I D`hvcb _v‡K| †hŠ_ cwiev‡i _vKvi wKQy mgm¨vI Avwg Abyfe Kwi| Avgvi cix¶vi mgq Avwg †Kv‡bv AwZw_i AvMgb cÖZ¨vkv Kwi bv| †mB mv‡_, Ni fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z †M‡j e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZv ivLv hvq bv| KLbI KLbI Avgvi g‡b nq Avwg GKwU LuvPvq AvwQ, KviY Avgvi A‡bK AwffveK Av‡Q Ges †Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡iB Avgvi wb‡Ri B‡”Qg‡Zv wm×vš@ †bIqvi my‡hvM _v‡K bv| Avwg g‡b Kwi †hŠ_ cwiev‡i GwU GKwU mwZ¨Kvi RwUj mgm¨v KviY GKwU wkï wb‡R †Kv‡bv wm×vš@ †bIqvi ¶gZv nviv‡Z cv‡i| Zv m‡Ë¦I Avwg mewKQy fvMvfvwM K‡i †bIqvi cÖeYZv I mnvbyf‚wZi Rb¨ †hŠ_ cwievi cQ›` Kwi| Avwg Rvwb †h GKK cwiev‡i Rxeb gv‡S gv‡S GKvwKZ¦c–Y© I GK‡N‡q n‡q c‡o| ZvB hw` Avwg GKv GKv KvUvevi wKQy mgq cvB Avi Avgvi Rxeb wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i KvUv‡Z †Kv‡bv evavweNœ bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Avwg †hŠ_ cwievi mg_©b Ki‡ev|

English as an International Language

Language is a medium of expressing thoughts, feelings, emotions and passions. English is called an international language because in many countries for a long time English has been being used for international communication. As English is not our first language, we should learn English with rapt (Avweó) attention. we should be aware of the fact that job advertisements nowadays often ask for a good working knowledge of English. In this present stage of It revolution, English is a must to know all the information in the computer for higher education. English helps the business world to communicate across national borders. So, if we fail to get at hand in English, we must lag behind in the present competitive world. For a good command over English, we must  realize the necessity of grammar because grammar of any language tells us the forms and structure and the correct use of it. Without grammar, our use of English will be faulty. We need English to get good jobs, to go abroad, to pursue higher studies on science and technology and medicine. As English is a global language we have to learn the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. We can not keep pace with the modern world if we do not learn English. The present text book helps to learn English. (Words : 220)

Avš@R©vwZK fvlv wn‡m‡e Bs‡iwR

fvlv nj wPš@v, Abyf‚wZ, Av‡eM I Drmvn cÖKv‡ki gva¨g| Bs‡iwR‡K Avš@R©vwZK fvlv ejv nq KviY wewfbœ †`‡k `xN© mgq hveZ Avš@R©vwZK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR fvlv e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| †h‡nZz Bs‡iwR Avgv‡`i cÖ_g fvlv bq †m‡nZz Avweó g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR †kLv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i mZK© _vKv DwPZ †h eZ©gv‡b PvKzwii weÁwßMy‡jv‡Z fv‡jv Bs‡iwR Rvbv †jvK PvIqv nq| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i GB hy‡M Bs‡iwR Rvbv Awbevh© KviY Kw¤•DUv‡i D”P wk¶vi mKj Z_¨ Bs‡iwR‡Z| Bs‡iwR e¨emvqx RMZ‡K RvZxq mxgvi evB‡i †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB Avgiv hw` Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z e¨_© nB, Zvn‡j eZ©gv‡bi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg–jK we‡k¦ Avgiv wcwQ‡q coe| Bs‡iwR‡Z `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K e¨vKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eyS‡Z n‡e KviY †h‡Kv‡bv fvlvi e¨vKiY Avgv‡`i GwUi mwVK MVbcÖYvjx I mwVK e¨envi m¤•‡K© wk¶v †`q| e¨vKiY Qvov Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwRi e¨envi ΓwUc–Y© _vK‡e| fv‡jv PvKwi cvIqvi Rb¨, we‡`k hvIqvi Rb¨, weÁvb, cÖhyw³ Ges wPwKrmv Gi Dci D”PZi cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR Rvbv `iKvi| †h‡nZy Bs‡iwR GKwU Avš@R©vwZK fvlv Avgv‡`i †kvbv, ejv, cov Ges †jLv GB PviwU `¶Zv †kLv `iKvi| Avgiv hw` Bs‡iwR bv wkwL Avgiv AvaywbK we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z cvie bv| eZ©gvb cvV¨eB Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

The Victory Day

Bangladesh is not a very aged country though in this short (¯^í) span (cwim‡i) of time many significant events took place in its history. the 16th December is the Victory Day of Bangladesh. The day is a red-letter day in the life history of Bangladesh. On this day in 1971, we gained triumph (weRq) at the cost of a bloodstained war and Bangladesh came into being. About three million people including more than two lac women scarified their lives for the sake of independence of our country. The day reminds us of the sacrifices of our valiant freedom fighters. We commemorate the paramount (Pig) sacrifice of the brave sons who died for the country and pay gleaming (†Kvgj Avfv) acclaim (Awfe›`bv) to their deceased soul. the day begins with gunshot and the whole country wears a festive look. the national flag is hoisted (D‡Ëvjb Kiv) on the top of each house. many meetings, seminars, symposiums and discussions are held. People of all walks of life go to the national mausoleum and offer flowers there as a symbol of our profound homage (m¤§vb cÖ`k©b) to the martyred valiant (exi) soldiers. this day is a day of great joy, hope and inspiration. this victory symbolizes victory against inequity, oppression and falsehood. this day will remain ever fresh and evergreen in the heart of each and every Bangladeshi. (Words : 225)

weRq w`em

evsjv‡`k Lye cy‡iv‡bv †`k bq hw`I GB ¯^í mg‡q Gi BwZnv‡m A‡bK Myi“Z¡c–Y© NUbv N‡U †M‡Q| 16 wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`‡ki weRq w`em| evsjv‡`‡ki Rxeb BwZnv‡m 16 wW‡m¤^i GKUv ¯§iYxq w`b| 1971 mv‡ji GBw`‡b Avgiv GKwU i³¶qx hy‡×i wewbg‡q weRq AR©b K‡iwQjvg Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Rš§ m–wPZ n‡qwQj| `yB j¶vwaK bvixmn cÖvq wZb wgwjqb †jvK Avgv‡`i †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQj| w`bwU Avgv‡`i exi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Av‡Ívrm‡M©i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| †h mg¯@ exi mš@v‡biv †`‡ki Rb¨ gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb Avgiv Zv‡`i Pig AvÍZ¨vM ¯§iY Kwi Ges Zuv‡`i g„Z AvÍvi cÖwZ Av‡eMZvwoZ cÖksmvaŸwb D”PviY Kwi| Kvgv‡bi †ZvcaŸwbi gva¨‡g w`bwU kyi“ nq Ges mviv‡`k GKwU Drmeg“Li †Pnviv aviY K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K evwoi Dci RvZxq cZvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| A‡bK mfv, †mwgbvi , mgv‡ek Ges Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| mKj ¯@‡ii gvbyl RvZxq ¯§„wZ †mŠ‡a hvq Ges knx` exi ˆmwbK‡`i cÖwZ Mfxi m¤§vb cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ †mLv‡b cy®•¯@eK Ac©Y K‡i| GB w`bwU n‡”Q e¨vcK Avb›`, Avkv Ges AvKv¸¶vi w`b| GB weRq AmgZv, wbh©vZb Ges wg_¨vPv‡ii wei“‡× weRq wb`k©b K‡i| GB w`bUv cÖ‡Z¨K evsjv‡`wki Aš@‡i wPi m‡ZR I wPimeyR n‡q _vK‡e|

Self-Employment

Self-employment is the best employment that makes a man individually strong. It refers to 'not working for an employer but finding work for oneself or having one's own business'. That is, when a man or woman himself/ herself arranges a source of work is called self-employment. There are many ways to be self-employed in Bangladesh such as he/she may be a mechanic, driver, painter, fish cultivator, poultry farmer etc. There are many youth training centres across Bangladesh. Unemployed young people can take training from these institutions to be self-employed. They can get training from government run youth  training (hye cÖwk¶Y) centres at low cost. Trained at the centres, they can receive loan for the related business and start working. It is found that, in most cases, they come out successful. To be self-employed is really praiseworthy (cÖksmvi †hvM¨). By such effort, the poor, uneducated and above all educated but unemployed people can make a room in the work force and can change their lot radically. They can be self-sufficient and win poverty. It is true that his/ her job may be petty but not ignoble (j¾vKi; wbP) rather it is more honourable (m¤§vbRbK) and significant than those jobs under an institution either government or non-government or private. In fact, self-reliance is the best reliance. (Words : 214)

AvÍKg©ms¯’vb

AvÍKg©ms¯’vb me‡P‡q fv‡jv Kg©ms¯’vb hv GKRb gvbyl‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e kw³kvjx K‡i| GUv wb‡qvMKZ©vi Rb¨ KvR Kiv bq wKš‘ wb‡Ri Rb¨ KvR †LuvRv ev wb‡Ri e¨emv wb‡R Kiv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| Zvi A_©, hLb GKRb cyi“l ev gwnjv wb‡RB Kv‡Ri Drm Luy‡R †bq Zv‡K AvÍKg©ms¯’vb e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k AvÍK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi A‡bK Dcvq Av‡Q †hgb †m GKRb †gKvwbK/ wg¯¿x, WªvBfvi/ MvwoPvjK, wPÎKi, gvQPvlx, nuvmgyiwMi Lvgvix BZ¨vw` n‡Z cv‡i| mviv evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK hye cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª Av‡Q| †eKvi hye‡Kiv GB mg¯@ cÖwZôv‡b ¯^wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi cÖwk¶Y wb‡Z cv‡i| Zviv Kg Li‡P miKvi cwiPvwjZ hye cÖwk¶Y †K›`ªMy‡jv‡ZI cÖwk¶Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| †K›`ªMy‡jv‡Z cÖwk¶Y †c‡q Zviv Kw_Z e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ FY MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i I KvR kyi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`Lv hvq †h, AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Zviv mdj nq| ¯^wb‡qvwRZ nIqv ev¯@weKB cÖksmvi †hvM¨| G †Póvi Øviv Mwie, Awkw¶Z Ges m‡e©vcwi mKj wkw¶Z  A_P †eKvi †jv‡Kiv Kg©h‡Á ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡`i fv‡M¨i Avg–j cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv ¯^qsm¤•–Y© n‡Z cv‡i Ges `vwi`ª¨ Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv mZ¨ †h, Zvi KvR †QvU n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e j¾vKi ev wbP bq| eis GUv miKvwi ev †emiKvwi ev e¨w³MZ cÖwZôv‡bi Aax‡bi mg¯@ KvR A‡c¶v AwaKZi m¤§vbRbK I Myi“Z¡c–Y©| cÖK…Zc‡¶, AvÍwek¦vm me‡P‡q fv‡jv wek¦vm|

Child Labour in Bangladesh

Though child labour is severely prohibited by law, it is still prevalent in the third world countries like Bangladesh. Child labour refers to the physical labour done by the children from 8 to 18. The condition of these working children is very painful. They are found working in factories or doing household chores as servants. They are also engaged in fields, shops, restaurants etc. They have to grind bricks and stones. They work as street hawkers. Most of the time they become pickpockets. They also work as a bus conductor, helper, boot polisher and the like. Some of the works are sometimes risky for them, like working in the welding factory. Though they have to work a lot, most of the time they are ill paid. Sometimes children working in different houses are tortured severely which hampers their physical and mental health. They are deprived of proper care, food and medical treatment. There is no denying that child labour should be banned and the govt. as well as the people concerned should take necessary steps to create alternative opportunities. People of all walks of life and the government together should try sincerely to eradicate this problem from our society. Otherwise, this child labour will drag us down to utter degradation. (Words : 210)

evsjv‡`‡k wkkykÖg

hw`I wkkykÖg AvBb Øviv gvivÍKfv‡e/ fxlbfv‡e wbwl×, evsjv‡`‡ki gZ Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`kMy‡jv‡Z GUv GL‡bv eZ©gvb| 8 n‡Z 18 eQi eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i kvixwiK/ KvwqK kÖg‡K wkkykÖg ejv nq| G mg¯@ wkky kÖwgK‡`i Ae¯’v eoB Ki“Y| G‡`i‡K KviLvbvq Kg©iZ ev PvKi wn‡m‡e M„n¯’vwji KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| Giv gv‡V, †`vKv‡b, †i‡¯@viv‡ZI wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| G‡`i‡K BU I cv_i fvO‡Z nq| Zviv iv¯@vi †dwiIqvjvi KvR K‡i| G‡`i AwaKvsk cÖvqB c‡KUgvi nq| Zviv evm KÛv±vi, †njcvi, RyZv cvwjk Gi gZ KvRI K‡i| SvjvB KviLvbvi Kv‡Ri gZ †Kvb †Kvb KvR Zv‡`i Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S SzuwKc–Y© n‡q c‡o| hw`I G‡`i‡K A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z nq, AwaKvsk mg‡qB Giv Kg gRyix †c‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ M„‡n Kg©iZ wkkyiv gv‡S gv‡S gvivÍKfv‡e wbM„nxZ nq hv Zv‡`i kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡K ¶wZMÖ¯’ K‡i| Zviv mwVK hZœ, Lv`¨ I wPwKrmv †mev †_‡K ewÂZ| ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h, wkkykÖg wbwl× Kiv DwPZ Ges miKvi I RbMY‡K weKí my‡hvM m„wói cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| Rxe‡bi mKj ¯@‡ii gvbyl I miKvi‡K GK‡Î Avgv‡`i mgvR †_‡K G mgm¨v `–i Ki‡Z wbôvi mv‡_ †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq, G wkkykÖg Avgv‡`i‡K Pig cZ‡bi w`‡K wb‡q hv‡e|

Facebook

Facebook is a very popular social networking site which has both advantages and disadvantages. It is a great way to keep in touch with your family and friends that live far away. With instant messaging and even video chat, Facebook is the perfect environment to stay connected. With the status updates, photos and profile information, it can keep us up to date on the happenings of all of our close ones. Facebook makes meeting new people extremely easy. Using Facebook one can express one's opinion easily. Facebook has some disadvantages too. It is very easy for cyber bullies to thrive. They can harass and gang up on one person. There aren't moderators that go around monitoring what people say to each other. Besides, teenagers who spend much time on Facebook, will suffer in the long run as their valuable time for study is not used properly. So there is no denying to say that Facebook has a lot of advantages with some disadvantages too. Active but overt monitoring and open communication about appropriate usage is the key to all the problems. This active role could prevent serious consequences such as depression, anxiety or even suicide. It is also important for parents to stay abreast with online trends and the latest technologies, websites and applications. (Words : 214)

†dmeyK

Ô†dmeyKÕ GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ mvgvwRK †bUIqvK© mvBU hvi myweav I Amyweav DfqB Av‡Q| `–‡i emevmiZ †Zvgvi cwievi I eÜz‡`i mv‡_ ms‡hvM ivLvi GUv GK weivU Dcvq| Zvr¶wbK ¶z‡` evZ©v Av`vb cÖ`vb Ges GgbwK wfwWI AvjvcPvwiZvi gva¨‡g †dmeyK †hvMv‡hvM i¶vi GK wbLyuZ cwi‡ek| ÷¨Uvm Avc‡WUm, d‡Uvm Ges †cÖvdvBj Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g GUv Avgv‡`i mKj wbKU R‡bi NUbvw` m¤•‡K© AewnZ iv‡L| †dmeyK e¨envi K‡i GKRb mn‡R Zvi gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| †dmey‡Ki wKQy AmyweavI Av‡Q| mvBevi eyjx‡`i †eu‡P/wU‡K _vKv Lye mnR| Zviv GKRb †jvK‡K bvKvj Ki‡Z Ges Zvi wei“‡× `je× n‡q KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| RbMb G‡K Ab¨‡K Kx e‡j Zv gwbUi/cix¶v Kivi gZ mgš^qKvix Zviv bq| ZvQvov, †h mg¯@ wK‡kvi †dmey‡K cÖPzi mgq e¨q K‡i Zviv cwiYv‡g Kó †fvM K‡i †h‡nZz Zviv Zv‡`I g–j¨evb mgq †jLvcovq h_vh_fv‡e e¨envi K‡i bv| myZivs ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h wKQy Amyweav _vKv m‡Ë¡I †dmey‡Ki A‡bK myweav Av‡Q| mwµq wKš‘ cÖKvk¨ ch©‡e¶Y I †LvjvLywj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM G mKj mgm¨vi mgvavb| G ai‡bi mwµq f‚wgKv nZvkv, DrKÉv ev AvÍnb‡bi gZ gvivÍK cwiYwZ‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g wK‡kvi-Zi“Y‡`i wewfbœ Kvh©Kjv‡ci cÖeYZv Ges me©‡kl cÖhyw³, I‡qemvBU I A¨vwcЇKkbMy‡jv m¤•‡K© gv-evev‡`i ÁvZ _vKv Myi“Z¡c–Y©|

Digital Bangladesh

'Digital Bangladesh' means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line and where all possible tasks of the government and other non-government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The benefits of Digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be absolutely eradicated. It will save people's time and money and will make people more enterprising. It will connect people with the whole world economically, politically, socially, academically and even culturally. It will modernize banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce all these sectors will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. The government has to take certain initiatives for implementing this dream. First of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured. We have to develop computer network infrastructures throughout the country. We also have to train our people to acquire ICT skill and ensure equitable access to digital governance services by all strata of the society. It will be no exaggeration if we say that the implementation of a digital Bangladesh can help our country make progress in all sectors by leaps and bounds. It is hoped that Bangladesh will be fully digitalised by 2041. (Words : 203)

wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k

wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Gi A_© ICT wfwËK mgvR wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k‡K wWwRUvjvBR Kiv, †hLv‡b Ab-jvB‡b Z_¨vw` cvIqv hv‡e Ges †hLv‡b wWwRUvj cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i miKvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ †emiKvix ev Avav miKvix cÖwZôvb mg–‡ni mKj KvR m¤•bœ Kiv n‡e| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki DcKvwiZv A‡bK| hw` Avgiv wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j `yb©xwZ m¤•–Y©iƒ‡c `–ixf‚Z n‡e| GUv gvby‡li mgq Ges A_© i¶v Ki‡e Ges gvbyl‡K AviI D`¨gx Ki‡e| GUv RbMb‡K mviv we‡k¦i m‡½ A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, bxwZMZ Ges GgbwK mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e mshy³ Ki‡e| GUv e¨vswKs I A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vejx‡K AvaywbKvqb Ki‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K wWwRUvj Kivi gva¨‡g K…wl, ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v, evwYR¨- Gme kvLvMy‡jv LyeB DcK…Z n‡e| G ¯^cœ‡K ev¯@evqb Ki‡Z miKvi‡K wKQy f‚wgKv ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gZ AwewNœZ we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †`ke¨vcx Kw¤•DUvi †bUIqv‡K©i AeKvVv‡gvi Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i RbMb‡K ICT `¶Zv AR©‡b cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e Ges mgv‡Ri mKj ¯@‡i wWwRUvj kvmb †mev †cuŠQv‡bvi wbi‡c¶ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv ej‡j AZ‚¨w³ n‡e bv †h wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k ev¯@evqb Avgv‡`i †`k‡K mKj kvLvq `ª“Z MwZ‡Z DbœwZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Avkv Kiv hvq †h 2041 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`k m¤•–Y©iƒ‡c wWwRUvj n‡e|

Importance of Reading Newspaper

Reading newspaper is a good habit which provides us to know a lot of essential things of home and abroad. People read them for both pleasure and information. A politician can learn about political situations. An economist and a businessman can be aware of the economy and business. People interested in sports and games can learn about the sports-world. Students can also learn many things from the pages of newspapers that fulfill their thirst for knowledge. The film fans go through the cinema page to get the thrill of the showbiz world. From the advertisement column the job seekers and traders get useful hints and details. In fact, by reading newspapers we can be up-to-date and we need it in order to face the competitive changing world. However, sometimes a newspaper misleads people. Some of the newspapers publish news supporting political parties. Sometimes they write columns to gain benefits from the ruling party. For this, misunderstanding takes place and many unexpected incidents happen. So, we can say that though a newspaper has some disadvantages, it has a lot of advantages too. On the whole, newspaper reading is a very good habit. In order to keep ourselves up-to-date with news and views, we should read newspaper daily  (Words : 208)

                                                 msev`cÎ cv‡Vi Myi“Z¡

msev`cÎ cvV GKwU fv‡jv Af¨vm hv Avgv‡`i‡K †`k we‡`‡ki AmsL¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| RbMY Avb›` I Z‡_¨i Rb¨ Zv cvV K‡i| GKRb ivRbxwZwe` ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cv‡i| GKRb A_©bxwZwe` Ges GKRb e¨emvqx A_©bxwZ I e¨emv m¤•‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i| µxov I †Ljvayjvq AvMÖnx †jv‡Kiv µxov RMr m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v_©xivI msev`c‡Îi cvZv †_‡K A‡bK wKQy Rvb‡Z cv‡i hv Zv‡`i Ávb Z…òv m¤•–Y© K‡i| Pjw”PÎvbyivMxiv wm‡bgvi cvZv c‡o wPË we‡bv`‡bi †ivgv Dc‡fvM K‡i| weÁvc‡bi Kjvg n‡Z PvKzwi cÖv_©x Ges e¨emvqxiv cÖ‡qvRbxq Bw½Z I wek` Z_¨ cvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶, msev`cÎ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Avgiv nvj bvMv` n‡Z cvwi Ges cÖwZØw›ØZvc–Y© cwieZ©bkxj wek¦ †gvKv‡ejvq GUv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb| hv †nvK msev`cÎ gv‡S gv‡S RbMb‡K weåvš@ K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv msev`cÎ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mg_©‡b msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i| gv‡S gv‡S Zviv ¶gZvmxb `‡ji wbKU myweav AR©‡bi Rb¨ msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i| G Kvi‡Y fzj eySveywSi m„wó nq Ges A‡bK AbvKvw¸¶Z NUbv N‡U| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h wKQy Amyweav _vKv m‡Ë¡I msev`c‡Îi A‡bK myweavI Av‡Q| †gv‡Ui Dci, msev`cÎ cov GKwU Lye fv‡jv Af¨vm| PjwZ msev` I gZvg‡Zi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i AeMZ ivL‡Z Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b msev`cÎ cov DwPZ|

A Winter Morning

A winter morning is both enjoyable and distressful. It is naturally a very cold morning. There is dense fog all around. Sometimes the fog is so dense that the sun rays can't get through it. Nothing can be seen even at a little distance. Everything looks hazy. The sun seems to rise late. Dew drops fall at night. When the morning sun peeps, they look like glittering gold on grasses and leaves. It is pleasant to the rich but curse to the poor. The poor village people and the slum dwellers in cities suffer greatly for want of warm clothes. Farmers have to go to the fields with their materials. The workers of low classes have to go to their workplace in the morning. In the villages, children and old people gather straw and make fires to warm themselves. The old people bask  in the sun or warm themselves beside fireplace. In the village market, some people come to sell 'date juice'. The scenery of towns is totally different from villages. The people of the town get up from bed a bit late.  They also enjoy the winter morning. Thus a winter morning is not only enjoyable but also distressful to people. (Words : 202)

kx‡Zi mKvj

kx‡Zi mKvj Dc‡fvM¨ I Kó`vqK DfqB| GwU cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Lye VvÊv GKwU mKvj| Pvwiw`‡K Nb Kzqvkv weivR K‡i| gv‡S gv‡S Kzqvkv G‡Zv Nb nq †h m–‡h©i Av‡jv GUv †f` Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| GgbwK mvgvb¨ `–‡ii †Kv‡bv wKQyI †`Lv hvq bv| mewKQyB Kzqvkv”Qbœ †`Lvq| m–h© †`wi‡Z D‡V e‡j g‡b nq| iv‡Z wkwki c‡o| mKv‡j hLb m–h© DuwK †`q ZLb wkwki we›`yMy‡jv‡K Nvm Ges cvZvi Dci PKPK Kiv ¯^‡Y©i g‡Zv †`Lvq| GwU abx‡`i Rb¨ Avb›``vqK wKš‘ `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ Awfkvc ¯^iƒc| MÖv‡gi `wi`ª †jvKRb Ges kn‡ii ew¯@evmxiv Mig Kvc‡oi Afv‡e LyeB hš¿Yv †fvM K‡i| K…lK‡`i‡K Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ wb‡q gv‡V †h‡Z nq| wbæ‡kÖwYi kÖwgK‡`i‡K mKv‡j Zv‡`i Kg©‡¶‡Î †h‡Z nq| MÖv‡g wkkyiv Ges e„× †jv‡Kiv Lo GKÎ K‡i wb‡R‡`i‡K Dò Kivi Rb¨ AvMyb R¡vjvq| e„× †jv‡Kiv †iv` †cvnvq wKsev AwMœKz‡Êi cv‡k e‡m wb‡R‡`i Dò K‡i| MÖv‡gi evRv‡i wKQy †jvK Ô†LRy‡ii imÕ wewµ Ki‡Z Av‡m| kn‡ii `„k¨ MÖv‡gi `„k¨cU †_‡K m¤•–Y©B Avjv`v| kn‡ii †jv‡Kiv wKQyUv †`wi‡Z weQvbv †_‡K D‡V| ZvivI kx‡Zi mKvj Dc‡fvM K‡i| ZvB kx‡Zi mKvj †jvKR‡bi wbKU kyaygvÎ Avb›``vqKB bq Kó`vqKI e‡U|

A Stormy Night

A stormy night is very horrible for the rural people and especially those living in thatched huts of our country. Last year I had a terrible and devastating experience of a stormy night. It was the Bangla month of Baishakh. One day in the afternoon, I went to a local market with my uncle to buy fish and other things. The day was very hot. All on a sudden, the wind dropped and the weather became uncanny. The northern sky began to grow dark and a big cloud began to move fast towards the south. My uncle told me to follow him fast. Within a few minutes there were heavy lightning and thunderbolts along with storm. By that time, the whole area was  completely dark and nothing was clearly visible. But the light of frequent lightning was making everything clear to see. Before my own eyes I saw a big jackfruit tree being uprooted. It made a great cracking sound. After a while we reached home and took shelter in our sitting room. The storm continued for two hours. After a period of massive devastation, the storm subsided. Many  a day has passed but I can never forget the memory of the stormy night. (Words : 204)

GKwU S‡oi ivZ

GKwU S‡oi ivZ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki MÖvg¨ †jvK‡`i we‡kl K‡i hviv L‡oi Kzu‡oN‡i evm K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ LyeB fqven| MZ eQi Avgvi GKwU S‡oi iv‡Zi fqven Ges wech©qKi AwfÁZv n‡qwQj| GUv wQj evsjv ˆekvL gvm| GKw`b we‡K‡j Avwg Avgvi PvPvi mv‡_ gvQ Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwbm wKb‡Z ¯’vbxq GKwU evRv‡i wM‡qwQjvg| w`bwU Lye Dò wQj| nVvr evZv‡mi MwZ K‡g †Mj Ges AvenvIqv f‚Zz‡o g‡b nj| Dˇii AvKvk AÜKvi n‡q DV‡Z kyi“ Kij Ges GKwU eo ai‡bi †gN `w¶Y w`‡K Lye `ª“Z †h‡Z kyi“ Kij| Avgvi PvPv `ª“Z Zuv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z ej‡jb| wKQy mg‡qi g‡a¨ weRjx PgKv‡Z kyi“ Kij Ges eRªcvZmn So kyi“ nj| †mB mgq mg¯@ GjvKv m¤•–Y©iƒ‡c AÜKvi n‡q DVj Ges †Kv‡bv wKQyB ¯•ófv‡e †`Lv hvw”Qj bv| wKš‘ Nb Nb weRjxi Av‡jv‡Z mewKQy ¯•ófv‡e †`Lv hvw”Qj| Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †`Ljvg GKwU eo KuvVvj MvQ Dc‡o †d‡j‡Q| GwU Lye Zx¶¥ AvIqvR K‡iwQj| wKQy¶Y ci Avgiv evwo †cuŠQjvg Ges Avgv‡`i emvi N‡i AvkÖq wbjvg| So `yNÈv hver P‡jwQj| wKQy mg‡qi cÖKvÊ aŸsmh‡Ái ci So †_‡gwQj| A‡bK w`b AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ †m iv‡Zi S‡oi ¯§„wZ KL‡bv fzj‡Z cvwi bv|

A Rainy Day

A rainy day is a day on which it rains in torrents continuously. The day is dull and gloomy. The sky remains cloudy all day long. The sky is not seen. Sometimes it rains heavily; sometimes it drizzles and sometimes gusts of wind blow. The heavy downpour is associated  with roars of thunder, flashes of lightning and stormy wind. Nobody can go out without an umbrella. Water stands on roads and roads become muddy and slippery. Sometimes people slip and fall on the muddy road. Rivers, tanks and canals swell up. Roads and paths become muddy and impassable. Many people walk along the road with shoes in hand and clothes folded up. A rainy day is bad for poor people. The day labourers cannot go to work. So they don't earn any money and may remain unfed. Students enjoy a holiday at home. The rich people who have no urgent work enjoy the day at home. They entertain themselves with rich dishes like bhuna khichuri, polao etc. The rain washes away dirt and dust and makes the soil soft. The farmers can prepare the fields for sowing seeds. Thus, though a rainy day has some negative aspects, it has positive effects too. However, a rainy day is not pleasant at all. (Words : 210)

GKwU e„wói w`b

e„wói w`b n‡”Q Ggb GKwU w`b †hw`b AbeiZ cÖejavivq e„wócvZ nq| w`bwU †gNv”Qbœ I AÜKvi _v‡K| mvivw`b AvKvk †gNv”Qbœ _v‡K| AvKvk †`Lv hvq bv| gv‡S gv‡S fvix el©Y nq, gv‡S gv‡S Myuwo Myuwo e„wó nq Ges gv‡S gv‡S `gKv nvIqv cÖevwnZ nq| cÖPzi e„wócv‡Zi mv‡_ eRªcv‡Zi MR©b, weRjxi SjKvwb I S‡ov nvIqvI hy³ nq| QvZv Qvov †KD evB‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv| iv¯@vq cvwb R‡g hvq Ges iv¯@vNvU K`©gv³ I wcw”Qj n‡q hvq| gv‡S gv‡S †jv‡Kiv cv wcQ‡j K`©gv³ iv¯@vq c‡o hvq| b`x, cyKzi, Lvj cvwb‡Z f‡i hvq, iv¯@vNvU Ges c_ K`©gv³ nq Ges cvi nIqv `yiƒn n‡q c‡o| A‡bK †jvK RyZv nv‡Z wb‡q Ges Kvco fuvR K‡i iv¯@v w`‡q †nu‡U hvq| e„wói w`b Mwie †jvK‡`i Rb¨ `yie¯’vi| w`bgRy‡iiv Kv‡R †h‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zviv A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, d‡j Zv‡`i‡K Afz³ _vK‡Z nq| wk¶v_©xiv evwo‡Z QywUi w`b wn‡m‡e w`bwU‡K Dc‡fvM K‡i| abx †jv‡Kiv hv‡`i †Kv‡bv Myi“Z¡c–Y© KvR _v‡K bv Zviv evwo‡Z †_‡K w`bwU Dc‡fvM K‡i| Zviv e¨qeûj Lvevi †hgb fzbv wLPzwo, †cvjvI BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i cwiZ…ß K‡i| e„wó gqjv AveR©bv ay‡q wb‡q hvq Ges gvwU big K‡i| K…l‡Kiv exR ec‡bi Rb¨ gvV cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB, hw`I e„wói w`‡bi wKQy †bwZevPK w`K i‡q‡Q, Gi BwZevPK w`KI Av‡Q| hv †nvK, e„wói w`b †gv‡UI myLKi bq|

A Picnic I Enjoyed

Last winter I went on a picnic which was full of enjoyment. We went to the National Park. Some of my classmates arranged the picnic. We were fifteen in number. We hired a microbus earlier. Within half an hour we got out of the city.  We were all singing inside the micro. At last at about 10 am, we reached the grand spot. After reaching we finished our breakfast. We did not take any cook with us. Two of our classmates Rana and Kamal took the charge of cooking. Sohel  and I dug a small hole to make a temporary cooker. We all started helping Rana and Kamal. Some of our friends fetched water from nearby sources. Others helped to prepare onion, garlic and other spices. At about half past 1 pm, the dish was ready. Everyone felt quite hungry. So, I started serving the prepared food. There were polao, roast, beef, salad etc. We finished our feast and retired to rest for about half an hour. One of our friends recited a great poem of Jibanananda Das. Ripon presented a joke on a voracious eater. Sumon who is a good singer presented two songs of Nazrul. We started for home at 5 pm after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic most and it is really a memorable day for me. (Words : 222)

GKwU eb‡fvRb hv Avwg Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg

MZ kx‡Z Avwg eb‡fvR‡b wM‡qwQjvg hv wQj Avb‡›` fiv| Avgiv RvZxq D`¨v‡b wM‡qwQjvg| Avgvi wKQy mncvVx eb‡fvR‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡iwQj| Avgiv msL¨vq c‡b‡iv Rb wQjvg| Avgiv Av‡MB GKwU gvB‡µvevm fvov K‡iwQjvg| Avav NÈvi g‡a¨B Avgiv bMi †cwi‡q †Mjvg| Avgiv mevB gvB‡µvev‡mi g‡a¨ Mvb Mvw”Qjvg| Ae‡k‡l Avgiv mKvj 10 Uvq Mš@‡e¨ †cuŠQvjvg| †cuŠ‡Q Avgiv mKv‡ji bv¯@v †kl Kijvg| Avgiv mv‡_ †Kv‡bv eveywP© †bBwb| ivbv I Kvgvj bv‡g Avgv‡`i `yBRb mncvVx ivbœvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQj| GKwU A¯’vqx Pzjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z †mv‡nj Ges Avwg GKwU †QvU MZ© Lyu‡owQjvg| ivbv I Kvgvj‡K Avgiv mvnvh¨ Kiv kyi“ K‡iwQjvg| Avgvi wKQy eÜz wbKU¯’ Drm †_‡K cvwb G‡bwQj| Ab¨iv †cuqvR, imyb Ges Ab¨vb¨ gkjv ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj|  cÖvq 1:30 wgwb‡U Lvevi cÖ¯‘Z n‡qwQj| cÖ‡Z¨‡K Lye ¶zavZ© wQj| ZvB Avwg cÖ¯‘ZK…Z Lvevi cwi‡ekb Kiv kyi“ Kijvg| †cvjvI, †iv÷, Mi“i gvsm, mvjv` cÖf…wZ wQj| Avgiv †fvR †kl Kijvg Ges cÖvq Avav NÈvi Rb¨ wekÖvg wbjvg| Avgv‡`i GKRb eÜz Rxebvb›` `v‡ki GKwU KweZv Ave„wË K‡iwQj| wicb GKRb †cUz‡Ki Ici GKwU †KŠZzK Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQj| mygb †h wKbv GKRb fv‡jv MvqK †m bRi“‡ji `ywU Mvb †M‡qwQj| Pv †L‡q Avgiv cuvPUvq evwoi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv w`jvg| Avgiv eb‡fvRb Lye Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg Ges GwU mwZ¨B Avgvi Rb¨ GKwU ¯§iYxq w`b wQj|

Your Hobby

Hobby is a pleasant pastime. It means a favourite occupation of a man. But it is not his main business. Gardening is my favourite  hobby which gives me much pleasure at my leisure. I have a small garden in front of our house. I work there in the morning and evening. I have planted many kinds of flower plants in my garden. I also grow vegetables there. In the morning I water the plants, make the soil loose and weed out the grass of my garden. Every afternoon or evening, I spend half an hour in the garden. I take care of the plants, water them again and also repair the fence if damaged. The rose, the beli, the sheuli, the dahlia etc. grow in my garden. When the flowers bloom, my joys know no bounds. On holidays, I work longer in my garden. Sometimes my friends, neighbours and relatives visit my garden. They become very glad to see my garden and appreciate my work very much. Gardening gives me recreation and amusement. It makes me forget my worries and anxieties. It relieves me from my routine bound work. Thus I get much pleasure from my hobby which is the most valuable thing. (Words : 203)

Avgvi kL

kL GKUv g‡bvig AeKvk hvcb| GUv GKRb †jv‡Ki wcÖq †ckv| wKš‘ GUv Zvi cÖavb †ckv/e¨emv bq| evMvb Kiv Avgvi wcÖq kL hv Avgv‡K Aemi mg‡q A‡bK Avb›` †`q| Avgv‡`i evwoi mvg‡b Avgvi GKwU †QvU evMvb Av‡Q| Avwg †mLv‡b mKv‡j I mܨvq KvR Kwi| Avwg Avgvi evMv‡b A‡bK cÖKv‡ii dz‡ji Pviv jvwM‡qwQ| Avwg †mLv‡b kvKmewRI Drcv`b Kwi| mKv‡j Avwg PvivMy‡jv‡Z cvwb †`B, gvwU AvjMv Kwi Ges Avgvi evMv‡bi Nvm Zz‡j †dwj| cÖ‡Z¨K Acivý ev mܨvq Avwg AvavNÈv evMv‡b KvUvB| Avwg PvivMy‡jvi hZœ †bB, evievi Zv‡`i cvwb †`B Ges ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡j †eov †givgZ Kwi| Avgvi evMv‡b †Mvjvc, †ejx, wkDjx, Wvwjqv cÖf…wZ dzj †dv‡U/R‡š§| dzj †dvU‡j Avgvi Avb‡›`i mxgv _v‡K bv| QywUi w`‡b Avwg evMv‡b AwaKZi mgq KvR Kwi| gv‡S gv‡S Avgvi eÜzevÜe, cÖwZ‡ekx I AvÍxqiv Avgvi evMvb †`L‡Z Av‡m| Zviv Avgvi evMvb †`‡L Lye Lywk nq Ges Avgvi Kv‡Ri Lye cÖksmv K‡i| evMvb Kiv Avgv‡K we‡bv`b I Avb›` †`q| GUv Avgvi `ytL I `ywðš@v fzwj‡q †`q| GUv Avgvi QK euvav KvR †_‡K Avgv‡K cÖkvwš@ †`q| Gfv‡e Avwg Avgvi kL n‡Z Avb›` cvB hv me‡P‡q g–j¨evb wRwbm

Tree/Tree Plantation

Since the dawn of civilization man has a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship with trees. As such, trees play an important role in our life and economy. Planting trees is a noble work as trees and plants supply oxygen, the most vital thing for our survival. Besides, they are a great source of food and vitamins. Trees also provide us with fruits, flowers and timber for furniture. They give shade and shelter to many people. They make the land fertile and save land from erosion. They attract rains, prevent drought, control flood and maintain ecological balance. All these things will be hampered, if there is lack of sufficient trees. Now a days, Bangladesh has been facing drought, excessive rainfall and floods because of tremendous shortage of her forests. We should therefore, make it a point to plant more trees than we cut down. Plenty of seedlings and saplings need to be planted on both sides of roads and in the unused barren lands around our houses. It is impossible to describe the importance and uses of trees in words. They are a part and parcel of our day to day life. In fact, tree plantation is necessary for the maintenance of ecological balance. (Words : 206)

e„¶/e„¶‡ivcY

mf¨Zvi ElvjMœ †_‡K cÖK…wZi mv‡_ gvby‡li GKwU Mfxi m¤•K© i‡q‡Q| gvbyl Mv‡Qi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| MvQ Avgv‡`i Rxeb Ges A_©bxwZ‡Z Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| e„¶‡ivcY GK gnr KvR †h‡nZz MvQcvjv Aw·‡Rb mieivn K‡i hv Avgv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Lye Myi“Z¡c–Y© e¯‘| GQvov Zviv Lv`¨ I wfUvwg‡bi eo Drm| MvQ Avgv‡`i dj, dzj Ges Avmevec‡Îi Rb¨ KvV †`q| Zviv A‡bK †jvK‡K Qvqv I AvkÖq †`q| Zviv f‚wg De©i K‡i Ges ¶q nIqv †_‡K Rwg i¶v K‡i| Zviv e„wó NUvq I Liv cÖwZ‡iva K‡i, eb¨v wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i| GB mewKQy ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡e, hw` h‡_ó cwigvY Mv‡Qi Afve _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b cÖPzi eb NvUwZi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k Liv, AwZwi³ e„wócvZ Ges eb¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i MvQ KvUvi PvB‡Z †ewk K‡i MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e| iv¯@vi Dfq cv‡k Ges cyKzi cv‡oi cÖavb c‡_ Ges Avgv‡`i evwoi Pvicv‡k Ae¨eüZ Abye©i Rwg‡Z cÖPzi Pviv I PvivMvQ †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi Myi“Z¡ I e¨envi eY©bv fvlvq cÖKvk Am¤¢e| Zviv Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| cwi‡k‡l, cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ e„¶‡ivcY AZ¨vek¨K|

Our College Library

A library is a part and parcel of an educational institution. We are really proud of having a very rich library in our college. Our college library is a great attraction for us. It is said that a library is a storehouse of knowledge which can help a man to satisfy his desire for knowing the unknown. Our college library has also a very rich collection of books on various subjects namely novels, fictions, story books, poetry books, plays, autobiographies and periodicals- all arranged in a systematic way in our well decorated library. Books on religion and sports are also available here. Our college library is housed on the 2nd floor of our academic building. Attached to the library there is a well furnished reading room for the students and the teachers. A pin drop silence prevails in the reading room. An efficient and well qualified librarian handles the activities of the library. He is assisted by three peons who are very expert in finding out books to the readers. There exists a calm, quiet and serene  atmosphere in our library. Books are issued against library cards. In fact, our college library is a part and parcel of our college life. (Words : 201)

 

Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMvi

jvB‡eªwi GKwU wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R GKwU LyeB mg„× cvVvMvi _vKvq Avgiv LyeB Mwe©Z| Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMvi Avgv‡`i Rb¨ GK weivU AvKl©Y| cvVvMvi‡K ÁvbfvÛvi ejv n‡q _v‡K hv GKRb †jvK‡K Zvi ARvbv‡K Rvbvi B”Qv/ AvMÖn †gUv‡bvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMv‡iI wewfbœ wel‡qi †hgb Dcb¨vm, AjxK Kvwnbx, M‡íi eB, KweZvi eB, bvUK, RxebKvwnbx Ges BwZnvm, `k©b, mvwnZ¨ cÖf…wZ eB‡qi GK wekvj m¤¢vi Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i mymw¾Z cvVvMv‡i wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z mw¾Z mvgwqK cwÎKv, g¨vMvwRb I †cwiIwWK¨vjmI Av‡Q| GLv‡b ag©xq I †Ljvayjvi eBI cvIqv hvq| Avgv‡`i GKv‡WwgK fe‡bi 2q Zjvq Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMviwU Aew¯’Z| wk¶v_©x Ges wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ cvVvMv‡ii m‡½ mshy³ GKwU mymw¾Z covi Ni Av‡Q| covi NiwU‡Z wcbcZb wb¯@äZv weivR K‡i| GKRb `¶ I mywkw¶Z MÖš’vMvwiK/jvB‡eªwiqvb cvVvMv‡ii Kvh©vejx cwiPvjbv K‡ib| cvVK‡`i wbKU eB Lyu‡R †c‡Z wZb Rb AZ¨š@ `¶ wcqb Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avgv‡`i cvVvMv‡i kvš@, wbS©ÄvU I †Kvjvnjgy³ cwi‡ek weivRgvb| jvB‡eªwi Kv‡W©i eive‡i eB Bmy¨ Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶, Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMvi Avgv‡`i K‡jR Rxe‡bi GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask|

Patriotism

Patriotism, an inherent quality in a man, is one of the noblest virtues. It means love for and devotion to one’s country. It inspires a man to do everything just and fair for the well-being of the country. Love for one’s own country purifies one’s mind, removes the narrowness of heart and helps one to be selflessly inspired. Patriotic zeal makes a man dutiful, energetic and enthusiastic. Patriotism teaches a man fellow feeling, fraternity and love and sympathy for countrymen. A patriot does not hesitate even to sacrifice his own life for the cause of his country. A true patriot is a selfless lover of his country. So, he is praised and honoured by his countrymen. On the other hand, an unpatriotic man is self-centred. So, he is hated by all. He may have high titles, immense wealth, high social prestige and noble birth, but despite his worldly achievement, he remains a worthless person. An unpatriotic man dies a double death. On the contrary, a patriot is immortal and remains in the hearts of the people even to face any odd challenge as fleeing or trivial. Titumir, Tipu Sultan, Isa Khan, Khudiram, Surja Sen, Pritilata set up glaring examples of patriotism in this sub-continent. (Words : 204)

†`k‡cÖg

†`k‡cÖg, hv gvby‡li GKwU mnRvZ MyY, Zv gnËg MyYvejxi Ab¨Zg| Gi gv‡b wbR †`‡ki cÖwZ KviI fv‡jvevmv I fw³| GwU GKRb gvbyl‡K †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Y mewKQy b¨vqm½Zfv‡e I ¯^”Qiƒ‡c Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| wbR †`‡ki Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv KviI gb‡K wbg©j K‡i, ü`‡qi msKxY©Zv `–i K‡i Ges KvD‡K wbt¯^v_©fv‡e DØy× n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †`k‡cÖ‡gi DÏxcbv gvbyl‡K `vwqZ¡kxj, Kg©kw³m¤•bœ I Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| †`k‡cÖg GKRb gvbyl‡K eÜzfve, åvZ…Z¡‡eva Ges †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv I mnvbyf‚wZ †kLvq| GKRb †`kÖ‡cÖwgK Zvi †`‡ki Rb¨ GgbwK Zvi wbR Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡ZI BZ¯@Z K‡i bv| mwZ¨Kvi †`k‡cÖwgK Zvi †`‡ki GKRb wbt¯^v_© †cÖwgK| ZvB wZwb Zvi †`kevmx Øviv cÖkswmZ I m¤§vwbZ nb| Ab¨w`‡K, GKRb †`k‡cÖgewR©Z †jvK Av͇Kw›`ªK nq| ZvB †m mK‡ji N„Yvi cvÎ nq| Zvi D”P †LZve, cÖPzi ab-m¤•`, D”P mvgvwRK gh©v`v I D”P esk _vK‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zvi RvMwZK AR©b m‡Ë¡I †m g–j¨nxb e¨w³B †_‡K hvq| †`k‡cÖgewR©Z †jv‡Ki `yÕevi g„Zz¨ nq| wecix‡Z, GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK Agi Ges GgbwK g„Zz¨i ciI wZwb gvby‡li ü`‡q weivR K‡ib| wZZzgxi, wUcy myjZvb, Ckv Luv, ¶zw`ivg, m–h©‡mb, cÖxwZjZv G Dcgnv‡`‡k †`k‡cÖ‡gi D¾¡j `„óvš@ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|

National Flag

A national flag is the symbol of independence and sovereignty of a free country. Every free nation of the world has its own national flag. Similarly, Bangladesh has also a national flag as she is an independent and sovereign country. Bangladesh got this national flag on December 16, 1971 after a nine-month long valiant struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupied Pakistani army. The flag is rectangular in size having a proportion of 10 : 6. There are two colours in our national flag – bottle green and red. The green colour of our flag stands for everlasting youth, freshness and vigour of the nation. It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The deep red round colour part symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It also stands for the supreme sacrifices of our heroic freedom fighters who laid down their lives for the cause of their motherland. The flag is hoisted everyday on top of government buildings, educational institutions and offices. It is hoisted everywhere on the Independence Day and the Victory Day. Besides, it is hoisted half mast on national and international mourning days. Whenever we see our national flag flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. We feel proud of our national flag. (Words : 211)

RvZxq cZvKv

RvZxq cZvKv GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖZxK| we‡k¦i cÖwZwU ¯^vaxb iv‡ó«i wbR¯^ RvZxq cZvKv i‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e evsjv‡`‡kiI RvZxq cZvKv Av‡Q KviY GwU GKwU ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg †`k| `Lj`vi cvwK¯@vbx †mbv‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i exi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i bq gvme¨vcx exiZ¡c–Y© msMÖv‡gi ci 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`k GB RvZxq cZvKv jvf K‡i| cZvKvwU AvqZvKvi hvi AbycvZ 10 : 6| Avgv‡`i RvZxq cZvKvq `yÕwU is Av‡Q- Mvp meyR I jvj| Avgv‡`i cZvKvi meyR iO RvwZi wPi †hŠeb, m‡ZRZv I DÏxcbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki meyR k¨vgwjgviI cÖZxK| Mvp jvj e„ËvskwU ¯^vaxbZvi D`xqgvb m–‡h©i cÖZxK| GwU Avgv‡`i exi gyw³‡hv×v, huviv gvZ…f‚wgi Rb¨ Zuv‡`i Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuv‡`i m‡e©v”P AvÍZ¨vM‡KI †evSvq| cZvKvwU miKvix feb, wk¶vcÖwZôvb I wewfbœ Kvh©vj‡qi Qv‡` cÖwZw`b Dov‡bv nq| ¯^vaxbZv w`em I weRq w`e‡m GwU me©Î D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| cvkvcvwk, ivó«xq I Avš@R©vwZK †kvK w`em My‡jv‡Z GwU Aa©bwgZ ivLv nq| hLbB Avgiv Avgv‡`i RvZxq cZvKv Do‡Z †`wL, Avgv‡`i gb Avb‡›` f‡i I‡V Ges ü`q M‡e© dz‡j I‡V| Avgiv Avgv‡`i RvZxq cZvKv wb‡q Me©‡eva Kwi|

Early Rising

The habit of early rising provides a lot of benefits to the early riser. It is really a very good habit for a human being. A man who rises early in the morning can from many other good habits. All these good habits can lead him or her to the zenith of success. It is of special use to a man in various ways. It is essential for maintaining good health. Firstly, an early riser can take some exercises daily or a walk in the morning fresh air by the river side or in the open field. The morning air full of oxygen refreshes his body and mind. Secondly, he can enjoy the calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. Thirdly, he can enjoy the beauty of nature full of colourful flowers, green fields and the chirping of birds. All these make an early riser cheerful and healthy. Fourthly, he can start his daily work earlier without any worry or haste. Thus he gets enough time to work, earn more and become wealthy. The habit of early rising reminds everybody of the creator and one feels like praying to God. Thus he becomes wise. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health, wealth and wisdom. (Words : 206)

†fv‡i IVv

†fv‡i Nyg †_‡K IVvi Af¨vmwU hviv mKvj mKvj Nyg n‡Z I‡V Zv‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK myweavi KviY nq| GwU mwZ¨B GKRb gvby‡li Rb¨ Lye fv‡jv GKwU Af¨vm| GKRb e¨w³ †h Lye mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K I‡V, Ab¨vb¨ fv‡jv Af¨vm MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB mKj fv‡jv Af¨vm Zv‡K mvd‡j¨i kx‡l© wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœfv‡e G Af¨vm GKRb gvby‡li we‡kl Kv‡R jv‡M| my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ GwU Avek¨K| cÖ_gZ, †fv‡i IVv GKRb †jvK b`xZx‡i wKsev duvKv gv‡V mKv‡ji gy³ evZv‡m †ivR e¨vqvg Ki‡Z wKsev nuvU‡Z cv‡i| Aw·‡Rbc–Y© mKv‡ji evZvm Zvi kixi I gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i| wØZxqZ, †m me©Î kvš@ cwi‡ek Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z…ZxqZ, †m iwOb dzj, meyR gvV I cvwLi Wv‡K fiv cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GmewKQy †fv‡i IVv GKRb †jvK‡K cyjwKZ I ¯^v¯’¨evb K‡i †Zv‡j| PZz_©Z, †m †Kv‡bv `ywðš@v wKsev wØav QvovB Zvi w`‡bi KvR AviI ZvovZvwo kyi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e †m Kv‡Ri h‡_ó mgq cvq, AwaK A_© DcvR©b K‡i Ges m¤•`kvjx n‡q I‡V| †fv‡i IVvi Af¨vm cÖ‡Z¨K‡K m„wóKZ©vi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q Ges GKRb e¨w³ mªóvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z AvMÖn‡eva K‡i| Gfv‡e †m Ávbx n‡q I‡V| ZvB †fv‡i IVvi Af¨vm ¯^v¯’¨, m¤•` I Áv‡bi Drm|

Sound Pollution

There are many causes of sound pollution having harmful effects on human body and mind. Sound pollution occurs when the vibration of sound is harsh, sharp and unpleasant to the ears. Acute sound pollution occurs in towns, cities and industrial areas. There are many causes of sound pollution. Enormous growth of human population and increasing use of machines in industrial works are among the main causes of sound pollution. Hydraulic horns and whistles of different motor vehicles plying on the roads also cause serious sound pollution. The grinding sounds of mills and factories also contribute to sound pollution to a great extent. Listening to music using microphones and loudspeakers, beating various kinds of drums, shouting of slogans on the roads also cause serious harmful sound pollution. Sound pollution causes many fatal diseases like heart attack, hyper tension, blood pressure, deafness etc. The normal growth of the children and the patients in hospitals are greatly affected by sound. Unmelodious and discontented sound often hinders the students to concentrate on their studies. It is man and the environment that can avert sound pollution for a healthy and happy life. The responsible authority of the government should take proper steps to reduce sound pollution to the limit of tolerance.  (Words : 206)

kã `–lY

kã `–l‡Yi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q hv gvby‡li gb I kix‡i ¶wZKi cÖfve †d‡j| k‡ãi K¤•b hLb kyb‡Z kÖ“wZKUz, KK©k Ges Am‡š@vlRbK nq ZLbB kã `–lY N‡U _v‡K| Zxeª kã `–lY kni, bMi I wkí GjvKvq msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| kã `–l‡Yi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| RbmsL¨vi gvÎvwZwi³ e„w×, wkív‡j h‡š¿i AwZwi³ e¨envi kã `–l‡Yi cÖavb KviY| iv¯@vq PvwjZ wewfbœ †gvUi Mvwoi nvB‡WªvwjK nY© I ûB‡mjI Zxeª kã `–l‡Yi KviY| Kj-KviLvbv †_‡K m„ó kã kã `–l‡Yi †cQ‡b eûj cwigv‡Y `vqx| gvB‡µv‡dvb I jvDWw¯•Kv‡i Mvb †kvbv, wewfbœ ai‡bi Wªvg evRv‡bv, †kÐvMv‡bi wPrKvi BZ¨vw`I kã `–l‡Yi ¶wZKi KviY n‡q _v‡K| kã `–lY nvU© A¨vUvK, D”P i³Pvc, ewaiZv BZ¨vw`i gZ gvivÍK †iv‡Mi KviY n‡q _v‡K| wkky‡`i ¯^vfvweK e„w× I nvmcvZv‡j †ivMxiv kã `–lY Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡q _v‡K| kÖ“wZKUz I Am‡š@vlRbK kã cÖvqB wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡kvbvq g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z evav m„wó K‡i _v‡K| gvbyl I cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v ¯^v¯’¨Ki I myLx Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ kã `–lY wbeviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡cÖvß KZ…©c‡¶i DwPZ kã `–lY mn¨ mxgvq bvwg‡q Avb‡Z h_vh_ c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv|

E-learning

E-learning or electronic learning refers to using electronic applications and processes to learn. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. E-learning was first called "Internet-based training then "Web-Based Training". Today we will still find these terms being used. E-learning can be CD-ROM-based, network-based, intranet-based or internet-based. It can include text, video, audio, animation and virtual environments. It can be a very rich learning experience that can even surpass the level of training we might experience in a crowded classroom. It's self-paced, hands-on learning. The quality of the electronic-based training, as in every form of training, is in its content and its delivery. E-learning can suffer from many of the same pitfalls as classroom training, such as boring slides, monotonous speech, and little opportunity for interaction. The beauty of e-learning, however, is that new software allows the creation of very effective learning environments that can engulf us in the material. We'll use software from Trainersoft as an example to show us how the process works. E-learning is such a process through which we can learn many things staying at home. So we should receive the blessings of this method. (Words : 210)

B-jvwb©s

B-jvwb©s A_ev B‡jKUªwbK jvwb©s ej‡Z wk¶v AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ B‡jKUªwbK A¨vwcЇKkbm I cÖ‡mm mg–‡ni e¨envi‡K †evSvq| B-jvwb©s A¨vwcЇKkbm& I cÖ‡mmmg–n I‡qe-wfwËK wk¶v, Kw¤•DUvi-wfwËK wk¶v, fvPz©qvj †kÖYxK¶mg–n I wWwRUvj mn‡hvwMZvq wk¶vmg–n‡K Aš@fz©³ K‡i| wk¶vi welqe¯‘ B›Uvi‡bU, BbUªv‡bU/ G·Uªv‡bU, AwWI A_ev wfwWI †Uc, m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf Ges CD-ROM Gi mvnv‡h¨ we¯@„Z| B-jvwb©s‡K cÖ_‡g ÒB›Uvi‡bU wfwËK AbykxjbÓ I c‡i ÒI‡qe-wfwËK AbykxjbÓ ejv n‡Zv| AvRI Avgiv GB mg¯@ e¨eüZ Uv‡g©i †LuvR K‡i _vwK| B-jvwb©s CD-ROM-wfwËK, †bUIqvK©-wfwËK, BbUªv‡bU-wfwËK A_ev B›Uvi‡bU-wfwËK n‡Z cv‡i| GUv †U·U, wfwWI, AwWI, A¨vwb‡gkb Ges fvPz©qvj cwi‡ekmg–n‡K Aš@fz©³ K‡i| GUv n‡Z cv‡i A‡bK DbœZ gv‡bi wk¶Y AwfÁZv hv Avgv‡`i Rbeûj †kÖYxK¶mg–‡ni cÖwk¶Y AwfÁZvi ch©vq‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi Av‡Q wbR¯^-MwZgqZv, nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq wk¶v| B‡jKUªwbK-wfwËK cÖwk¶‡Yi gvb †hb mg¯@ cÖwk¶‡Yi MVb I welqe¯‘i gvb‡K Zz‡j a‡i| B-jvwb©s †kÖYxK‡¶ cÖwk¶‡Yi gZ GKB weåvwš@‡Z Avµvš@ n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi g‡a¨ weiw³Ki úvBWmg–n, GK‡N‡qwgc–Y© e³…Zv Ges mvgvb¨ wg_w¯Œqvi my‡hvM Ab¨Zg| hv †nvK B-jvwb©s Gi †mŠ›`h© n‡”Q bZzb bZzb mdUIq¨vi hv Avgv‡`i‡K LyeB Kvh©Ki wk¶Y cwi‡e‡ki m„wói cÖwZ DØy× K‡i hv Avgv‡`i‡K wk¶vi mg¯@ Dcv`vb wgwkÖZ K‡i c–Y©Zv †`q| GB cÖwµqvwU wKfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv Avgiv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cixw¶Z mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i †`L‡ev| B-jvwb©s Ggb GKwU c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g Avgiv N‡i e‡m A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z cvwi| ZvB Avgv‡`i GB c×wZi Avkxe©v` MÖnY Kiv DwPZ|

Global Warming

Global warning is one of the most talked topics of the present world. There are many reasons of global warming around the world and it has disastrous effects on us. Greenhouse effect is the main cause of global warming. The rise in the atmospheric temperature is known as greenhouse effect. Our atmosphere is guarded by an ozone layer which resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun. But deforestation around us and the increased amount of carbon dioxide, methane and chloro fluoro carbons affect that layer. The heat of the sun enters directly into the atmosphere of the earth. Scientists are worried about this increased heat because it is melting the ice in the polar-regions. If this process continues for a long time, the layer of water in the oceans will rise and flood coastal areas and farm lands of Bangladesh. besides, this will reduce mankind's ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wild life and wilderness. So, greenhouse effect is the main cause of global warming along with deforestation and rise of CFC gas. So, in order to solve this problem we have to prevent or reduce the amount of emission of greenhouse gases. We should give it the highest importance to save the world. (Words : 207)

ˆewk¦K DòZv

ˆewk¦K DòZv eZ©gvb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwPZ welqMy‡jvi GKwU| mvivwe‡k¦ ˆewk¦K DòZvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q Ges Avgv‡`i Dci Gi me©bvkv djvdj i‡q‡Q| MÖxbnvDR cÖfve ˆewk¦K DòZvi cÖavb KviY| evqygÊj msµvš@ ZvcgvÎvi e„w×B MÖxbnvDR cÖfve bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avgv‡`i evqygÊj I‡Rvb¯@i Øviv myiw¶Z hv m–‡h©i Avëªv fv‡qv‡jU iwk¥i cÖ‡e‡k cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki e„¶wbab Ges Kve©b WvBA·vBW, wg‡_b Ges †K¬v‡iv-†d¬v‡iv Kve©‡bi e„w× †mB ¯@i‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| m–‡h©i Zvc c„w_exi evqygʇj mivmwi cÖ‡ek K‡i| weÁvbxiv GB Zvc e„w×i Kvi‡Y DwØMœ KviY GwU †gi“ A‡ji eid‡K Mwj‡q †dj‡Q| hw` GB cÖwµqv eûw`b Pj‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j mvM‡ii cvwbi ¯@i e„w× cv‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKv I K…wl Rwg cÐvweZ n‡e| ZvQvov GwU gvby‡li Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi ¶gZv‡K n«vm Ki‡e, eb¨ Rx‡ei gvivÍK aŸsm I ¶wZ Ki‡e| myZivs MÖxbnvDR cÖfve e„¶wbab I wmGdwm M¨v‡mi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ ˆewk¦K DòZvi cÖavb KviY| myZivs GB mgm¨v mgvavb K‡í Avgv‡`i MÖxbnvDR M¨vm wbM©gb cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z ev Kgv‡Z n‡e| c„w_ex‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i DwPZ GwU‡K m‡e©v”P Myi“Z¡ †`Iqv|

Street Accident

Street accident is the most vulnerable, unexpected, intolerable incident in human life. It usually happens in a sudden happy moment and turns the happiness into sorrow and sufferings. Nowadays, Bangladesh becomes one of the most accident prone countries where generally, this bad incident happens mostly. It generally takes place on the High Streets, where all the vehicles are always in a hurry. All on a sudden, this busy road turns to a pathetic place holding some dead and injured. Street accident caused this kind of unexpected incident but if we find the reasons of this, then, at first the ignorance of traffic rules is found. Always we ignore the traffic rules as if we love to do it and it causes accident. Most of the vehicles are nearly damaged but they are on road, the drivers are not well trained and not sincere to their duty etc. Because of these above mentioned reasons, street accident usually happens. So people lose their life, the most valuable thing, property and so many important things. And to solve this, some attempts should be taken by the government and individual alike. Making the traffic rules strict, we should make people aware of it and in all, individual should take care of these rules and maintain it. (Words : 212)

moK `yN©Ubv

moK `yN©Ubv n‡”Q gvby‡li Rxe‡b me‡P‡q Ac–iYxq, AcÖZ¨vwkZ, Amnbxq NUbv| GwU mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv myLx mg‡q N‡U Ges GB myL‡K `ytL Ges `y`©kvq cwiYZ K‡i| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k `yN©UbvcÖeY †`kMy‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg, †hLv‡b me‡P‡q †ewk GB Akyf NUbv N‡U _v‡K| GwU mvaviYZ gnvmoKMy‡jv‡Z msNwUZ nq, †hLv‡b mKj cÖKvi hvbevnb memgq `ª“ZMwZ‡Z P‡j _v‡K| nVvr GB moK wKQy g„Z Ges AvnZ‡`i Ki“Y ¯’v‡b cwiYZ nq| moK `yN©Ubv GB iKg AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbvi KviY| wKš‘ Avgiv hw` Gi KviY Lyu‡R †`L‡Z hvB ZLb cÖ_‡gB cv‡ev UªvwdK Gi AÁZv| memgq Avgiv UªvwdK AvBb f½ Kwi †hb Avgiv GUv Ki‡Z fv‡jvevwm Ges Gi Kvi‡YB `yN©Ubv N‡U| †ewkifvM hvbevnbB cÖvq ¶wZMÖ¯@ wKš‘ Zviv mo‡KB Av‡Q, PvjKMY mwVKfv‡e cÖwk¶Y cÖvß bq Ges Zviv Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx bq| mvaviYZ Dc‡i D‡jÐwLZ KviYMy‡jvi Kvi‡Y moK `yN©Ubv N‡U| ZvB gvbyl Zv‡`i cÖvY, g–j¨evb wRwbm, m¤•` Ges Av‡iv A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm nvivq| Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ miKvi Ges e¨w³MZfv‡e wKQy c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| UªvwdK AvBb K‡Vvi K‡i Avgiv RbMY‡K G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb Ki‡Z cvwi Ges m‡e©vcwi, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki G AvBbMy‡jv m¤•‡K© mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|

My Favourite Teacher

Mr. IRFAN is my most favourite teacher. He teaches us English. He has a unique quality to teach English. He presents his lesson in the class in a fantastic way that attracts all students. His nice pronunciation and art of speaking make the students spell-bound to give full attention to his lecture. But he is very easy and lucid in his expression. He is quite active in the classroom with his movements and sayings. He gives us many valuable suggestions. Students always become active participants of his class. He usually shares his own ideas and views with the students through instructions and interrogations. He has an extra-ordinary ability to explore the potentials of students. He never discourages his students by attacking them on any ground. It is his most uncommon quality that students praise significantly. He is always regular and punctual in his classes. He makes his lessons very easy and interesting. With an extra-ordinary depth of knowledge in his subject he is an excellent teacher. He is honest, sincere and responsible and with all his good qualities he has become a great personality. In fact, his greatness has created a sense of inspiration to me. Now I often dream to be a teacher in future like him. Truly I like my teacher so much. (Words : 219)

Avgvi wcÖq wk¶K

Rbve Bidvb  Avgvi me‡P‡q wcÖq wk¶K| wZwb Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR covb| Zvi Bs‡iwR cov‡bvi GK Ac–e© aib i‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi cvV‡K †kÖYxK‡¶ G‡Zv PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib hv Zvi mKj wk¶v_©x‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i| Zvi my›`i D”PviY Ges K_v ejvi fw½ wk¶v_©x‡`i gš¿gy» K‡i Zvi wk¶v`v‡b c–Y© g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi Awfe¨w³‡Z LyeB mij I ¯^”Q| wZwb †kÖYxK‡¶ Zvi Pjv‡div I evPbfw½‡Z cwic–Y©iƒ‡c mwµq| wZwb Avgv‡`i‡K A‡bK g–j¨evb Dc‡`k cÖ`vb K‡ib| wk¶v_©xiv me©`v Zvi K¬v‡m AskMÖn‡Y mwµq _v‡K| wZwb mvaviYZ Zvi wbR¯^ aviYv I gZvgZ wb‡`©kbv I cÖkœ †Rivi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i m‡½ fvMvfvwM K‡ib| wk¶v_©x‡`i myß cÖwZfv weKvk mva‡b Zvi we‡kl ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| GwU Zvi me‡P‡q AmvaviY MyY hv Zvi wk¶v_©xiv we‡klfv‡e cÖksmv K‡i| wZwb Zvi †kÖYxK‡¶ me©`v wbqwgZ I mgqvbyewZ©| wZwb Zvi cvV‡K LyeB mnR I gRvi ˆZwi K‡ib| wZwb Zvi wel‡qi Áv‡bi GK we¯§qKi MfxiZv wb‡q GKRb DrK…ó wk¶Kiƒ‡c cwiwPZ| mr, AK…wÎg Ges `vwqZ¡kxj cÖf…wZ mKj fv‡jv MyYvejxi Rb¨ wZwb Avgv‡`i K‡j‡Ri GKRb we‡kl e¨w³‡Z¡ cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| g–jZ, Zvi gnZ¡ Avgvi gv‡S GK ai‡bi Drmv‡ni m„wó K‡i‡Q| GLb Avwg cÖvqB fwel¨‡Z Zvi g‡Zv GKRb wk¶K nIqvi ¯^cœ †`wL| mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Avwg Avgvi wk¶K‡K Lye fv‡jvevwm|

Festivals in Bangladesh

There are several popular festivals in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is mainly a Muslim country. But there are other religious groups living in the country as well. They are Hindus, Christians, Buddhists. Of course, a number of tribal people live in different areas of the country. There is no trace of division among the groups. Each group of people enjoys the same kind of social and national identity, that is, Bangladeshi. They have equal rights to the state facilities. The lifestyle of all the groups is almost the same irrespective of their religious identity. This unique relationship is reflected on how they celebrate their respective religious festivals. People of one religious group participate in the religious festival of other religious groups and enjoy it. Even in most cases one group assists the people of other groups in arranging their festivals. It happens especially when people of small religious groups arrange their religious festivals. For example, when the Hindu community arranges their Puja festivals, a lot of Muslims and other religious groups join them. The Hindus and other religious groups also enjoy the Eid festival of the Muslims. When the Christians arrange their Christmas, people of other religious groups participate in the festival and enjoy greetings to each other. So the festivals are commonly popular in Bangladesh. (Words : 214)

evsjv‡`‡ki Drmemg–n

evsjv‡`‡k c„_K wKQy RbwcÖq Drme i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k g–jZ GKwU gymwjg †`k| wKš‘ GLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq RbmvaviYI emevm K‡i| Zviv n‡jv wn›`y, wLªóvb, †eŠ×| Aek¨ wKQy msL¨K Avw`evmx †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq emevm K‡i| G mKj m¤•Ö`v‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv we‡f` Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji †jvKRbB GKB ai‡bi mvgvwRK Ges RvZxq cwiPq Dc‡fvM K‡i, hv n‡jv evsjv‡`wk| ivó«xq my‡hvM-myweavq Zv‡`i mgvb AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| mKj m¤•Ö`v‡qi RbM‡Yi Rxebaviv Zv‡`i ag©xq cwiwPwZ Abyhvqx GKB| GB Ac–e© m¤•‡K©i cÖwZ”Qwe dz‡U I‡V Kxfv‡e Zviv ¯^ ¯^ ag©xq Abyôvb D`hvcb K‡i| GK ag©xq `j Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq `‡ji ag©xq Abyôvb/Drm‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Ges Dc‡fvM K‡i| GgbwK cÖvq me †¶‡ÎB GK m¤•Ö`v‡qi RbMY Ab¨ m¤•Ö`v‡qi RbM‡Yi Drme Av‡qvRb Kivq mvnvh¨ ev mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| GwU N‡U we‡klZ hLb ¶z`ª ag©xq `jxq RbMY Zv‡`i ag©xq Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, hLb wn›`y m¤•Ö`vq Zv‡`i c–Rv Drme Av‡qvRb K‡i A‡bK gymwjg Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq `jxq †jvK Zv‡`i m‡½ †hvM`vb K‡i| wn›`y Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq †jvK I gymwjg‡`i C` Drme Dc‡fvM K‡i| hLb wLªóvbiv Zv‡`i wµ÷gvm Av‡qvRb K‡i, Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq †jvK/RbMY GB Drm‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Ges G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ ky‡f”Qv wewbgq K‡i| myZivs, DrmeMy‡jv evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYfv‡e RbwcÖq|

A Good Teacher

A teacher is one who proves herself/himself very much useful and ideal to the students. Actually a good teacher possesses a number of good qualities. She/he is a person of great learning. She/he appears before the students as a great personality with immense knowledge in various subjects of interest. Students usually take her/him with great respect and confidence. As she/he builds up the career of the young generation, she/he must be very much loving to them. A good teacher is always curious about the students. She/he finds out the creative sides of the students and stirs their potentialities. She/he never likes passive students in the classroom. She/he always tries to stimulate students so that they contribute to the development of the class activities. By making them competent and happy with their lessons a good teacher makes them confident of their worth. She/he wants to make her/his students skilled in practical application of the lessons. She/he undergoes various academic and administrative training courses and equips herself/ himself with necessary resources and efficiencies. A good teacher is an asset to the society. She/he plays the most important role to build the nation. So a good teacher should be duly honoured and properly placed in the society. (Words : 217)

GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K

GKRb wk¶K wZwb whwb Zvi wk¶v_©x‡`i wbKU wb‡R‡K LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges Av`k© wn‡m‡e cÖKvk K‡ib| g–jZ GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K fv‡jv MyYvejx aviY K‡ib| wZwb weØvb e¨w³| wZwb wewfbœ wel‡q Acwi‡gq Áv‡bi GKRb gnvb e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e wk¶v_©x‡`i wbKU Avwef‚©Z nb| wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡K we‡kl m¤§vb I Av¯’vi mwnZ MÖnY K‡i| †h‡nZz wZwb hye m¤•Ö`v‡qi RxweKvR©‡bi aviv ˆZwi K‡ib, †m‡nZz Zv‡`i mevi Kv‡Q Zvi wcÖq/MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqv DwPZ| GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K me©`v wk¶v_©x‡`i wel‡q/m¤•‡K© DrmyK| wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i m„Rbkxj w`KMywj Lyu‡R †ei K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i m¤¢vebvgq w`KMywj‡K D‡ËwRZ K‡ib| wZwb †kÖwYK‡¶ KL‡bv wbw®Œq wk¶v_©x cQ›` K‡ib bv| wZwb me©`v wk¶v_©x‡`i DÏxß Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib, hv‡Z Zviv †kÖwYK‡¶i Kvh©vejxi DbœqbK‡í AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K Zvi wk¶v`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †hvM¨ I Lywk K‡i wZwb Zvi †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZ Zv‡`i Av¯’vevb K‡i †Zv‡jb| wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i Zvi Aa¨v‡q ev¯@e e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g `¶ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z Pvb| wZwb wewfbœ cÖvwZôvwbK I cÖkvmwbK cÖwk¶Y MÖnY K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤•` I `¶Zvq mymw¾Z K‡ib| GKRb fvj wk¶K mgv‡Ri GKwU m¤•`| wZwb RvwZ MV‡b AZ¨š@  g–j¨evb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| myZivs GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K cwic–Y©iƒ‡c m¤§vwbZ Ges Zv‡`i‡K mgv‡Ri mwVK/wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b emv‡Z n‡e|

 

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse effect is the curse of global warming. The rise in atmospheric temperature is known as the greenhouse effect. Our atmosphere is guarded by an ozone layer which resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun. The ultra-violet ray is very harmful for the environment. But deforestation around us and the increased amount of carbon dioxide, methane and chloro-floro carbons affect that layer. As a result the heat of the sun enters directly into the atmosphere of the earth. This situation is making the worlds warmer and causing climate change throughout the world. Scientists are worried about this increased heat because it is melting the ice in the polar regions (†gi“ AÂj). If this process continues for a long time, the layer of water in the oceans will rise and flood coastal areas and farm lands of Bangladesh will go under water. besides, this will reduce mankind's ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wild life and wilderness. So, for making our dear earth safe, we should plant as many trees as possible. We have to prevent or reduce the amount of emission of green house gases. Everybody should take part to make a safe world. United efforts are essential to solve this global problem. (Words : 205)  

MÖxbnvD‡Ri cÖfve

MÖxbnvD‡Ri cÖfve n‡”Q ˆewk¦K DòZvi Awfkvc| evqygÊjxq ZvcgvÎv e„w×B MÖxbnvDR cÖfve bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avgv‡`i evqygÊj I‡Rvb¯@i Øviv myiw¶Z, hv m–‡h©i AwZ‡eMybx iwk¥i AbycÖ‡ek cÖwZnZ K‡i| AwZ‡eMybx iwk¥ cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨š@ ¶wZKi| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Av‡kcv‡k ebwbab Ges ewa©Z cwigvY Kve©b-WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b Ges †K¬v‡ivd¬z‡iv Kve©b H ¯@i‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| d‡j m–‡h©i Zvc mivmwi c„w_exi evqygʇj cÖ‡ek K‡i| GB cwiw¯’wZ c„w_ex‡K DËß Ki‡Q Ges wek¦Ry‡o Rjevqyi cwieZ©b NUv‡”Q| weÁvbxiv GB ewa©Z Zv‡ci e¨vcv‡i kw¼Z KviY GwU †gi“ A‡ji eid Mwj‡q w`‡”Q| GB cÖwµqv hw` `xN©Kvj e¨vcx Pj‡Z _v‡K Z‡e mgy‡`ªi cvwbi ¯@i e„w× cv‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂj Ges K…wlRwg cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e| GQvovI GwU gvbeRvwZi Lv`¨ Drcv`b ¶gZv Kwg‡q w`‡e, eb¨cÖvYx Ges Dce‡bi aŸsm Ges Myi“Zifv‡e ¶wZ Ki‡e| ZvB Avgv‡`i wcÖq c„w_ex‡K wbivc` evbv‡bvi Rb¨ hZ †ewk m¤¢e Avgv‡`i MvQ †ivcY Kiv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i MÖxbnvDR M¨vm wbM©gb cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z I Kgv‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wbivc` c„w_ex M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ AskMÖnY Kiv DwPZ| GB ˆewk¦K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm Acwinvh©|

A Street Hawker

A street hawker is a person who hawks various things by moving from one street to another. He is a familiar figure in cities and towns; even he is seen in villages. He carries his goods on head, in hands or in a small hand-cart. A street hawker usually sells toys, sweets and other things. He also sells bangles, ribbons, clothes, fancy goods and things of domestic use for women. His main customers are children and women. He is very clever. He can convince his customers with his tactful words. He buys his goods at a cheap rate and sells them at a good profit. He knows it very well when to come out to sell his things. He comes out when the male persons are outside the homes and the women are free from their household works/ chores. He makes a good profit by selling his goods to children and women because he can deceive them easily. He attracts the attention of his customers by speaking in different ways. He may be cunning but his usefulness to children and women cannot be ignored. He bring many necessary things at our door. Although he is useful to them and he works hard, he leads a miserable life. (Words : 207)

†dwiIqvjv

GKRb †dwiIqvjv n‡”Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³, †h GK iv¯@v n‡Z Ab¨ iv¯@vq wewfbœ cY¨`ªe¨ †dwi K‡i †eovq| †m kni Ges gd¯^‡ji GKwU cwiwPZ gyL; GgbwK Zv‡K MÖv‡gI †`Lv hvq| †m Zvi cY¨`ªe¨ gv_vq, nv‡Z A_ev †Qv‡Uv †VjvMvwo‡Z enb K‡i| GKRb †dwiIqvjv mvaviYZ †Ljbv, wgwó Ges Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy weµq K‡i| †m gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ nv‡Zi Pzwo, wdZv, Kvco, †kŠwLb cY¨`ªe¨ Ges mvsmvwiK A‡bK wKQyI weµq K‡i| Zv‡`i cÖavb †µZv n‡”Q wkky Ges gwnjviv| †m Lye PZzi| †m Zvi †KŠkjx K_vevZ©v w`‡q †µZv‡`i‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i| †m m¯@vq Zvi cY¨`ªe¨ µq K‡i AwaK gybvdvq Zv weµq K‡i| †m Lye fv‡jv K‡i Rv‡b †h KLb Zv‡K cY¨`ªe¨ weµq Kivi Rb¨ †ei n‡Z n‡e| †m †ei nq hLb cyi“l m`m¨iv Zv‡`i N‡ii evB‡i _v‡K Ges gwnjviv Zv‡`i N‡ii KvRKg© †kl K‡i Aemi nq| †m wkky Ges gwnjv‡`i Kv‡Q Zvi cY¨`ªe¨ e¨vcK gybvdvq weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i KviY †m Lye mn‡RB Zv‡`i †auvKv w`‡Z cv‡i| †m wewfbœfv‡e K_v e‡j Zvi †µZv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i| †m PZzi n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ wkky Ges gwnjv‡`i Kv‡Q Zvi Acwinvh©Zv Gov‡bvi g‡Zv bq| hw`I †m Zv‡`i Rb¨ `iKvix Ges K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i, ZeyI †m `y`©kvMÖ¯@ Rxebhvcb K‡i| †m A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm Avgv‡`i Øv‡i wb‡q Av‡m|

World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh

A World Heritage Site is a place (natural or cultural) recognised by the international community in the shape of the World Heritage Convention declared by UNESCO in 1972. It is historically and geographically important. It possesses an universal value and it is a collective responsibility of the world's people to preserve it. Bangladesh is a small country. Though a small country, Bangladesh has three World Heritage Sites : the historic Shatgombuj Mosque of Bagerhat, the ruins of the Buddhist Vihar at Paharpur and the Sundarbans. The Shatgombuj Mosque is a 15th Century Islamic edifice. It is an enormous Moghul architectural site covering a very large area. It has sixty pillars, which support seventy seven exquisitely curved domes. The Buddhist Vihar at Paharpur was founded in the 7th century. Its layout is perfectly adapted to its religious function. It is the largest single Buddhist monastery (gV) in the Indian subcontinent. It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1986. The Sundarbans is the 52nd World Heritage Site in the world. It is a mangrove forest and it is famous for its natural beauty. The world famous Royal Bengal Tiger lives in this forest. It has a peaceful atmosphere. It is renowned for its great variety of wild life. These are our pride. We should be aware of our duties and responsibilities regarding the World Heritage Sites. (Words : 223)

evsjv‡`‡k wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vbmg–n

Iqvì© †nwi‡UR mvBU n‡”Q 1972 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v †NvwlZ Iqvì© †nwi‡UR Kb‡fbk‡bi Av‡jv‡K Avš@R©vwZK m¤•Ö`vq Øviv ¯^xK…Z GKwU ¯’vb (cÖvK…wZK wKsev mvs¯‹…wZK)| GwU HwZnvwmK Ges †fŠ‡MvwjKfv‡e Myi“Z¡c–Y©| Gi c„w_exe¨vcx g–j¨ Av‡Q Ges G‡K i¶v Kiv cy‡iv we‡k¦i gvby‡li mvgwMÖK `vwqZ¡| evsjv‡`k GKwU ¶z`ª †`k| ¶z`ª †`k n‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki wZbwU wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vb i‡q‡Q : ev‡Minv‡Ui HwZnvwmK lvUM¤^yR gmwR`, cvnvocy‡ii aŸsmcÖvß †eŠ× wenvi Ges my›`ieb| lvUM¤^yR gmwR` n‡”Q 15k kZ‡Ki BmjvwgK AÆvwjKv| GwU GKwU e¨vcK RvqMv we¯@„Z gyNj ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi e„n`vKvi wb`k©b| Gi lvUwU ¯@¤¢ Av‡Q, hv AZ¨š@ my›`ifv‡e mvZvËiwU euvKv‡bv M¤^y‡Ri fvi enb K‡i| cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ× wenvi mßg kZvãx‡Z ¯’vwcZ nq| ag©xq Kv‡Ri K_v gv_vq †i‡L Gi ¯’vcbv cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z GKgvÎ Ges me‡P‡q eo †eŠ× gV| GwU 1986 mv‡j wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vb wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ nq| my›`ieb we‡k¦i HwZn¨evnx ¯’vbmg–‡ni g‡a¨ 52 Zg| GwU GKwU g¨vb‡MÖvf eb Ges GwU Gi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i Kvi‡Y weL¨vZ| wek¦L¨vZ i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi GB e‡b evm K‡i| Gi cwi‡ek LyeB kvwš@c–Y©| GwU eb¨cÖvYxi ˆewPΨZvi Kvi‡Y cÖwm×| GMy‡jv Avgv‡`i Me©| wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vbmg–‡ni cÖwZ Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i m‡PZb nIqv DwPZ|

May Day

May 1st is International Workers' Day. This day commemorates the historic struggle of working people. The events of May 1, 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. In Chicago on May 3, 1886 police fired at the workers who were on strike demanding 8 hours working period a day, a minimum wage and safety laws. Since then, May Day has been observed almost all over the world. This day is also observed in Bangladesh in a befitting manner. This is a national holiday. The trade unions and general workers organize seminar, symposium or discussion meetings. They pay homage to the May Day martyrs who laid down their lives for realizing the rights of the working people. The newspapers and journals bring out special supplements highlighting the significance of the day. The BTV & the Radio put up special programs on the occasion. Different labour organizations chalk out elaborate programs to observe the day. People from different walks of life observe May Day and recall the sacrifices of the workers in 1886. We encourage our workers to build the country. We express solidarity and unity with the toiling people of the world. (Words : 212)

†g w`em

1jv †g n‡”Q Avš@R©vwZK kÖwgK w`em| GB w`bwU kÖwgK‡`i HwZnvwmK msMÖv‡gi ¯§„wZ i¶v K‡i| 3†g 1886 mv‡j wkKv‡Mv‡Z cywjk kÖwgK‡`i Dci Mywj el©Y K‡i hviv 8 NÈvi Kg©w`em, b–¨bZg gRywi Ges wbivcËv AvBb-Gme `vwe‡Z Ae‡iva cvjb KiwQj| ZLb †_‡K, cÖvq mgMÖ we‡k¦B †g w`em cvjb Kiv nq| GB w`bwU evsjv‡`‡kI h_vh_ gh©v`vq cvjb Kiv nq| w`emwU GKwU RvZxq QywUi w`b| †UªW BDwbqbmg–n Ges mvaviY kÖwgKiv Av‡jvPbv mfv, m‡¤§jb ev Av‡jvPbv P‡µi Av‡qvRb K‡i| Zviv †g w`e‡m knx`‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©b K‡i huviv kÖwgK‡`i AwaKv‡ii welqwU‡K Abyaveb K‡i wb‡R‡`i Rxeb‡K DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb| w`emwUi Zvrc‡h©i Dci Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i msev`cÎ I mvgwqKxMy‡jv we‡kl †µvocÎ cÖKvk K‡i| evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb I evsjv‡`k †eZvi w`emwU‡K wN‡i we‡kl Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ kÖgRxwe msMVb w`bwU‡K cvjb Kivi Rb¨ w`be¨vcx Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i| wewfbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi gvbyl †g w`em cvjb K‡i Ges 1886 mv‡j kÖwgK‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi welqwU‡K ¯§iY K‡i| Avgiv Avgv‡`i kÖwgK‡`i †`k‡K MVb Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kwi| mvivwe‡k¦i mKj †gnbwZ gvby‡li mv‡_ Avgiv msnwZ I GKvÍZv cÖKvk Kwi|

Rohingya Crisis In Bangladesh

Rohingya refers to the refugees from the Rakhine state of Myanmar who have fled to Bangladesh during the ethnic cleansing by the Myanmar Army. The govt of Myanmar with the security forces has oppressed Rohingya people and as per the statement of the United Nations, they were facing genocide at Myanmar. It was 2017 when they start to leave their houses and fled to Bangladesh for shelter. These refugees are known as Rohingya. Though Bangladesh has shown utmost humanity at them and gave shelter to over 1 million Rohingya people who are currently living in different camps in Bangladesh. But this caused many problems at the same time. As their camps are very congested, it is very tough to live for them. There is no good arrangement for sanitation and other necessities. Rohingyas are living a pity life. The government of Bangladesh has already discussed several times with the international agencies and Myanmar govt to retrieve the Rohingya people with honor and dignity. But Myanmar govt doesn’t seem to care for them as they are not accepting the citizenship of Rohingyas. From the very beginning, it is being told that the Rohingyas aren’t the lawful citizen of Myanmar rather they belong to Bangladesh. It has now become a severe problem for Bangladesh as Rohingyas are fleeing away from the camps and getting involved in different criminal activities. As they are living a miserable life in the refugee camps, they are being sick very often. Moreover, they are giving birth to thousands of children who will be tough to send back to Myanmar. They are also causing a great problem for our people and environment. Though different international humanitarian organizations have visited the place and suggested a quick shift of the Rohingyas, Myanmar govt didn’t take any such steps. Our govt also lacks diplomatic capability in this issue and this is why Rohingyas are not going back to their country. But this situation shouldn’t last long. Otherwise, it can cause greater problems for our people. Both the govt should discuss this issue and bring a compatible solution so that the Rohingya people can go back to their home and it should be done very carefully. The international community also should raise its voice to solve this problem as it has now become an international issue. We hope this Rohingya problem will be solved soon and our people will go back to their normal lifestyle which is very much affected by these Rohingya refugees.

বাংলাদেশে রোহিঙ্গা সংকট

রোহিঙ্গা মিয়ানমারের রাখাইন রাজ্য থেকে আগত শরণার্থীদের বোঝায় যারা মিয়ানমার সেনাবাহিনীর দ্বারা জাতিগত নির্মূলের সময় বাংলাদেশে পালিয়ে এসেছিল। সুরক্ষা বাহিনী নিয়ে মিয়ানমারের সরকার রোহিঙ্গা জনগণকে নিপীড়ন করেছে এবং জাতিসংঘের বিবৃতি অনুসারে তারা মিয়ানমারে গণহত্যার মুখোমুখি হয়েছিল। ২০১ 2017 সালে যখন তারা তাদের বাড়িঘর ছেড়ে পালাতে শুরু করে এবং আশ্রয়ের জন্য বাংলাদেশে পালিয়ে যায়। এই শরণার্থীরা রোহিঙ্গা নামে পরিচিত। যদিও বাংলাদেশ তাদের প্রতি চূড়ান্ত মানবতা দেখিয়েছে এবং বর্তমানে বাংলাদেশের বিভিন্ন শিবিরে বসবাসকারী 10 মিলিয়ন রোহিঙ্গাকে আশ্রয় দিয়েছে। তবে এটি একই সাথে অনেক সমস্যার সৃষ্টি করে। যেহেতু তাদের শিবিরগুলি খুব জঞ্জাল, তাই তাদের পক্ষে বেঁচে থাকা খুব শক্ত। স্যানিটেশন এবং অন্যান্য প্রয়োজনীয় সামগ্রীর জন্য এখানে কোনও ভালো ব্যবস্থা নেই। রোহিঙ্গারা করুণার জীবন কাটাচ্ছে। বাংলাদেশ সরকার ইতোমধ্যে আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থা ও মিয়ানমার সরকারের সাথে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণকে সম্মান ও মর্যাদার সাথে পুনরুদ্ধার করতে বেশ কয়েকবার আলোচনা করেছে। তবে মিয়ানমার সরকার রোহিঙ্গাদের নাগরিকত্ব গ্রহণ করছে না বলে তাদের যত্ন নেবে বলে মনে হচ্ছে না। প্রথম থেকেই বলা হচ্ছে যে রোহিঙ্গারা মিয়ানমারের বৈধ নাগরিক নয় বরং তারা বাংলাদেশের। রোহিঙ্গারা ক্যাম্প থেকে দূরে পালিয়ে বিভিন্ন অপরাধমূলক কর্মকাণ্ডে জড়িত হওয়ায় এটি এখন বাংলাদেশের জন্য একটি মারাত্মক সমস্যা হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। যেহেতু তারা শরণার্থী শিবিরে দুর্দশাগ্রস্থ জীবন যাপন করছে, তাই তারা প্রায়শই অসুস্থ হয়। অধিকন্তু, তারা হাজার হাজার শিশুকে জন্ম দিচ্ছে যাদের মিয়ানমারে ফেরত পাঠানো কঠিন হবে। এগুলি আমাদের জনগণ এবং পরিবেশের জন্যও একটি বড় সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করছে। যদিও বিভিন্ন আন্তর্জাতিক মানবিক সংস্থা এই স্থানটি পরিদর্শন করেছে এবং রোহিঙ্গাদের দ্রুত স্থানান্তরিত করার পরামর্শ দিলেও মিয়ানমার সরকার এ জাতীয় পদক্ষেপ নেয়নি। আমাদের সরকারেরও এই ইস্যুতে কূটনৈতিক সামর্থ্যের অভাব রয়েছে এবং এ কারণেই রোহিঙ্গারা তাদের দেশে ফিরে যাচ্ছে না। তবে এই পরিস্থিতি দীর্ঘস্থায়ী হওয়া উচিত নয়। অন্যথায়, এটি আমাদের মানুষের জন্য আরও বৃহত্তর সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। সরকারের উভয়কেই এই বিষয়টি নিয়ে আলোচনা করা উচিত এবং একটি সুসংগত সমাধান আনতে হবে যাতে রোহিঙ্গারা তাদের বাড়িতে ফিরে যেতে পারে এবং এটি খুব সাবধানতার সাথে করা উচিত। আন্তর্জাতিক সম্প্রদায়েরও উচিত এই সমস্যাটি সমাধানের জন্য তার স্বর উত্থাপন করা কারণ এটি এখন একটি আন্তর্জাতিক ইস্যুতে পরিণত হয়েছে। আমরা আশা করি শিগগিরই এই রোহিঙ্গা সমস্যা সমাধান হবে এবং আমাদের মানুষ তাদের স্বাভাবিক জীবনযাত্রায় ফিরে যাবে যা এই রোহিঙ্গা শরণার্থীদের দ্বারা খুব বেশি ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ হয়েছে।

 

মন্তব্যসমূহ

IMPORTANT POST BY IRFAN SIR

Kaptai Tour-2022

মহামায়া Day Trip ২০২৩