HSC-2021-2022 IMPORTANT PARAGRAPH WRITING
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Paragraph
Writing |
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HSC |
By IRFAN SIR
Paragraph n‡”Q
†Kv‡bv GKwU aviYvi Dci mym½Z, myMwVZ Ges †hŠw³K Av‡jvPbv| Paragraph-Gi evK¨My‡jv ci¯•‡ii mv‡_ hy³
_vK‡e| GQvovI evK¨My‡jv A‡_©i w`K w`‡q msMwZc~Y© n‡e|
Points to
remember :
GKwU gvbm¤•bœ Paragraph †jLvi
Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ welqMy‡jvi Dci Myi“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
(K) GKwU title _vK‡Z n‡e|
(L) GKwU c¨vivq wjL‡Z n‡e|
(M) GKB e³e¨ cybive„wË Kiv hv‡e bv|
(N) mnR-mij I †QvU †QvU evK¨ w`‡q †jLv †kªq|
(O) A‡_©i avivevwnKZv i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
(P) msw¶ß iƒc cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKwU Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡j Zv‡K wb‡P D‡jwLZ †h‡Kv‡bv
GKwU group- Gi Aax‡b
wjL‡Z n‡e| Avi G c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡j Lye mn‡R GKwU gvbm¤•bœ Paragraph †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
(i) Paragraph
development by listing & example: G RvZxq Paragraph- G Topic sentence
Gi
mg_©‡b D`vniYMy‡jv list AvKv‡i wjL‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î firstly,
secondly, finally G ai‡bi ms‡hvRK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Qualities of a
Good Student Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡j GKRb fv‡jv Qv‡Îi wewfbœ MyY list AvKv‡i wjL‡Z
n‡e| Gfv‡e My Likes, My Dislikes, Qualities of a Good Teacher,
Qualities of a Good Leader, Dangers of Smoking, The Books I Have Read Recently,
My Favourite Player, My Favourite Teacher, A Day Labourer, A Rickshaw Puller,
My Neighbours, Early Rising Gi Dci paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|
(ii) Paragraph
development by comparison & contrast: mvaviYZ
`ywU wel‡qi Dci Zzjbvg–jK Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ G ai‡bi Paragraph †jLv n‡q _v‡K| `ywU wel‡qi myweav Ges
Amyweavi w`KMy‡jv D‡jL K‡i †hŠw³Kfv‡e G ai‡bi Paragraph develop Ki‡Z nq| firstly, secondly, finally, besides, moreover, on the other
hand, on the contrary, while G ai‡bi ms‡hvRK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Gfv‡e Football and Cricket, Radio and Television,
Village and Town, Childhood and Old Age, School and College Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|
(iii) Paragraph development by cause
and effect: G RvZxq Paragraph
mvaviYZ wewfbœ Problem msµvš@ n‡q _v‡K| G Paragraph-Gi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e cÖavbZ Kx Kx Kvi‡Y Problem-wU N‡U _v‡K| Gici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e Gi d‡j mvaviYZ Kx ai‡bi
cÖfve ev effect c‡o| G‡¶‡Î †bwZevPK cÖfveMy‡jv‡K Myi“Z¡ Abymv‡i ch©vqµ‡g
mvRv‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Road
Accident, Corruption, Poverty, Price Hike, Labour Unrest, Begging, Flood, Air
Pollution, Population Explosion, Traffic Jam, Drug Addiction, Strike, Sound
Pollution Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|
(iv)
Paragraph
development by space and time : G‡¶‡Î
HwZnvwmK Myi“Z¡ enb K‡i Ggb NUbv (time) A_ev
HwZnvwmK, A_©‰bwZK wKsev wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Myi“Z¡c–Y© Ggb †Kv‡bv Space ev AÂj wb‡q Paragraph wjL‡Z
n‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e A Book Fair, A Trade Fair, A Village
Fair, My School, My School Library, My Reading Room, A Flower Garden, A River,
My Village, My Country, Liberation War, Language Movement, My School Days, A
Journey by Boat Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z
n‡e|
(v)
Paragraph
development by definition : G RvZxq Paragraph mvaviYZ
Abstract idea wb‡q †jLv nq| G‡¶‡Î cÖ_gZ welqwU
†Kvb †kªwY‡Z c‡o Zv D‡jL K‡i GKwU msÁv w`‡Z n‡e| Gi c‡i Gi cÖavb cÖavb ˆewkó¨,
myweav, Amyweav Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Democracy,
Truthfulness, Corruption, Honesty, Terrorism, Perseverance, Happiness,
Freedom Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|
(vi) Paragraph development by
classification : G RvZxq Paragraph-G mvaviYZ welqe¯‘‡K wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nq| Gfv‡e Clothes,
Music, University Students, Flowers, Fruits, Rivers of Bangladesh, Professions,
Foods, Books, Habits Gi Dci Paragraph wjL‡Z n‡e|
Food Adulteration
Food adulteration
means making food or drink less pure by adding or mixing another substance to
it. Nowadays foods are often adulterated. In hotels and restaurants stale and
rotten foods are mixed with fresh food and served to the customers. Fish and
vegetables are adulterated by putting on them chemicals and other preservatives
in order to make them look fresh. Bakery and confectionery products are also
prepared by using toxic substances and thus they get adulterated. Junk food
contains harmful chemicals. Even fruits, milk and beverages are adulterated. In
fact, all kinds of foods and food articles are adulterated by dishonest and
greedy businessmen and shop keepers for quick and unearned profit. Adulterated
foods are a serious health hazard. They cause many fatal diseases and even
death. They are the cause behind thousands of people suffering from cancer,
kidney failure, heart problems and other diseases. According to a survey
report, nearly 40% of 82 samples of milk, milk products, fish, fruits and
vegetables have been found contaminated in different areas of Dhaka city.
Public awareness should be created so that they become careful about buying
foods and food articles. Besides, the criminals have to be identified and
punished. The relevant department of the government should remain ever vigilant
against food adulteration and gear up their activities. (Words: 216)
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Kiv nq| gvQ Ges kvKmewR‡Z ivmvqwbK Ges Ab¨vb¨ msi¶‡Yi e¯‘ wgwk‡q Zv‡`i‡K UvUKv
†`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ †fRvj Kiv nq| †eKvix Ges Kb‡dKkbvix mvgMÖx‡ZI welv³ Dcv`vb e¨envi
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Abyhvqx, XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ GjvKvq cÖvß 82 ai‡bi `ya, `y»RvZ cY¨, gvQ, dj I
kvKmewRi g‡a¨ cÖvq 40 kZvskB †fRvj e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q| Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z
n‡e hv‡Z Zviv Lv`¨ Ges Lv`¨ Dcv`vb †Kbvi mgq mZK© nq| ZvQvov Acivax‡`i mbv³
Ki‡Z n‡e I mvRv w`‡Z n‡e| miKv‡ii mswkÐó wefvM‡K Lv‡`¨ †fRv‡ji wei“‡× me©`v
mZK© _vKv DwPZ Ges Zv‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi MwZ evov‡bv DwPZ|
Nelson Mandela
Nelson
Mandela is an icon of the struggle for justice across the world. He was the
great leader of anti-racist movement in South Africa. He freed South Africa
from the shackles of apartheid and made it a multi-racial democratic country.
He was imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against the white
minority rule in South Africa. He never compromised with the tyrant rulers. He
also never lost his resolve to fight. During those years, he was the world's
most celebrated political prisoner. The white-led government tried their best
to suppress the struggle but failed. At last the world community pressed them
to surrender. They released Mandela and admitted to change the country's
constitution. In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and he became
the country's first black President in 1994. He left public life in 2004.
Nadine Gordimer, the Nobel laureate South African writer, wrote about him,
"He is at the epicenter of our time, our in South Africa, and yours,
wherever you are." In a statement given in 1963 at the Rivonia Trial, he
said, "During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to the struggle of the
African people." He is called "Madiba" by his countrymen. He is
no more but everyone will remember him for his humanity, kindness and dignity. (Words: 216)
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gh©v`v‡ev‡ai Rb¨ Avgiv Zv‡K wPiKvj ¯§iY Kie|
Bangabandhu
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, known as Bangabandhu, is the
'Greatest Bengali of All Time'. He was born in a respectable Muslim family on
17 March, 1920, at Tungipara village under the Gopalganj district. He started
his student life at Gimadanga Primary School at the age of seven. He passed the
entrance examination from this school and got admitted to the Kolkata Islamia
College. Then he took admission into Dhaka University and founded the Muslim
Students League. He was one of the front-line leaders of the Language Movement
and was arrested on March 11, 1948. In 1970, he was re-elected President of
Awami League. Under his leadership, Awami League took part in the General
Election of 1970 and gained absolute majority. On March 7, Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman addressed a mammoth public rally at the Race Course ground. On
the fierce night of March 25, the Pakistani Army cracked down on the innocent
unarmed Bangalees, and arrested Sheikh Mujib. All the Bangalees, jumped into a
bloody battle against the occupation forces. On December 16, 1971, Bangladesh
became a free nation and Bangabandhu was freed from the Pakistani jail on
January 8, 1972 and returned to his beloved country on January 10. It is a
matter of regret that, Bangabandhu, the founding father of the nation, was
killed by a group of wayward army officers. (Words: 215)
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Valentina Tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova is a famous astronaut and living
legend. She was born on 6 March 1937 in the village Maslennikovo, Tutayevsky
district, in central Russia. At first she was a textile worker in a factory.
After the space flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961, the Soviet Union decided to
send a woman in space. Yuri Gagarin was the first human being for space flight.
Anyway, Soviet Union selected Tereshkova for that mission on 16 February 1962.
She had to undergo a series of training. After the successful launch of a
spacecraft, Tereshkova began to prepare for her own flight. On the due date,
she completed her communication and life support checks, and then was sealed
inside the spacecraft Vostok-6. It was launched faultlessly and Tereshkova
orbited the earth 48 times spending almost three days in space. In 1977, she
earned a doctorate in Engineering from Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Once she
turned to politics. During the Soviet era, she became one of the presidium
members of the Supreme Soviet. Now she is a member in the lower house of the
Russian legislature. On her 70th birthday, Vladimir Putin invited her and she
expressed her desire to fly to Mars. She is now old, will die someday but will
live for ever as a famous astronaut. (Words: 217)
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Kalpana Chawla
Kalpana
Chawla was a famous astronaut. She died in an aerospace accident. She was born
in Karnal, India on 17 March, 1962. She is the first Indian-born woman and the
second person in space from the sub-continent. She graduated in Aeronautical
Engineering from Punjab Engineering College and moved to the USA in 1982. She
obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of
Texas in 1984. Thereafter she got her PhD degree in the same subject in 1988
from the University of Colorado. In 1991, she got the Green Card and in four
years, she started her career as a NASA astronaut. Her first space mission
began on 19 November 1997 with some other astronauts. The name of the space
shuttle was Columbia. On 16 January 2003, Chawla was on a space mission on the
ill-fated space shuttle Columbia. Chawla was one of the mission specialists.
She had some responsibilities including the microgravity experiments, for
example–studying earth and space science, advanced technology development, and
astronaut health and safety. After a 16 day mission in space, Columbia
disintegrated into the Earth's atmosphere on its return journey and the brave
woman Chawla's life came to an end. However, she will remain ever fresh in the
history. (Words: 207)
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Traffic Jam
Traffic jam is a severe problem in Dhaka city. It hampers
the normal flow of citizens' life. Various types of vehicles run in the roads
and become the cause of annoyance of the common people. They cannot go to their
destination in time. School going children and office going employees suffer a lot.
Traffic jam mainly occurs as a result of Dhaka's poor infrastructure. Only 7
percent of Dhaka is covered by roads, while Paris and Vienna have about 25
percent. There are about 60 traffic lights at 650 major intersections, and most
of those lights do not work. Traffic jam in Dhaka costs about 3.8 billion
dollar a year. Many dwellers in this city blame the rickshaws for this problem.
Now the number of buses and cars have also increased. But a solution of traffic
jam in this city must be made. Both the government and the common people should
come forward. Good news is that the present government has taken some steps to
reduce traffic jam. The metro rail project is one of them. But along with these
projects government also should remove the hawkers who run their business on
footpath. Public transport should be made available. Slow speeded transports
should be banned from busy roads and more underpass and overpass should be
built. (Words : 214)
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650wU cÖavb ms‡hvM mo‡K †gvU cÖvq 60wU UªvwdK jvBU Av‡Q hvi AwaKvskB KvR K‡i
bv| XvKv kn‡i hvbR‡Ui Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQi 3.8 wewjqb Wjvi e¨q Kiv nq| kn‡ii A‡bK
evwm›`vB G mgm¨vi Rb¨ wi·v‡K `vqx K‡i| GLb evm Ges Mvwoi msL¨vI †e‡o‡Q| wKš‘ GB
kn‡i hvbR‡Ui mgvavb Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e| miKvi Ges mvaviY gvbyl‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
mymsev` n‡”Q †h, eZ©gvb miKvi hvbRU Kgv‡Z wKQy c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †g‡Uªv †ij
cÖKí Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU| wKš‘ GB me cÖK‡íi mv‡_ mv‡_ miKvi‡K dzUcv‡_ e¨emvKvix
nKvi‡`i D‡”Q` Ki‡Z n‡e| MYcwienb mnRjf¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨¯@ moK †_‡K axi MwZi
hvbevnb wbwl× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Av‡iv AvÛvicvm Ges Ifvicvm wbg©vY Kiv DwPZ|
Food/Eating habits of Bangladeshi
people
Food
habits refer to the habits or practices of taking food of the people of a
particular society or a country. These habits differ from one society or
country to another. In Bangladesh, different people like different kinds of
foods according to their own choice and taste. But the eating habits of the
people are almost the same. The Bangladeshi people have some special food
habits. Rice with dal and fish is our most common and favourite food. Khichuri
is another popular food item of the Bangladeshis. Besides, the Bangladeshis are
also fond of meat. Moreover, pithas of different kinds and shapes and payesh
are also liked very much by them. People also eat wheat, potatoes, other
seasonal vegetables, eggs, bread and all sorts of local fruits according to
their taste. People occasionally eat polao, biryani, chicken roast, mutton or
beef curry. Most families in Bangladesh have three meals a day- breakfast, lunch and dinner. Old people take our traditional
foods. But many young people are getting used to Chinese and western fast foods
day by day. Now it is time we have to bring some changes in our food habits. We
should form the habit of eating wheat or potatoes instead of eating too much
rice. (Words : 206)
evsjv‡`wk
Rbmvavi‡Yi Lv`¨vf¨vm
Lv`¨vf¨vm ej‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mgv‡Ri ev †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Lvevi
MÖn‡Yi Af¨vm A_ev PP©v‡K †evSvq| GB Af¨vm GKwU mgvR †_‡K Ab¨ mgvR Ges GKwU †`k
†_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k wfbœZi| evsjv‡`‡k wfbœ wfbœ RbMY Zv‡`i wbR¯^ cQ›` I ¯^v` Abyhvqx
wfbœ ai‡bi Lvevi cQ›` K‡i| wKš‘ RbM‡Yi Lv`¨vf¨vm cÖvq GKB ai‡bi| evsjv‡`wk
RbM‡Yi wKQy we‡kl Lv`¨vf¨vm i‡q‡Q| fv‡Zi m‡½ Wvj Ges gvQ Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q mvaviY
I wcÖq Lvevi/Lv`¨| wLPzwo evsjv‡`wk‡`i Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq Lvevi| ZvQvov evsjv‡`wkiv
gvsmI cQ›` K‡i| AwaKš‘ wewfbœ AvKv‡ii I ai‡bi wcVv Ges cv‡qmI Zv‡`i Lye cQ‡›`i|
RbMY Mg, Avjy, Ab¨vb¨ †gŠmywg mewR, wWg, cvDi“wU Ges Zv‡`i ¯^v` Abyhvqx mKj
ai‡bi ¯’vbxq dj I Lvq| RbMY gv‡S gv‡S †cvjvI, wewiqvwb, gyiwMi †iv÷, Lvwm A_ev
Mi“i gvs‡mi ZiKvix Lvq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj cwievi cÖwZw`b wZbevi Lvevi Lvq Ñ
mKv‡ji bv¯@v, `ycy‡ii Lvevi I iv‡Zi Lvevi| e„× †jv‡Kiv Avgv‡`i cÖ_vMZ/HwZn¨MZ
Lvevi MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ A‡bK hyeK/hyeZxiv w`‡b w`‡b cvðvZ¨ Lvev‡i Af¨¯@ n‡q hv‡”Q|
Avgv‡`i Lv`¨vf¨v‡m wKQy cwieZ©b Avbvi GLwb mgq| AwaK fv‡Zi cwie‡Z© Avgv‡`i Mg I
Avjy LvIqvi Af¨vm Kiv DwPZ|
Adolescence
Children pass through several
stages to become adult. There are four or five stages of growth: infancy, early
childhood, later childhood, and adolescence. There are some who try to act
older than their age. But most persons go through these stages whatever their
economic or social status is. Adolescence generally covers from 13 to 18 years
of age of a person. During this phase, one experiences critical transition like
growing from childhood to adulthood and puberty. However, many adolescents face
pressure to become alcoholic, drug-addict or chain-smoker that creates their
health problems. These practices put them to high risk for intentional and
unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies and infections from HIV. These
exert long-lasting effects on future health and well-being. They are not fully
capable of understanding sexual practices and this incapability may make them
particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation and high-risk behaviours.
Moreover, laws and policies often restrict unmarried adolescents' access to
reproductive issues. For a solution, what older ones should do is to change
their outlook about the adolescents and youths, treat them properly and also
talk to them about various personal problems with an open up mind. They should
go forward with a new look to build up them for the sake of the country's
welfare. (Words : 208)
eqtmwÜKvj
cÖvßeq¯‹ nIqvi c‡_ wkkyiv
KwZcq ch©vq AwZµg K‡i| eq:cÖvwßi Pvi-cuvPwU ch©vq i‡q‡Q: ˆkke, cÖv_wgK wkkyKvj,
cieZ©x wkkyKvj I eq:mwÜKvj| wKQy wkky i‡q‡Q hviv Zv‡`i eq‡mi Zzjbvq eoÕi g‡Zv
KvR K‡i| wKš‘ Av_©-mvgvwRK gh©v`v wbwe©‡k‡l wKQy e¨w³ Gme ch©v‡qi †fZi w`‡q
AMÖmi nq| wK‡kvi ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e GKRb e¨w³i 13 †_‡K 18 eQi eqmmxgv‡K †evSvq| G
Kvjc‡e© GKRb e¨w³ ˆkke †_‡K cÖvßeq¯‹Zv I †hŠb ¶gZv AR©‡bi gZ µvwš@Kv‡ji AwfÁZv
jvf K‡i| hv †nvK, eû wK‡kvi g`¨c, gv`Kvm³ wKsev Aweivg a–gcvqx n‡Z Pvc †eva K‡i
hv Zv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v m„wó K‡i| Gme Af¨vm D‡Ïk¨c–Y© I D‡Ïk¨nxb AvnZve¯’v,
AcwiKwíZ Mf©aviY I GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi D”P SuywK‡Z †d‡j| GMy‡jv fwel¨r ¯^v¯’¨ I
my¯’Zvi Ici `xN©¯’vqx cÖfve †d‡j| Zviv †hŠb AvPiYMy‡jv Abyave‡b cy‡ivcywi m¶g
bq Ges GB mvg_¨©nxbZv Zv‡`i‡K †hŠb wbh©vZb I D”P SuywKi AvPi‡Yi cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e
`ye©j K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Z`ycwi, AvBb I ixwZ cÖvqB AweevwnZ Zi“Y‡`i cÖRbb m¤•„³
welqMy‡jv Rvbvi †¶‡Î mxgve×Zv Av‡ivc K‡i| G mgm¨v mgvavbv‡_©, eq¯‹‡`i hv Kiv
DwPZ Zv n‡”Q Zi“Y I hyeK‡`i m¤•‡K© `„wófw½ cvëv‡bv, Zv‡`i mv‡_ m½Z AvPiY Kiv
Ges †m mv‡_ gy³ gb wb‡q Zv‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ e¨w³MZ welq wb‡q K_v ejv| Zv‡`i DwPZ
†`‡ki Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Zi“Y‡`i Mo‡Z bZzb `„wófw½ wb‡q GwM‡q hvIqv|
Etiquette and Manners
There are two terms to describe our social behaviour —
'etiquette' and 'manners'. The first one is a French word. Etiquette means the
rules of correct behaviour in society. Etiquette and good manners are essential
to any civilization. Over the years the great people of the world have emphasized
on etiquette and good manners. Good manners make you a person, while etiquette
makes you socially acceptable. Etiquettes help you gain respect in society as
well as in family. It is important to say 'please', 'thank you', 'pardon me',
'excuse me', 'may I' etc in everyday life. Family is the best institution for
children to learn etiquette. Here children learn to respect the decision of all
other family members. They also put into practice the foundation of all social
etiquette here. Social etiquette means how you behave with your friends,
neighbours and strangers. If you show respect and be well mannered with your
friends and neighbours, you are sure to be in list of their favourite persons.
They will trust you and care about you. We should remember that nowadays
everyone observes us. We not only represent ourselves and our family but also
our society, our nation. So it is important to be well mannered and have the
proper sense of etiquette. (Words : 210)
Avgv‡`i
mvgvwRK AvPiY eY©bv Kivi Rb¨ `yÕwU kã i‡q‡Q- 'etiquette'
- 'manners'. cÖ_gwU GKwU divwm kã| wkôvPvi ej‡Z mgv‡R mwVK
AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi wbqgvejx‡K †evSvq| †h‡Kv‡bv mf¨Zvi Rb¨ wkôvPvi Ges fv‡jv
Av`e-Kvq`v AZ¨vek¨K| eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i c„w_exi gnvb e¨w³iv wkôvPvi I fv‡jv e¨env‡ii
Dci Myi“Z¡v‡ivc K‡i Avm‡Qb| fv‡jv AvPiY †Zvgv‡K GKRb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ K‡i,
†hLv‡b wkôvPvi †Zvgv‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| wkôvPvi †Zvgv‡K mgv‡R I
cwiev‡i m¤§vb G‡b †`q| wkky‡`i Rb¨ cwievi n‡”Q wkôvPvi †kLvi DËg cÖwZôvb| GLv‡b
wkkyiv cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i wm×vš@‡K kÖ×v Ki‡Z wk‡L| GLv‡b Zviv mKj mvgvwRK
wkôvPv‡ii wfwËMy‡jvI Abykxjb K‡i| mvgvwRK wkôvPv‡ii A_© n‡”Q Zzwg †hfv‡e †Zvgvi
eÜz, cÖwZ‡ekx I AcwiwPZ‡`i m‡½ AvPiY Ki| Zzwg hw` †Zvgvi eÜz I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i kÖ×v
cÖ`k©b Ki Ges Zv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv e¨envi eRvq iv‡Lv, Zvn‡j wbtm‡›`‡n Zzwg Zv‡`i
cQ‡›`i gvby‡li ZvwjKvq _vK‡e| Zviv †Zvgv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡e Ges †Zvgvi e¨vcv‡i
hZœevb n‡e| Avgv‡`i GUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, eZ©gv‡b cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgv‡`i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i|
Avgiv kyaygvÎ Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i I Avgv‡`i cwiev‡iiB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi bv eis Avgiv
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri, Avgv‡`i RvwZi| ZvB fv‡jv AvPiYKvix nIqv I
wkôvPvi Ávb _vKvUv Myi“Z¡c–Y©|
Higher
Education in Bangladesh
Higher education system in Bangladesh has a long way
of more than one hundred and fifty years of intellectual development. There are
35 government, 79 private and 3 international universities. At the higher
level, universities are regulated by the University Grants Commission. The
colleges providing higher education are under the National University. Although
the number of government and private universities and colleges has been
steadily increasing since Bangladesh gained independence in 1971, the enrollment
completion rates are still very low. Because of limited number of seats in
public universities and high tuition fees charged by the private universities,
access to university education is rather limited. In the late 1990s the
government gave priority to human resource development and emphasized
"Education for All" as a target. Recent five year plans provide for a
larger proportion of national budgets for opening additional colleges and
universities especially in the area of medicine, science and information
technology. The Bangladesh National University, to which many hundreds of
colleges and affiliated, is being modernized and revamped. Thus the higher
education system in Bangladesh developed periodically with vision and meeting
demand of time. Private higher education also developed simultaneously saving
foreign currency and ensuring total human development. (Words : 200)
evsjv‡`‡k D”Pwk¶v
evsjv‡`‡k D”Pwk¶vi eyw×e„wËK AMÖMwZi †¶‡Î †`ok eQ‡ii `xN© BwZnvm
i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b 35wU miKvwi, 79wU †emiKvwi I 3wU Avš@R©vwZK wek¦we`¨vjq i‡q‡Q| D”P
ch©v‡q wek¦we`¨vjqMy‡jv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi MÖv›U Kwgkb Øviv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
K‡jRMy‡jv‡Z †hLv‡b D”P wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Awafz³| hw`I
1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci †_‡K A‡bK wek¦we`¨vjq Ges K‡j‡Ri msL¨v evo‡Q
wKš‘ wek¦we`¨vj‡q ZvwjKvfyw³i msL¨v GLbI Lye Kg| cvewjK wek¦we`¨vj‡q mxwgZ
msL¨K Avmb msL¨vi Kvi‡Y Ges cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vjqMy‡jv‡Z AwaK Li‡Pi Kvi‡Y
wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡ek eis mxwgZ n‡q co‡Q| 1990 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K
miKvi gvbe m¤•` Dbœq‡bi w`‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Q Ges j¶¨ wn‡m‡e Ômevi Rb¨ wk¶vÕ
Kvh©µg cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| wPwKrmv, weÁvb I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Dci AwZwi³ K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq
cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ RvZxq ev‡R‡U cuvP eQi †gqv`x cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aax‡b kZ kZ K‡jR Awafz³ i‡q‡Q Zv AvaywbKvqb I cybM©V‡bi e¨e¯’v
Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB evsjv‡`‡k D”Pwk¶vi Kvh©µg mg‡qi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ch©vqµ‡g Dbœqb
mvab n‡”Q| cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vjqMy‡jv hyMcrfv‡e ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv euvwP‡q Dbœqb mvab
Ki‡Q Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e gvbe Dbœqb wbwðZ Ki‡Q|
Friendship
A friend is a person that someone likes or knows. People
who are friends talk to each other and spend time together. They also help each
other when they are in trouble or are hurt. Sometimes people can't tell their
secrets to their parents so they tell it to their friends. A friend is one who
admires a person's skill and helps or encourages him to make the right choices.
The strength of the bond of friendship between two people can vary. If the bond
is very strong, they are called best friends. This can usually be achieved by
possessing the elements of friendship, by being kind, generous, loyal, honest
and by having fun. There are expectations, demands, and complaints in
friendship too. Friends can help one materialistically and morally. But if they
don't match with one's expectations, it does not mean one will break the
friendship. Friendship is both good and necessary. Friends are needed for
support and for sharing. Friendship means closeness without any selfish motive.
But true friendship is rarely seen. Growing true friendship depends upon
selection of a friend. Best test of friendship is adversity. Prosperity brings
friends but adversity tries them. But a true friend does not leave his friend
in any situation. He is ready even to die for him. (Words : 216)
eÜzZ¡
eÜz n‡”Q GKRb †jvK/e¨w³ hv‡K Ab¨ GKRb Rv‡b/†P‡b A_ev cQ›` K‡i|
†h mg¯@ †jvK eÜz Zviv G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges GKmv‡_ mgq KvUvq| Zviv G‡K
Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨I K‡i hLb Zviv wec‡` c‡o ev AvnZ nq| A‡bK mgq gvbyl Zv‡`i †MvcbxqZv
gv evevi Kv‡Q ej‡Z cv‡i bv, hv Zviv Zv‡`i eÜz‡`i Kv‡Q e‡j| GKRb eÜz †m, †h GKRb
†jv‡Ki `¶Zvi cÖksmv K‡i Ges mwVK cQ›` Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ ev Drmvn †`q| `yBRb †jv‡Ki
g‡a¨ eÜz‡Z¡i e܇bi kw³gËv wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| eÜb hw` Lye `„p nq Zv‡`i‡K me‡P‡q
fv‡jv eÜz ejv nq| GUv mPivPi eÜz‡Z¡i Dcv`vbmg–‡ni AwaKvi, `qvjy, DcKvix, AbyMZ,
mr nIqv Ges gRv Kivi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv hvq| eÜz‡Z¡i gv‡S AvKv¸¶v, Pvwn`v Ges
Awf‡hvMI Av‡Q/_v‡K| eÜziv Ab¨‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e I ˆbwZKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘
hw` †mMy‡jv Zv‡`i Avkvbyiƒc bv nq Zvn‡j GUvi A_© GB bq †h eÜzZ¡ †f‡½ hv‡e|
eÜzZ¡ fv‡jv Ges DcKvix DfqB| gvbyl GKvKx evm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †m mvgvwRK Rxe| Zvi
Avb›` I †e`bvi fvMvfvwMi Rb¨ KvD‡K cÖ‡qvRb| mg_©b I myL `ytL fvMvfvwMi Rb¨
eÜz‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb| eÜzZ¡ ej‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi ¯^v_©ci D‡Ïk¨wenxb ˆbKU¨ eySvq| wKš‘
mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜzZ¡ K`vwPr †`Lv hvq| eÜz wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g mwVK eÜzZ¡ MVb wbf©i K‡i|
`y`©kv eÜz‡Z¡i me‡P‡q fv‡jv cix¶v| mg„w× eÜz Av‡b wKš‘ `y`©kv Zv‡`i cix¶v K‡i|
wKš‘ GKRb mwZ¨Kv‡ii eÜz †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB Zvi eÜz‡K Z¨vM K‡i bv| †m Zvi Rb¨ Rxeb
w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z|
The River Buriganga
The
Buriganga is a famous river flowing by Dhaka, the capital city of the country.
This river had a glorious past. It was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and
flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the Dhaleshwari. Gradually it lost its
link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marveled at its
tide level and founded their provincial capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in
1610. Once the river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce.
Later Jahangirnagar grew into a heavily populated city under its new name
'Dhaka'. Now the Buriganga is a polluted and dying river. Huge quantities of
toxic chemicals and wastes from mills and factories, hospitals and residential
buildings are dumped into its water everyday. The situation is so disastrous
that it seems we have killed one of our rivers. Steps must be taken to save our
other rivers from such death. Otherwise we shall have to cry for our other
rivers as we do for our beloved Buriganga. (Words : 168)
eywoM½v b`x
eywoM½v GKwU weL¨vZ b`x hv †`‡ki ivRavbx kni XvKvi cvk w`‡q e‡q
wM‡q‡Q| GB b`xi i‡q‡Q PgrKvi AZxZ| GK mgq GwU cÖgËv M½vi kvLvb`x wQj Ges
a‡jk¦ix b`xi gva¨‡g e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖevwnZ n‡Zv| ax‡i ax‡i GwU M½v b`xi mv‡_ ms‡hvM
nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges eywoM½v bvg aviY K‡i| gyNjiv eywoM½vi †Rvqvi fvUvi D”PZvq
wew¯§Z nb Ges 1610 mv‡j Rvnv½xibM‡i Zv‡`i cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| GKmgq
b`xwU Lvevi cvwb mieivn Ges e¨emv evwY‡R¨ mnvqZv KiZ| cieZ©x‡Z Rvnv½xibMi
ÔXvKvÕ bvg aviY K‡i Ges gvÎvwZwi³ Rbeûj kn‡i cwiYZ nq| eZ©gv‡b eywoM½v GKwU
`–wlZ Ges g„ZcÖvq b`x| wecyj cwigvY welv³ c`v_©, KjKviLvbv, nvmcvZvj Ges
emZevwoi eR©¨ G‡Z †djv nq| Ae¯’v GZUvB fqsKi †hb Avgiv Avgv‡`i GKwU b`x‡K nZ¨v
K‡iwQ| G ai‡bi g„Zz¨i nvZ †_‡K Avgv‡`i Ab¨ b`xMy‡jv‡K euvPv‡Z Aek¨B c`‡¶c MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Avgv‡`i Ab¨ b`xmg–‡ni Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Kuv`‡Z n‡e †hgbUv Kuvw`
Avgv‡`i eywoM½vi Rb¨|
The Hakaluki Haor
Bangladesh
is full of waterbodies like rivers, canals, beels and haors. Hakaluki Haor is
one of the major wetlands of the country. It is a complex ecosystem, containing
more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The haor falls under two
districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Surrounding the haor, about 190,000 people
live. The haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh.
Fishes like Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are found here. The
beels in the haor provide winter shelter for mother fisheries. Now due to sand
deposits, dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants, many of
those beels have lost their capacity to provide such shelter. The haor is a
very important resting place for migratory birds. Unfortunately, illegal
poaching has been a threat to the bird population. Hakaluki Haor is also known
as a good grazing land for domestic animals in winter. The haor system provides
economic and non-economic benefits to the people. These benefits include fish
and rice production, duck, cattle and buffalo rearing, collection of reeds,
grasses, aquatic and other plants. Its unique system adds to the beauty of the
landscape both during the monsoon and other seasons. Its beauty and economic
importance can attract a large number of tourists. (Words : 208)
nvKvjywK nvIi
evsjv‡`k b`x-bvjv, Lvj, wej Ges nvI‡ii g‡Zv wewfbœ Rjvk‡q c–Y©|
nvKvjywK nvIi †`‡ki Ab¨Zg GKwU cÖavb Rjvkq| GwU 238wUiI †ewk ci¯•i mgš^qKvix
wej I Rjgn‡ji mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU RwUj ev¯@e¨we`¨v| nvIiwU †gŠjfxevRvi I wm‡jU
†Rjvq Aew¯’Z| GB nvIi‡K wN‡i cÖvq 1,90,000 gvbyl evm K‡i| nvIiwU evsjv‡`‡ki
grm¨ m¤•‡`i Rb¨ GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Drm| GLv‡b KvwjevDm, †evqvj, i“B, NvMU, cve`v
Ges Pvwcjvi g‡Zv gvQ cvIqv hvq| nvI‡ii wejMy‡jv kxZKv‡j gv grm¨‡`i Rb¨ AvkÖ‡qi
†hvMvb †`q| GLb evwji ¯@i, gvQ aivi Rb¨ cvwb kyKv‡bvi †KŠkj Ges RjR Dw™¢‡`i
Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y, GB mg¯@ A‡bK wej GB AvkÖq †hvMv‡bi ¶gZv nvwi‡q‡Q| AwZw_ cvwL‡`i
Rb¨ nvIiwU Lye Myi“Z¡c–Y© wekÖv‡gi RvqMv| `yf©vM¨ekZ, A‰ea cvwL wkKvi cvwLi
msL¨vi Rb¨ ûgwK n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| kxZKv‡j Mevw` ckyi wePi‡Yi Rb¨ nvKvjywK nvIi
cwiwPZ| GB nvIi gvby‡li Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK I A-A_©‰bwZK myweav †`q| Gme myweavi g‡a¨
Av‡Q gvQ I avb Drcv`b, nuvm, Mi“-QvMj I gwnl Piv‡bv, bjLvMov, Nvm, RjR I Ab¨vb¨
Dw™¢‡`i mgvnvi| G †gŠwjK cÖK…wZ el©v Ges Ab¨vb¨ FZz‡Z PZz®•v‡k¦©i †mŠ›`h© e„w×
K‡i| Gi †mŠ›`h© Ges A_©‰bwZK Myi“Z¡ eû msL¨K ch©UK‡`i AvK…ó Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Kuakata
Kuakata is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost
tip of Bangladesh. It is locally known as 'sagar kannya' that means the
daughter of the sea. It is in Latachapli union under Kalapara police station of
Patuakhali district. Kuakata is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It
is an attractive tourist spot having an excellent combination of the
picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky, the shimmering expanse of
water of the Bay of Bengal and an evergreen forest. According to the legend,
the Rakhaines expelled from Arakan by the Mughal invaders settled there. They dug
a 'kua' or well on the seashore that gave birth to the name of the place. A
visitor can enjoy both the sunrise and the sunset from Kuakata beach. It is one
of the world's most attractive beaches. It is also a sanctuary for migratory
birds. Kuakata is called a 'virgin beach'. The indigenous culture of the
Rakhaine community and Buddhist temples are cultural heritage of the area.
Besides, Kuakata is a holy land for the Hindus and the Buddhists. Many
century-old Buddhist temples adorn the place. Each year thousands of devotees
come here to attend, take holy bath and enjoy the festivals called Rash Purnima
and Maghi Purnima. (Words : 210)
KzqvKvUv
KzqvKvUv, evsjv‡`‡ki me©`w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z GKwU AmvaviY ˆbmwM©K
†kvfvgwÊZ RvqMv| ¯’vbxqfv‡e GwU ÔmvMi Kb¨vÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ hvi A_© mvM‡ii †g‡q|
GwU cUzqvLvwj †Rjvi Kjvcvov _vbvi jZvPvcvwj BDwbq‡bi Aš@M©Z| KzqvKvUvi ˆ`N©¨
cÖvq 30 wK.wg. Ges cÖ¯’ cÖvq 6 wK.wg.| wPÎer cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, evjyKvgq ˆmKZ,
bxj AvKvk, e‡½vcmvM‡ii wSwKwgwK Rjivwk we¯@vi Ges wPimeyR ebv‡ji GK PgrKvi wgkÖ‡Y
KzqvKvUv GKwU AvKl©Yxq ch©Ub ¯’vb| †jvKKvwnbx g‡Z gyNj AvµgYKvix‡`i Øviv
weZvwoZ AvivKv‡bi ivLvBbiv GLv‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| Zviv mgy`ªZx‡i GKwU Kzqv Lbb
K‡i hv GB RvqMvi bv‡gi Rš§ †`q| KzqvKvUv ˆmKZ †_‡K GKRb `k©bv_©x m–‡h©v`q Ges
m–h©v¯@ `ywUB Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU c„w_exi Ab¨Zg GKwU AvKl©Yxq ˆmKZ| GwU AwZw_
cvwL‡`i GKwU AvkÖq¯’jI| KzqvKvUv‡K ÔKzgvix ˆmKZÕ ejv nq| ivLvBb m¤•Ö`v‡qi wbR¯^
ms¯‹…wZ Ges †eŠ× gw›`iMy‡jv GB GjvKvi mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨| cvkvcvwk wn›`y Ges
†eŠ×‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cweÎ f‚wg| A‡bK kZ‡Ki cyivZb †eŠ× gw›`iMy‡jv RvqMvwU‡K Aj¼…Z
K‡i‡Q| cÖwZeQi nvRvi nvRvi f³ GLv‡b Av‡m, cyY¨øvb K‡i Ges ivkc–wY©gv Ges gvNx
c–wY©gvi Drme Dc‡fvM K‡i|
Beauty
Beauty is an abstract
idea which creates a great pleasure to the senses or to the mind of a person.
In fact it is a feeling which pacifies one's mind and it varies from person to
person. We find beauty in many things around us. Beauty is found in nature, in
human character, in the kindness of a person, in the laughter of children etc.
When we look at nature, we can enjoy natural beauty of mountain, sea, river,
forests etc. The laughter of children, a great human character, the kindness of
a person etc. create a feeling of pleasure to us. Everyone desires beauty
throughout his/her whole life but there are no unmixed blessings in the world.
Whenever we face any kind of ugliness, we strongly desire for beauty. Beauty is
an important part of our life but we have to remember that ugliness is also a
part of our life. People extensively feel the importance of beauty when it is
absent from their life. When we see hunger, injustice, maltreatment, terrorism
in our society, we seriously think of how to remove these evil things. The
absence of beauty reveals its importance to a great extent. Beauty and truth
are very closely related. Beauty is really desired by the people who always
search for truth. (Words : 216)
†mŠ›`h©
†mŠ›`h© n‡”Q GKwU weg–Z© aviYv hv gvby‡li Abyf‚wZ‡Z ev g‡b
Avb‡›`i D‡`ªK K‡i| Avm‡j GwU GKwU Abyf‚wZ hv GKR‡bi g‡b kvwš@ †`q Ges GwU
gvbyl‡f‡` wewfbœ nq| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki A‡bK wRwb‡mi g‡a¨B Avgiv †mŠ›`h© Lyu‡R
cvB| cÖK…wZ, gvby‡li PwiÎ, GKRb e¨w³i `qvkxjZv, ev”Pv‡`i nvwm BZ¨vw`‡Z Avgiv
†mŠ›`h© Lyu‡R cvB| Avgiv hLb cÖK…wZi w`‡K ZvKvB, ZLb cvnvo, mgy`ª, b`x, eb
BZ¨vw`i ¯^vfvweK †mŠ›`h© Avgiv Dc‡fvM Kwi| ev”Pv‡`i nvwm, GKwU gnvb gvbe PwiÎ,
GKRb gvby‡li `qvkxjZv BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i g‡b GKwU fv‡jvjvMvi Abyf‚wZ ˆZwi K‡i|
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zvi RxebRy‡o †mŠ›`‡h©i Avkv K‡i wKš‘ c„w_ex‡Z AwewgkÖ Avkxe©v` e‡j
wKQy †bB| hLbB Avgiv KzrwmZ wKQyi m¤§yLxb nB, ZLbB Avgiv †Rviv‡jvfv‡e my›`‡ii
Kvgbv K‡i _vwK| †mŠ›`h© Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Ask wKš‘ Avgv‡`i g‡b
ivLv `iKvi †h KzrwmZ wKQyI Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Ask| gvbyl e¨vcKfv‡e †mŠ›`‡h©i Myi“Z¡
Abyfe K‡i hLb GwU Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Abycw¯’Z _v‡K| hLb Avgiv Avgv‡`i mgv‡R ¶zav,
Ab¨vq, Am`vPiY, mš¿vm †`wL, ZLb Avgiv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B GMy‡jv †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq
LyuR‡Z _vwK| †mŠ›`‡h©i Abycw¯’wZB Gi Myi“Z
The
Sundarbans and the Royal Bengal Tiger
The
Sundarbans is a vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India, across the
coastline of the Bay of Bengal. The forest is famous as a habitat of our
national beast Royal Bengal Tiger. But it is an alarming news that 71% of the
forest's coastline is retreating by nearly 200 meters a year as a result of
soil erosion. If it continues, tigers' existence will be at stake. The causes
of this erosion are increasing storm, surges and other extreme natural events,
rises in sea-level and increased salinity that makes mangroves vulnerable. This
rapid retreating of coastline cannot be accounted by the regular dynamics of
the Sundarbans. Thus the forest is now a critical tiger habitat. The forest is
known for vanishing islands but the scientists said the current retreat of the
mangrove forests on the coastline is not normal. As human development thrives,
and global temperature continues to rise, natural protection from tidal waves
and cyclones are lessening at an alarming rate. This will inevitably lead to
species loss in this richly biodiverse part of the world. It is one of the few
forests that can hold several hundred tigers. So it is now vitally necessary to
save this forest for saving the majestic Bengal Tigers from extinction. (Words : 210)
my›`ieb Ges i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi
e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKvq Aew¯’Z, evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨
fvMvfvwM nIqv my›`ieb GK we¯@xY© DògÊjxq ebvÂj| Avgv‡`i RvZxq cky iq¨vj †e½j
UvBMv‡ii Avevm¯’‡ji Kvi‡Y GB ebwU weL¨vZ| wKš‘ GUv GKUv mZK©evZ©v †h f‚wga‡mi
Kvi‡Y ebv‡ji DcK‚j †iLvi 71% cÖwZeQi cÖvq 200 wgUvi wcwQ‡q hv‡”Q| GUv hw` n‡ZB
_v‡K Zvn‡j ev‡Ni Aw¯@Z¡ wecbœ n‡e| GB ¶qmva‡bi KviYMy‡jvi g‡a¨ So-R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi
ewa©Z msNUb, Ab¨vb¨ PiggvÎvq cÖvK…wZK NUbv, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× Ges ewa©Z
jeYv³Zv Ab¨Zg hv DògÊjxq ebf‚wgi Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| my›`ie‡bi wbqwgZ MwZgqZv Øviv
`ª“Z ¶xqgvb DcK‚j †iLvi e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv| Gfv‡e eZ©gv‡b GB ebvÂjwU‡Z ev‡Ni
emevm cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb n‡q c‡o‡Q| ebwU wejxqgvb Øx‡ci Rb¨ cwiwPZ wKš‘ weÁvbxiv
e‡jb †h mgy`ª ˆmK‡Z g¨vb‡MÖvf ebwUi cÐveb ¯^vfvweK bq| gvbweK Dbœqb Ges ˆewk¦K ZvcgvÎv
µgvMZ evovq †Rvqvi-fvUv I So-SÄv †_‡K cÖwZi¶v Avk¼vRbK nv‡i Kg‡Q| GUv we‡k¦i GB
mg„× ˆRe‰ewP‡Î¨i A‡j Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c cÖRvwZi wejywß NUv‡e| GB ebvÂjwU K‡qKwU
e‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU †hLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi kZ kZ evN‡K msi¶Y Kiv hvq| †MŠievwš^Z evsjvi
evN‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ GB ebvÂj‡K i¶v Kiv AZ¨vek¨Kxq|
Human Rights
Human rights
are the rights that are inherent in all human beings in spite of their
different identities. The basic or fundamental rights include human's social
rights, civil rights, political rights, cultural rights, religious rights and
economic rights etc. Everyone has the right to keep one's privacy, honour,
nationality, family, freedom of thought and expression, association, and
suffrage. Each and every country of the world adopts obligations and duties to
protect and fulfill its human rights. People all over the world struggle for
establishing fundamental human rights. But unfortunately people are yet to
overcome the barriers to human rights. Bangladesh emerged as an independent
state as a result of a fight against violation of human rights by the Pakistanis
in different ways. In spite of having enough potential for progress and
prosperity, our country is still fighting against humiliating poverty and
illiteracy. These two are perhaps the most powerful enemies of human rights. As
a result, most of the people are unable to speak and think freely. It is
essential that people need freedom to exercise their rights. But in our country
they are often neglected by the established politics and socio-economic
activities. Yet, there is ample scope for improvement in the status of human
rights. (Words : 205)
gvbevwaKvi
wewfbœ cwiwPwZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I
mg¯@ gvbeRvwZi Aš@wb©wnZ AwaKviB gvbevwaKvi| gvby‡li mvgvwRK AwaKvi, bvMwiK
AwaKvi, ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi, mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi, agx©q AwaKvi Ges A_©‰bwZK AwaKvi
BZ¨vw` †gŠwjK gvbevwaKv‡ii Aš@fz©³| cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB Zvi e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZv, m¤§vb,
RvZxqZv, cwievi, wPš@v I gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, msN Ges †fvUvwaKvi i¶vi AwaKvi
i‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i cÖ‡Z¨KwU †`‡kiB Zvi gvbevwaKvi cvjb I i¶v Kivi eva¨evaKZv I KZ©e¨
i‡q‡Q| mviv we‡k¦i gvbyl †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi i¶vq msMÖvg Ki‡Q| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ekZ
RbMY GLbI gvbevwaKv‡ii evavmg–n AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cvwK¯@vbx‡`i wewfbœfv‡e
gvbevwaKvi jsN‡bi wei“‡× msMÖvg/ hy× K‡i evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb ivó« wn‡m‡e Avwef‚Z©
n‡q‡Q| DbœwZ I Dbœq‡bi h‡_ó m¤¢vebv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgv‡`i †`k GLbI AegvbbvKi
`vwi`ª¨ I wbi¶iZvi wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Q| GB `yBwU gvbevwaKv‡ii m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q kw³ai
kΓ| d‡j, AwaKvsk gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e K_v ej‡Z I wPš@v Ki‡Z Amg_©| GUv Acwinvh© †h
AwaKvi Av`v‡q gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖwZwôZ ivRbxwZ
I Av_©-mvgvwRK Kg©KvÛ Øviv Zviv cÖvqB Ae‡nwjZ| Zv m‡Ë¡I, gvbevwaKv‡ii Ae¯’vi
Dbœq‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM Av‡Q|
Gazi
Pir
Gazi
Pir is a legendary or mythic character. According to legend, he was a Muslim
saint who helped the spread of Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the
Sundarbans. He is said to have done many miracles. People believe he could calm
dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually depicted in paats or
scroll paintings riding a terrifying Bengal Tiger, while holding a snake in his
hand. Some stories tell us that he also fought crocodiles that threatened the
people of a region full of canals and creeks. That place was, in fact, a watery
jungle. People also believe that he enabled villagers to live close to forests
and jungles and to cultivate their lands. Wild animals feared him. People of
those areas prayed to him for protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been
preserved in folk literature and indigenous culture. Some Gazir Paat
collections are also kept in the British Museum. (Words : 157)
MvRx cxi
MvRx cxi GKRb KvíwbK A_ev †cŠivwYK PwiÎ| †jvKKvwnbx Abymv‡i,
wZwb GKRb gymwjg mvaK wQ‡jb whwb my›`ie‡bi wbKUeZ©x evsjvi Askmg–‡n Bmjvg a‡g©i
cÖmv‡i mnvqZv K‡ib| ejv n‡q _v‡K †h wZwb A‡bK A‡jŠwKK NUbv NwU‡q‡Qb| gvbyl
wek¦vm K‡i †h wZwb wec¾bK cÖvYx kvš@ Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i ek Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zv‡K
mvaviYZ cvU A_ev ¯Œj †cBw›U‡O AuvKv nq whwb GKwU wnsmª ev‡Ni wc‡V P‡o Ges nv‡Z
GKwU mvc a‡i _v‡Kb| wKQy Mí Abymv‡i, wZwb Kzwg‡ii mv‡_I hy× Ki‡Zb hv Lvj-we‡j
fiv GKwU A‡ji gvby‡li Rb¨ f‡qi KviY wQj| RvqMvwU wQj cvwbgq R½j| gvbyl Av‡iv
wek¦vm K‡i †h wZwb gvbyl‡K ebR½‡ji wbK‡U evm Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i Rwg Pvl Ki‡Z
wkwL‡q‡Qb| eb¨ cÖvYx Zv‡K fq †cZ| H A‡ji RbMY mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Zvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv
KiZ| MvRx cx‡ii Mí †jvK mvwnZ¨ Ges †`kxq mvwn‡Z¨ msi¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQy MvRxi
cvU weªwUk Rv`yN‡iI ivLv Av‡Q|
Hercules
Hercules is a famous character of antique Greek
mythology. He was the son of Jupiter, the king of gods, and Alcmena. He was
assigned with some difficult tasks by Eurystheus, the king of Mycenae and his
cousin. Those tasks are known as the 'twelve labours of Hercules' in Greek
mythology. Eurystheus ordered Hercules to slay a lion and bring him his skin,
which disturbed the village of Nemea. Hercules at first fought the lion with
weapons but failed and then slayed it just with his hands. His next task was to
slay a monster called Hydra. Hydra had nine heads, one of which was immortal.
When Hercules attempted to struck off its heads, two new ones erupted. With the
help of his servant Iolaus, Hercules succeeded in burning eight heads of Hydra and
he managed to bury the immortal head under a rock. Hercules became successful
in his missions one after another and became a world-famous hero. (Words : 157)
nviwKDwjm
nviwKDwjm n‡”Q cÖvPxb MÖxK cyiv‡Yi GKwU weL¨vZ PwiÎ| wZwb wQ‡jb
†`eZv‡`i ivRv RywcUvi Ges AvjKwgbvi cyÎ| gvBwmwbi ivRv BDwimw_Dqvm Ges Zvi
PvPvZ fvB Zv‡K wKQy KwVb KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ KiZ| MÖxK cyiv‡Y Gme KvR ÔnviwKDwj‡mi
ev‡ivwU kÖgÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| BDwimw_Dqvm nviwKDwjm‡K Av‡`k K‡iwQj GKwU wmsn‡K ea
K‡i Zvi Pvgov wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ hv wbwgqv MÖv‡gi Awaevmx‡`i wei³ KiwQj| nviwKDwjm
cÖ_‡g wms‡ni mv‡_ A¯¿ wb‡q hy× K‡iwQj wKš‘ e¨_© nj, c‡i GwU‡K Zvi nvZ w`‡q nZ¨v
K‡iwQj| Zvi cieZ©x KvR wQj nvBWªv bvgK ˆ`Z¨‡K nZ¨v Kiv| nvBWªvi wQj bqwU gv_v,
hvi GKwU wQj AgiYkxj| nviwKDwjm hLb Zvi gv_vq AvNvZ Kivi †Póv K‡i, Zvi `yBwU
bZzb gv_v MRvq| Zvi f…Z¨ B‡qvjv‡mi mn‡hvwMZvq nviwKDwjm nvBWªvi AvUwU gv_v
cywo‡q †dj‡Z Ges AgiYkxj gv_vwU GKwU cvnv‡o cyuZ‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj| nviwKDwjm Zvi
wgk‡b G‡Ki ci GK mdjZv jvf K‡i c„w_exi GKRb weL¨vZ exicyi“l nIqvi L¨vwZ AR©b
K‡ib|
Dream
Philosophers
have been fascinated with dreams for thousands of years, but empirical research
and scientific study on it has begun only in recent times. Dreams can be
extraordinarily vivid or vague; it can be either joyful or frightening; and
also can be understandable or confusing. Yet the researchers do not understand
the purpose of dreams. The psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams
suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and
motivations. According to Freud, when our aggressive and sexual instincts are
not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams.
So dreams are disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes. Some researchers also
think that dreams are not meaningless rather the cognitive elements in our
brain produce new ideas during dreams. One theory suggests dreams to be the
result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. Some
theorists think dreams refresh the mind and according to some others, they function
as a form of psychotherapy. 'Dream' has also other meanings. The great Romantic
poet William Wordsworth regarded poets to be dreamers. Poets give voice to what
we desire to achieve. They write about the dreams of lovers, men of action,
patriots, social reformers and workers. The great leaders were also dreamers as
they dreamt for human emancipation. (Words : 214)
¯^cœ
¯^cœ nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i `vk©wbK‡`i cÖejfv‡e AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q wKš‘
mv¤•ÖwZK mg‡q Gi Dci ev¯@weK Ges ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYv kyi“ n‡q‡Q| ¯^cœ AmvaviYfv‡e
¯•ó n‡Z cv‡i wKsev LyeB A¯•ó n‡Z cv‡i; Avb›``vqK Av‡eM ev fxwZKi cÖwZ”Qwe‡Z
c–Y© n‡Z cv‡i; †K›`ªxf‚Z I †evaMg¨ ev Acwi®‹vi I wØavMÖ¯@ n‡Z cv‡i| Z_vwc,
M‡el‡Kiv GL‡bv ¯^‡cœi D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| g‡bvwe‡kÐlK wmMgÛ d«‡q‡Wi ZË¡ Abyhvqx
¯^cœ nj Ae‡PZb g‡bi B”Qv, fvebv I †cÖlYvi iƒcvqY| d«‡qW-Gi g‡Z, hLb gvby‡li
AvMÖvmx Ges †hŠb cÖe„wËMy‡jv m‡PZbfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq bv, GMy‡jv ¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g
Avgv‡`i m‡PZbZvq Zv‡`i c_ Lyu‡R †bq| myZivs ¯^cœ nj Ae`wgZ B”QvMy‡jvi
cwic–Y©Zv| wKQy M‡elK g‡b K‡ib ¯^cœ A_©nxb bq eis ¯^cœ †`Lvi mgq gvbwmK †evakw³
weKv‡ki Dcv`vbMy‡jv Avgv‡`i gw¯@‡®‹ bZzb aviYvi Rš§ †`q| GKwU ZË¡ Abyhvqx ¯^cœ
nj Ny‡gi mgq Avgv‡`i gw¯@‡®‹i evwn¨K DÏxcbv‡K iƒc`v‡bi †Póvi dj| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
ZvwË¡‡Kiv g‡b K‡ib ¯^cœ gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, GMy‡jv gvbwmK †iv‡Mi
cÖwZKvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| Ô¯^‡cœiÕ Ab¨ A_©I Av‡Q| gnvb †ivg¨vw›UK Kwe DBwjqvg
IqvW&m&Iqv_© Kwe‡`i ¯^vwcœK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb| hv Avgiv AR©b Kivi B‡”Q
†cvlY Kwi, Zv‡K Kweiv fvlvq cÖKvk K‡ib| Zviv †cÖwgK, Kg©x, †`k‡cÖwgK,
mgvR-ms¯‹viK Ges kÖwgK‡`i ¯^cœ wb‡q wj‡Lb| gnvb †bZvivI ¯^cœ`ªóv KviY Zviv
gvbe-gyw³i Rb¨ ¯^cœ †`‡L‡Qb|
Diaspora
The
word 'diaspora' means those people who have left their homelands and settled in
other parts of the world, either because they were forced to leave their
homeland or they liked to live in their own way. The word is used for a
collective group or a community. The world has seen many great diasporas. Among
those, the Jewish people are historically notable, who were forced to leave
their lands in ancient times. The Aryans who moved from the central Europe to
the Indian subcontinent is another important diaspora in history. But the
causes of this diaspora are unknown. The Palestinian diaspora attracted a lot
of interests in the last century. They are a cause of concern for the world
leaders due to their plight. War or the ravages of nature have created a
massive African diaspora, too. But the major cause of so much concerns of
diaspora in the modern world is globalization. (Words: 154)
Awfevmx
Awfevmx ej‡Z H mg¯@ †jvK‡`i‡K †evSvq hviv wb‡R‡`i gvZ…f‚wg †Q‡o
c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖv‡š@ emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i, †nvK †mUv Zv‡`i‡K †Rvic–e©K †`kZ¨v‡M
eva¨ Kiv A_ev †¯^”Qvq wb‡R‡`i cQ›`g‡Zv RvqMv †e‡Q †bIqv| Awfevmx kãwU †Kv‡bv
GKwU wbw`©ó m¤•Ö`vq ev †Kv‡bv †kÖYxi mgwó‡K †evSvq| GB kãwU A‡bK eo Awfevmx‡`i
†¶‡Î †`Lv †M‡Q| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ HwZnvwmKfv‡e Bûw` Rb‡Mvôx D‡jÐL‡hvM¨ hv‡`i‡K
cÖvPxbKv‡j Zv‡`i wbR f‚wg Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| BwZnv‡m Av‡iv GKwU
Myi“Z¡c–Y© Awfevmx n‡”Q Avh© m¤•Ö`vq hviv ga¨ BD‡ivc †_‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k
AvMgb K‡iwQj| wKš‘ GB Awfevmx‡`i AvMg‡Yi KviY GL‡bv ARvbv| MZ kZvãx‡Z wdwjw¯@bx
Awfevmxiv A‡b‡Ki bRi †K‡owQj| wdwjw¯@bx‡`i `ytL `y`©kv wek¦‡bZv‡`i D‡Ø‡Mi KviY
n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| hy× A_ev cÖK…wZi ZvÊe Avwd«Kv‡ZI e¨vcK Awfevmxi Rš§ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘
AvaywbK we‡k¦ Awfevm‡bi me‡P‡q eo KviY n‡”Q wek¦vqb|
Conflict
Conflict
means a disagreement among groups or individuals characterized by antagonism
and hostility. It is mainly caused by the opposition of one party to another,
and it comes as a result of one party's attempt to reach an objective different
from the other party's goal. Conflict is an inevitable part of life, as all of
us possess our own opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. We have our own ways of
thinking and we act accordingly. As a result, we find ourselves in conflict in
different scenarios with other individuals or groups of people. Then conflict
influences our actions and decisions. A clash of thoughts and ideas is a part
of the human experience; so conflict comes naturally. It can be seen as an
opportunity for learning and understanding our differences. Again, conflict in
the human world may concern either economy or value or power. It can be
interpersonal or intrapersonal, intergroup or intragroup. Interpersonal
conflict means a conflict between two persons. Intrapersonal conflict occurs
within an individual and takes place in a person's mind. Intragroup conflict
happens among individuals within a team. And intergroup conflict is seen among
teams within an organization. We can all live in harmony despite conflicts if
we know how to manage these issues. (Words : 209)
Ø›Ø
Ø›Ø ej‡Z kΓZv Ges ˆewiZv Øviv m„ó `jxq gZcv_©K¨ A_ev e¨w³MZ
we‡ivwaZv‡K †evSvq| Gi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GK`j †_‡K wfbœ GKwU D‡Ïk¨
ev¯@evq‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv `‡ji Ab¨ `‡ji cÖwZ we‡ivwaZvi dj| Ø›Ø Rxe‡bi GK Acwinvh©
Ask, †Kbbv Avgv‡`i mK‡jiB wbR¯^ gZvgZ, aviYv Ges wek¦vm i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i wPš@vi
wbR¯^Zv i‡q‡Q Ges Avgiv †mfv‡eB KvR Kwi| Gi d‡j Avgiv wb‡R‡`i‡K wewfbœ †¶‡Î Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³eM© A_ev †Mvôxi mv‡_ ؇›Ø Rwo‡q
†dwj| ZLb Ø›Ø Avgv‡`i wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ I wm×vš@mg–‡ni Dci cÖfve †d‡j| wPš@v
Ges †PZbvi msNvZ gvby‡li AwfÁZvi GKwU Ask| myZivs Ø›Ø Av‡m cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB|
Avgv‡`i gZcv_©K¨ †evSvi Ges fzj †_‡K wk¶v †bIqvi †¶‡Î ؛؇K GKwU my‡hvM wn‡m‡e
†`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi A_©bxwZ, g–j¨‡eva I ¶gZvi †¶‡Î gvbewe‡k¦ Ø›Ø GKwU D‡Ø‡Mi
KviY n‡Z cv‡i| cvi¯•wiK, e¨w³MZ, Aš@`©jxq A_ev Avš@t`jxq Ø›Ø n‡Z cv‡i|
Avš@:e¨w³MZ Ø›Ø ej‡Z `yÕRb gvby‡li ga¨Kvi ؛؇K †evSvq| e¨w³MZ Ø›Ø N‡U e¨w³i
g‡a¨ Ges e¨w³i g‡bvRM‡Z| `jxq †Kv›`j †`Lv †`q GKwU `‡ji GKvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨, Avi
Avš@:`jxq †Kv›`j N‡U GKwU ms¯’vq Kg©iZ GKvwaK `‡ji g‡a¨| ؇›Øi welqMy‡jv‡K
Kxfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z nq Zv hw` Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j Ø›Ø-msNvZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgiv
mevB kvwš@‡Z evm Ki‡Z cvwi|
Importance of Global Peace
The
issue of war and peace has always been a focal issue in all periods of history
of the world. Today establishment of peace in the world is one of the major
challenges for the world leaders. Peace doesn't only refer to the end of war,
rather it is more than that. It is, a condition characterized by peaceful,
cooperative and harmonious conduct of the global nations with a view to secure
an all round sustainable development of the people of the world. To make our
all the development efforts successful there is no alternative to establish
peace in the world. Peace is necessary to ensure human rights around the world.
We cannot think of a better life, better international relationship and better
world without peace. War or conflict has nothing good in them. They only bring
destructions. They create a sense of insecurity to live on the earth.
Establishment of peace will remove hostility among powerful countries of the
world. The modern age has seen different peace movements that have goals
including advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, demonstrations, peace
camps, supporting anti-war politicians and peace activists, etc. We should
remember that we are not for the world, but the world is for us. So it is
important for us to establish peace around us to exist. (Words : 217)
kvwš@
Av‡›`vjb n‡”Q GKwU mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb| †Kv‡bv we‡kl hy‡×i cwimgvwßKiY (A_ev me
hy×), Avš@tAvYweK msNvZ n«vm Ges wek¦ kvwš@ AR©bB n‡”Q kvwš@ Av‡›`vj‡bi g–j
j¶¨| GwU n‡”Q cy‡ivcywifv‡e GKwU hy× we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, GwU‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e Ggb
GKwU wek¦vm Øviv wPwýZ Kiv nq †h, gvby‡li G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ hy‡× wjß nIqv A_ev
fvlv, RvwZ, cÖvK…wZK m¤•`, ag© A_ev fvev`k©MZ mwnsm msNv‡Z Rwo‡q cov DwPZ bq|
kvwš@ Av‡›`vj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b kvwš@ev‡`i c¶cvwZZ¡, Awnsm cÖwZeÜKZv, we‡¶vf
cÖ`k©b, kvwš@ wkwei, hy×we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK cÖv_©x‡`i mg_©b, Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wbwl×KiY, kvwš@
Kvh©µ‡g mg_©b BZ¨vw` Aš@fz©³ Kiv nq| hw`I kvwš@ Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ
ms¯’vmg–‡ni wewfbœ j¶¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i Z_vwc Zv‡`i mevi GKwU mvaviY j¶¨ n‡”Q kvwš@i
¯’vwqZ¡| kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb wec¾bK cÖhyw³mg–‡ni ea©b Ges e¨vcK aŸsmvÍK A‡¯¿iI
we‡ivwaZv K‡i, we‡kl K‡i cvigvYweK A‡¯¿i| Gfv‡e wnsmv I we‡Ølgy³ c„w_ex cÖwZôv
KivB Gi D‡Ïk¨| me©cÖ_g kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb nq 1815-1816 mv‡j| gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó« GiKg
cÖ_g Av‡›`vjb wQj 1815 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ wbDBqK© cxm& †mvmvBwU| eû †`‡k
kvwš@Kvgx ms¯’v ¯’vwcZ nq| kvwš@i¶v I we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ Ø›Ø wbim‡bi
cÖv_wgK j¶¨ wb‡q RvwZmsN cÖwZôv Kiv nq| ZLb †_‡K eû RvwZi g‡a¨ eû Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ
n‡q‡Q, †hgbÑ cvigvYweK A¯¿ we¯@vi †iva Pzw³| mK‡jB kvwš@ Pvq Ges Awnsmvi gZev`
cQ›` K‡i|
The Recent Scientific Achievements
The
Modern Age is the age of science. We have had a tremendous advancement in the
field of science and technology in the last one and a half century. The first
remarkable work was the invention of electricity. The first house was lighted
with electricity in the 1870s. Cars were first available about a century ago.
The first trans-Atlantic flight was made in 1927. After the Second World War,
television came to the people's doors. Scientists have now focused their
attention on the growth of human longevity. Dr. Barney Clark made the Jarvik-7
the first artificial heart in 1982. It was intended to last a lifetime and was
a huge step towards the development of heart transplant surgery. Cell phones
made their appearance in the 1990s. Now more than 4.6 billion people around the
world use cell phones. Personal computer became available to consumers in 1974.
It is now used to get access to the Internet, do word processing, use a
calculator, watch TV, play games and do many other things. Communication
satellites support techno-based contact among people. Man has also reached the
Moon. The Internet and Microchip have revolutionized information technology.
Thus human civilization has achieved a new height through scientific
revolution. (Words : 203)
wek¦ kvwš@i
Myi“Z¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
hy× I kvwš@i welq we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m me©Kv‡ji AMÖMY¨ welqe¯‘‡Z cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ kvwš@ cÖwZôv wek¦ †bZv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ| hy‡×i
mgvw߇KB kvwš@ †evSvq bv, GwU Zvi †_‡KI AwaK| GwU, eis GKwU kZ© hv we‡k¦i
Rbmvavi‡Yi mvwe©K Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ we‡k¦i RvwZMy‡jvi kvwš@c–Y©, mn‡hvwMZvc–Y©
Ges HK¨e× AvPi‡Yi Øviv wPÎvwqZ| Avgv‡`i mKj Dbœqbg–jK cÖ‡Póv mdj Ki‡Z we‡k¦
kvwš@ ¯’vc‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| mgMÖ we‡k¦ gvbevwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z kvwš@ Ri“wi|
kvwš@ Qvov Avgiv GKwU fvj Rxeb, fvj Avš@R©vwZK m¤•K©/†hvMv‡hvM Ges GKwU fvj
c„w_ex wPš@v Ki‡Z cvwi bv| hy× ev ؇›Øi g‡a¨ fvj wKQy bvB| GMy‡jv kyaygvÎ aŸsm
†W‡K Av‡b| we‡k¦ †eu‡P _vK‡Z GwU GK ai‡bi wbivcËvnxbZvi Abyf‚wZ m„wó K‡i| kvwš@
cÖwZôv we‡k¦i kw³kvjx/ DbœZ †`kMy‡jvi g‡a¨ ˆewiZv `–i Ki‡e| AvaywbK hyM wewfbœ
kvwš@ Av‡›`vjb †`‡L‡Q †hMy‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q kvwš@ ¯’vc‡bi D‡`¨vM, Awnsm cÖwZ‡iva,
wgwQj, kvwš@ K¨v¤•, hy×-we‡ivax ivRbxwZwe` I kvwš@ Kg©x‡`i mg_©b BZ¨vw` j‡¶¨
cwiPvwjZ Av‡›`vjb| Avgv‡`i g‡b ivLv DwPZ Avgiv we‡k¦i Rb¨ bq, wKš‘ wek¦ Avgv‡`i
Rb¨| myZivs Avgv‡`i Aw¯@‡Z¡i Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k kvwš@ cÖwZôv Kiv Ri“wi|
Future Scientific Breakthroughs
Science
seems to have limitless possibilities. It has already taken the civilization to
a height with a huge number of inventions. It has blessed human life with
automobiles, electricity, radio, TV, modern medicare, computer and information
technology. As scientists are also dreamers, they always aim at new and newer
achievements. A possible scientific invention is DNA computer, which will have
vast memory and contain all the printed material of the world. Scientists,
especially NASA, are thinking of making permanent base in the moon. They are
also thinking for a technology of producing clean energy, which may include
wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, hydropower, nuclear and biofuel energy. The
doctors are dreaming of a remedy from life killing cancer and of high-tech
nanomedicine. The astrophysicists want to travel to the Mars, and also there
are dreamers who want to have a journey to the earth's centre. Man has been
dreaming to go to the Earth's center since the 19th century. It shows how
unpredictable technology can be. It is actually much more difficult than it
sounds. Especially, the pressure there is enormous. There is not even carbon
monotube there to maintain its shape at such pressure. But scientists are dreaming.
Thus science shows the human species of a bright and glorious future. (Words : 210)
weÁv‡bi
fwel¨r mvdj¨/AR©b
weÁv‡bi mxgvnxb m¤¢vebv Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq| e¨vcK msL¨K Avwe®‹v‡ii
gva¨‡g GUv mf¨Zv‡K Lye D”PZvq wb‡q †M‡Q| GUv †gvUiMvwo, we`y¨r, †eZvi, wUwf,
AvaywbK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, Kw¤•DUvi Ges Z_¨cÖhyw³ Øviv gvby‡li Rxeb‡K †mŠfvM¨kvjx
K‡i‡Q| weÁvbxiv †h‡nZz ¯^cœ`ªóv, Zviv me©`v b–Zb I bZzbZ¡ AR©‡bi w`‡K j¶ iv‡L|
DNA Kw¤•DUvi n‡”Q GKwU m¤¢ve¨ ˆeÁvwbK Avwe®‹vi hvi e¨vcK ¯§„wZkw³ _vK‡e Ges hv
we‡k¦i mg¯@ gyw`ªZ mvgMÖx aviY Ki‡e| weÁvbxiv we‡klZ NASA, Puv‡` ¯’vqx wfwË
¯’vc‡bi wPš@v Ki‡Qb| Zviv cwi”Qbœ kw³ Drcv`‡bi cÖhyw³i K_vI wPš@v Ki‡Qb hv
evZvm, †mŠi, f‚-Zvc NwUZ, †RvqvifvUv m¤^Üxq, cvwbkw³, AvYweK Ges ˆReR¡vjvbx kw³
Aš@fz©³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Wv³viMY cÖvYNvZx K¨vbmvi Gi cÖwZ‡laK Ges D”P cÖhyw³i b¨v‡bv
†gwWwm‡bi ¯^cœ †`L‡Qb| †R¨vwZtc`v_©weÁvbxiv g½jMÖ‡n ågY Ki‡Z Pvb Ges AviI A‡bK
¯^cœwejvmx Av‡Qb hviv c„w_exi †K‡›`ª ågY Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| 19k kZK †_‡KB gvbyl
c„w_exi †K‡›`ª hvIqvi ¯^cœ †`‡L Avm‡Q| G †_‡K †evSv hvq cÖhyw³ K‡ZvUv AwbwðZ
n‡Z cv‡i| ev¯@‡e GwU †hgb g‡b nq Zvi †P‡q A‡bK KwVb| we‡kl K‡i †mLvbKvi Pvc
cÖPzi| †mLv‡b G‡ZvUv Pvc mvgjv‡bvi Rb¨ GgbwK Kve©b g‡bvwUDeI †bB| wKš‘ weÁvbxiv
¯^cœ †`‡L hv‡”Qb| Gfv‡e weÁvb gvbeRvwZ‡K GKwU D¾¡j Ges †MŠiegq fwel¨‡Zi m¤¢vebv
†`Lv‡”Q|
Folk Music
Folk
music means that type of ancient music that springs from the heart of a
community, based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by classical
music or modern popular songs. A combination of folk song, folk dance and folk
tune can be called folk music, for example– Baul songs. The rural folk compose
folk music on the basis of ancient rules transmitted orally. Folk songs are
composed and performed by illiterate or semi-literate people, either in groups
or individually. It is a spontaneous expression in easy language, local dialect
and simple tune. Bangladesh has a rich tradition of folk music. These songs
tell about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the
supernatural. Our folk music varies from region to region. They are classified
into Bhawaiya, Bhatiyali, Baul, Murshidi, Marfati, Kabigan, Leto, Alkap,
Gambhira etc. Folk songs have been written on the culture, festivals, views of
life, natural beauty, rivers and rural life. Some song-writers have composed
mystical songs using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Bhatiyali is an
important genre of folk music in this riverine country. Tribes like Santal,
Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripura, Marma etc. have their own folk music.
All those forms of music have enriched our culture. (Words : 205)
†jvKm½xZ
†jvKmsMxZ n‡”Q †mB me ai‡bi cÖvPxb msMxZ hv GKwU m¤•Ö`v‡qi ü`q
†_‡K DrmvwiZ, Awfe¨w³ cÖKv‡k hv wbR¯^ ai‡bi Dci cÖwZwôZ, aª“c`x msMxZ Ges
AvaywbK RbwcÖq Mv‡bi ixwZi cÖfvegy³| †jvKMxwZ, †jvKb„Z¨ Ges †jvKmyi Gi mgš^q‡K
†jvKmsMxZ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, D`vniY¯^iƒc evDj msMxZ| MÖvgxY RbZv †jvKmsMxZ iPbv K‡i
cÖvPxb ixwZi Dci wfwË K‡i hv gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L P‡j G‡m‡Q| †jvKmsMxZ Awkw¶Z A_ev
Aa©wkw¶Z †jvKRb KZ…©K `jMZfv‡e A_ev GKKfv‡e iwPZ Ges MvIqv nq| GwU mnR fvlv,
AvÂwjK kã Ges mij my‡ii ¯^Ztù‚Z© cÖKvk| evsjv‡`‡k †jvKmsMx‡Zi mg„× HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q|
GB MvbMy‡jv mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ Ges `vwi`ª¨, cvw_©K RMr Ges AwZcÖvK…Z welq wb‡qI
iwPZ| Avgv‡`i †jvKmsMxZ AÂj‡f‡` wewfbœ nq| GMy‡jvi g‡a¨ fvIqvBqv, fvwUqvwj,
evDj, gywk©`x, gvidwZ, KweMvb, †j‡Uv, AvjKvc, M¤¢xiv BZ¨vw` fvM i‡q‡Q| ms¯‹…wZ,
Drme, Rxeb`k©b, cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©, b`-b`x Ges MÖvg¨ Rxe‡bi Ici †jvKm½xZ iwPZ
n‡q‡Q| wKQy MxwZKvi b`-b`x I †bŠKvi Dcgv e¨envi K‡i gigx m½xZ wj‡L‡Qb| G
b`xgvZ…K †`‡k fvwUqvwj †jvKm½x‡Zi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© kvLv| muvIZvj, Mv‡iv, nvRs,
PvKgv, gwYcywi, wÎcyiv, gvigv cÖf…wZ Avw`evmxMy‡jvi wbR¯^ †jvKmsMxZ i‡q‡Q|
msMx‡Zi Gme iƒc Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q|
Crafts of Bangladesh
A
craftwork is an applied form of art. It is a social and cultural product
reflecting the inclusive nature of folk imagination. A craftwork, though
doesn't bear the maker's signature, retains a personal touch. 'Nakshikantha' is
a fine example of Bangladeshi craftwork. We wonder at a Nakshikantha for its
artistic ingenuity. Our personal ignorance of the artist of a craftwork doesn't
diminish his/ her worth. A craftwork is shaped by the interaction of individual
creativity and community aesthetics, utility functions and also human values. A
craftwork also represents a way of life and a cultural flavour. That's why
changes in lifestyle and material conditions are expected to have their
influence on craftworks and their production. But craftworks face some problems
in this era. Its future is under threat due to industrialization and
meachanization. Now, crafts that are disappearing should be revived. Nowadays,
even when the market is an important factor, community aesthetics determine the
form and content of the work. Craftworks like dolls reflect community
aesthetics so much that the market cannot impose its preference on them.
Craftworks are dynamic objects, always evolving and abreast of changing tastes
and preferences. As a result, their demand still remains throughout the country
and beyond. (Words : 202)
evsjv‡`‡ki
wkíKg©
GKwU wkíKg© nj wkíKjvi cÖv‡qvwMK iƒc| GwU GKwU mvgvwRK Ges
mvs¯‹…wZK cY¨ hv‡Z †jvK Kíbvi mvgy`wqK AvPi‡Yi cÖKvk N‡U| GKwU wkíKg© hw`I
mPivPi Gi cÖ¯‘ZKvi‡Ki ¯^v¶i enb K‡i bv wKš‘ e¨w³MZ ¯•k© eRvq _v‡K| ÔbKwkKuv_vÕ
evsjv‡`wk wkíK‡g©i GK PgrKvi D`vniY| Avgiv ÔbKwkKuv_viÕ ˆkwíK D™¢vebcUzZv †`‡L
AevK nB| GKRb wkíK‡g©i wkíxi m¤•‡K© Avgv‡`i e¨w³MZ AÁZv Zvi †hvM¨Zv‡K aŸsm K‡i
bv| GKwU wkíKg©‡K e¨w³MZ m„RbkxjZv, mv¤•Ö`vwqK bv›`wbKZv, e¨envwiK Dc‡hvwMZv I
gvbweK g–j¨‡ev‡ai wg_w¯Œqv Øviv iƒc`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GKwU wkíKg© AviI
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i GKwU Rxebavivi Ges GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewk‡ó¨i| GKvi‡Y Rxebhvcbc×wZ
I ev¯@e †¶‡Î cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve wkíK‡g©i Ici co‡e e‡j cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq| wKš‘ G hy‡M
wkíKg© wKQy mgm¨vi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| wkívqb I hvwš¿KZvi Kvi‡Y Gi fwel¨r ûgwKi gy‡L|
GLb wejxqgvb wkíKg©My‡jv cybi“×vi Kiv `iKvi| AvRKvj hLb evRvi GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y©
wbqvgK, mvgvwRK b›`b‡eva wkíK‡g©i ˆewkó¨ wba©viY K‡i| cyZz‡ji g‡Zv wkíKg©My‡jv
mv¤•Ö`vwqK bv›`wbKZv‡K G‡Zv †ewk cÖwZdwjZ K‡i †h evRvi G‡`i cÖwZ Zvi we‡kl
c¶cvZ Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKwU wkíKg© Gfv‡eB GKwU cÖvYeš@ Kg© hv me©`v
weKvkgvb Ges cwiewZ©Z ¯^v` I i“wPi mv‡_ me©`v Zvj wgwj‡q P‡j| Gi d‡j, mviv ‡`‡k
Ges †`‡ki evB‡i Zv‡`i Pvwn`v GL‡bv i‡q‡Q|
Education
Education
is a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or
colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills. Education enlightens the mind
and broadens the outlook. There are two kinds of education informal and formal.
Informal education means basic education. It is acquisition which people
develop through their mother tongue. It is a natural and subconscious process
of receiving education. It is usually learnt while speaking with members of the
family, with friends and relatives. Informal education may be called implicit
learning. Formal education is learning which is received at schools, colleges
or universities with lessons, exams etc. Formal education may be classified as
academic, vocational and professional. Academic education provides academic
learning to learners in various disciplines such as arts, science, business
studies, law, medical and engineering etc. vocational education is connected
with the skills, knowledge, etc. that one needs to have in order to do a
particular job. Professional education refers to the kind of education which is
connected with a job needing special training or skill. Moreover, one of the
functions of education today should be to impart 21st century stills. Besides
reading, mathematics and science, it is necessary to train other skills that
are in demand. We can learn a lot from various kinds of education which enrich
our domain of knowledge. (Words : 218)
wk¶v
wk¶v n‡”Q wk¶Y, cÖwk¶Y I ÁvbvR©‡bi GKwU c×wZ hv we‡kl K‡i ¯‹zj
ev K‡j‡R Ávb I `¶Zv e„w× K‡i| wk¶v gb‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i Ges `„wófw½ we¯@vi K‡i|
`yB ai‡bi wk¶v Av‡QÑ AbvbyôvwbK I AvbyôvwbK| AbvbyôvwbK wk¶v ej‡Z †gŠwjK wk¶v
†evSvq| GUv n‡”Q AR©b hv RbMY‡K gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g weKwkZ K‡i| GUv n‡”Q
wk¶vMÖn‡Yi mnRvZ I Ae‡PZb c×wZ| GUv mPivPi cwiev‡ii m`m¨, eÜzevÜe I AvÍxq¯^R‡bi
m‡½ K_v ejvi gva¨‡g wkLv nq| AbvbyôvwbK wk¶v‡K Aš@wb©wnZ wk¶v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
¯‹zj, K‡jR ev wek¦we`¨vj‡q cvV I cix¶v BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †h wk¶v MÖnY Kiv nq Zv
AvbyôvwbK ev cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v| cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v‡K cyuw_MZ/†KZvex, e„wËg–jK Ges
†ckvg–jK fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cyuw_MZ/†KZvex wk¶v GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K Kjv, weÁvb,
e¨emvq wk¶v, AvBb, Wv³vix Ges cÖ‡KŠkj BZ¨vw` wewfbœ wel‡q cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †`q|
e„wËg–jK wk¶v Ávb, `¶Zv BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ RwoZ hv GKRb‡K wbw`©ó KvR Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
†ckvMZ wk¶v GK ai‡bi wk¶v hv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Kv‡R we‡kl cÖwk¶Y ev `¶Zv AR©‡b
mnvqZv K‡i| Zvi Ici, eZ©gvb hy‡M wk¶vi Ab¨Zg f‚wgKv nIqv DwPZ 21k kZvãxi
†KŠkjÁvb cÖ`vb| MwYZ I weÁvb †kLv‡bvi cvkvcvwk hy‡Mi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Ab¨vb¨ `¶Zv
†kLv‡bvI cÖ‡qvRbxq| wewfbœ ai‡bi wk¶v †_‡K A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z cvwi hv Avgv‡`i
Áv‡bi fvÊvi‡K mg„×kvjx K‡i|
Tourist Spots of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
is the darling child of nature. So, she has been blessed with innumerable
natural scenic spots all over the country. All these beautiful places are the
tourists' attraction from home and abroad. The National Park at Gazipur, the
BARI at Comilla, Rangamati, Bandarban, Cox's Bazar sea beach, Kuakata sea
beach, Hiron Point in the Sundarbans, the Shat Gombuj Mosque at Bagerhat, the
tea gardens of Sreemangal are some of the most important tourist spots of
Bangladesh. They are attractive because of their scenic natural beauty. The
tourists of home and abroad visit these places and enjoy their exquisite beauty
to their mind's content. The tourists are enjoyed to see the endless beauty of
those places. At present some of these tourist spots lag behind to attract
tourists for lack of accommodation facilities for them. Kuakata is truly a
virgin sea beach. Hiron Point is also such a tourist spot. The government
should take effective steps to uplift their present condition by making
arrangements for accommodation, safety of the tourists and enhance the beauty
of the spots. When more and more tourists from home and abroad will visit these
spots, the economy of the tourism corporation will increase to a great extent. (Words : 202)
evsjv‡`‡ki
ch©Ub ¯’vbmg–n
evsjv‡`k cÖK…wZi AwZ Av`‡ii mš@vb| ZvB mviv‡`‡k AmsL¨ my›`i
cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ Øviv †m Avkxe©v`cyó| Gme my›`i ¯’vbMy‡jv †`k we‡`‡ki ch©UK‡`i
AvKl©Y| MvRxcy‡ii RvZxq D`¨vb, KzwgjÐvi BARI, ivOvgvwU, ev›`ievb, K·evRvi mgy`ª
ˆmKZ, KzqvKvUv mgy`ª ˆmKZ, my›`ie‡bi wniY c‡q›U, ev‡Minv‡Ui lvU M¤^yR gmwR`,
kÖxg½‡ji Pv evMvb evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q Myi“Z¡c–Y© ch©Ub ¯’vbmg–‡ni Ab¨Zg| Zv‡`i
`k©bxq cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i Kvi‡Y Zviv AvKl©Yxq| †`k we‡`‡ki `k©bv_©xMY G mg¯@
¯’vb `k©b K‡i Ges gb f‡i Zv‡`i AmvaviY †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM K‡i| `k©bv_©xiv/ch©UKiv H
mg¯@ ¯’v‡bi Amxg †mŠ›`h© †`‡L we‡gvwnZ nq| eZ©gv‡b †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ch©Ub ¯’vb
ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ Avevmb ¯’v‡bi Afv‡e ch©UK AvKl©‡Y wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| KzqvKvUv cÖK…Zc‡¶
GKwU Ae¨eüZ mgy`ª ˆmKZ| wniY c‡q›UI Ggwb GKwU ch©Ub ¯’vb| ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ Avevm‡bi
e‡›`ve¯@, ch©UK‡`i wbivcËv I ¯’vbMy‡jvi †mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i G‡`i eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi
DbœwZi Rb¨ miKvi‡K Dchy³ e¨e¯’v †bIqv DwPZ| hLb †`k we‡`‡ki eû msL¨K ch©UK G
mKj ¯’vb `k©b Ki‡e ZLb ch©Ub K‡c©v‡ik‡bi A_©bxwZ eûjvs‡k e„w× cv‡e|
Travelling
Travelling means going from one place to another
for different purposes. They also explore to see the unseen and know the
unknown. The travellers always travel the most beautiful places of the world
which uphold the existence of nature. There are many ways to see the unseen and
know the unknown, but travelling is the best of all. For example : reading
books gives us literal knowledge, listening story gives us indefinite ideas,
but travelling gives us visual as well as concrete knowledge. Someone travels
to gain knowledge and experience, someone travels for pleasure, someone travels
for business purposes etc. There are different types of travelling like
travelling by air, bus, boat, train etc. Every travelling has much educative
value. It is a part of education. Our education and book knowledge remain
imperfect without travelling. For this reason, we can learn many things by
travelling. It teaches us trade and commerce, language, sociology, customs,
culture, history, geography and so on. Therefore, the educative value of
travelling beyond description. Besides, there are some special benefits of
travelling. Travelling removes our monotony and gives pleasure. Similarly, it
also broadens our outlook and refreshes our mind. A good traveler can easily
educate others. (Words: 200)
ågY
wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ GK¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨¯’v‡b hvIqv‡K ågY e‡j| Zviv A‡`Lv‡K
†`Lv I ARvbv‡K Rvbvi m¤¢ve¨ZvI cix¶v K‡i| ågYKvixiv me mgqB we‡k¦i me‡P‡q my›`i
¯’vbMy‡jv Ny‡i †eovb hv cÖK…wZi Aw¯@Z¡‡K mg_©b K‡i| A‡`Lv‡K †`Lv I ARvbv‡K
Rvbvi A‡bK Dcvq Av‡Q wKš‘ ågY me‡P‡q fv‡jv cš’v/Dcvq| D`vniY¯^iƒc : eBcov
Avgv‡`i‡K Av¶wiK Ávb †`q, Mí‡kvbv Avgv‡`i‡K Awbw`©ó aviYv †`q wKš‘ ågY
Avgv‡`i‡K `„wówbf©i Ges ev¯@e Ávb †`q| †KD †KD Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ ågY K‡i,
†KD †KD Avb‡›`i Rb¨ ågY K‡i, †KD †KD e¨emvi D‡Ï‡k¨ ågY K‡i| åg‡Yi wewfbœ
cÖKvi‡f` Av‡Q †hgb wegvb, evm, †bŠKv, †Uªb ågY BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡Z¨K åg‡YiB A‡bK
wk¶vMZ g–j¨ Av‡Q| GUv wk¶vi GKUv Ask| ågY e¨ZxZ Avgv‡`i wk¶v I cyw_MZ Ávb
Am¤•–Y© _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y ågY Øviv Avgiv A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z cvwi| GUv Avgv‡`i‡K
e¨emv-evwYR¨, fvlv, mgvRweÁvb, ixwZbxwZ, K…wó, BwZnvm, f‚‡Mvj Ges Av‡iv KZ Kx
wk¶v †`q| myZivs åg‡Yi wk¶vMZ g–j¨ eY©bvZxZ| ZvQvov åg‡Yi wKQy we‡kl DcKvwiZv
Av‡Q| ågY Avgv‡`i GK‡N‡qwg `–i K‡i Ges Avb›` †`q| Z`ªƒc, GUv Avgv‡`i `„wófw½
we¯@„Z K‡i Ges Avgv‡`i gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i| GKRb fv‡jv ågYKvix Ab¨‡`i‡K wk¶v`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
Environmental pollution refers to the pollution of
natural conditions, land, air and water in which human beings, animals and
plants live. There are various types of pollution in the environment. Air
pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, arsenic pollution are some of
them. Air is being polluted by the emission (wbM©Z nIqv) of harmful
smoke. Mills and factories, vehicles with engines produce carbon dioxide,
carbon monoxide and many other poisonous gases. By inhaling (wbk¦vm †bIqv) this polluted air, people suffer from various diseases. Water is
polluted very easily. Human waste and industrial waste are greatly responsible
for water pollution. farmers use
pesticides
(KxUbvkK) and chemicals for producing crops. Floods and rain water wash these
materials into ponds, rivers and other sources of water and by drinking this
polluted water, people become sick. Again sound is polluted if it is above 70
decibel. Most of the vehicles use hydrolic horns which produce unbearable
sound. Nowadays arsenic pollution is increasing alarmingly. If we don't take
step to prevent these pollutions, our life on earth will be hellish (bviKxq). We should make everybody aware of the harmful
effects of these pollutions. this
is not all. Punishment should be given to those bad people who are directly
involved with environmental pollution. (Words : 200)
cwi‡ek `–lY
cwi‡ek `–lY ej‡Z wewfbœ
cÖvK…wZK Ae¯’v, f‚wg, evqy Ges cvwb †hLv‡b gvbyl, RxeRš‘ I MvQcvjv emevm K‡i
GMy‡jvi `–lY‡K †evSvq| cwi‡e‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi `–lY Av‡Q| evqy `–lY, cvwb `–lY, kã
`–lY, Av‡m©wbK `–lY Gi g‡a¨ wKQy `–lY| ¶wZKi †avqv wbM©g‡bi gva¨‡g evqy
`–wlZ nq| KjKviLvbv, hvbevnb, Kve©b WvB A·vBW, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW Ges Ab¨vb¨ welv³
M¨vm Drcv`b K‡i| Gme `–wlZ evqy MÖnY K‡i †jvKRb wewfbœ †iv‡M Avµvš@ n‡”Q| cvwb
Lye mn‡RB `–wlZ n‡”Q| gbyl¨eR©¨ I wkíeR©¨ cvwb `–l‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vcKfv‡e `vqx|
K…l‡Kiv dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Rwg‡Z KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK c`v_© e¨envi K‡i| eb¨v I
e„wói gva¨‡g G mKj c`v_© cyKzi, b`x I cvwbi Ab¨vb¨ Dr‡mi mv‡_ wg‡k hv‡”Q Ges GB
`–wlZ cvwb cvb K‡i †jvKRb Amy¯’ n‡”Q| Avevi 70 †Wwme‡ji Dc‡i kã `–wlZ nq|
AwaKvsk hvbevn‡b nvB‡WªvwjK euvwk _v‡K hv Amnbxq kã m„wó K‡i| eZ©gv‡b Av‡m©wbK
`–lY gvivÍKfv‡e e„w× cv‡”Q| hw` Avgiv Gme `–lY †iv‡a c`‡¶c bv †bB Zvn‡j
c„w_ex‡Z Avgv‡`i Rxeb bviKxq n‡q DV‡e| Avgv‡`i DwPZ mKj‡K Gme `–l‡Yi ¶wZKi w`K
m¤•‡K© m‡PZb Kiv| ïay ZvB bq| †hme g›` †jv‡Kiv cwi‡ek `–l‡Yi mv‡_ mivmwi RwoZ
Zv‡`i kvw¯@ †`Iqv DwPZ|
Drug addiction, as
curse in modern age leads to an untimely miserable death of the addicts. Drug
addiction is the habit of using non-prescribed medicine for exciting feelings.
Opium, hemp, heroine, morphine, yaba, phensidyl etc. are the main drugs taken in
our country. Drug addiction is the habit of taking an excess of drug for no
physical disease but to get rid of frustration. There are a great variety of
reasons behind drug addiction. Frustration due to unemployment, political
anarchy, lack of family ties and lack of love and affection is the main cause
of drug addiction. Drugs create some kind of dream like feelings and the
drug-takers forget everything for some moments and live in a world of
hallucination. Drug addiction causes a lot of harms not only to the addicts but
also to the society and nation as a whole. Drugs tell upon the human body
terribly. The addicts feel drowsy and his nervous system gradually becomes weak
causing damage to their brain which leads to decay and death. When the addicts
fail to arrange money for buying drugs, they commit various kinds of social
crimes and become dependent on others. Both the government and non-government
agencies including the parents may cure the addicts and help them to live a
happy and peaceful life in the society. (Words : 219)
gv`Kvmw³
gv`Kvmw³, AvaywbK RM‡Zi GKUv Awfkvc hv Avm³‡`i‡K Amg‡q `ytLRbK
g„Zz¨i w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| gv`Kvmw³ n‡”Q D‡ËRbvgq Abyf‚wZi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcÎ
ewnf‚©Z Jla e¨env‡ii Af¨vm| Avwdg, fvs, †n‡ivBb, giwdb, Bqvev, †dbwmwWj BZ¨vw`
evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ cÖavb cÖavb gv`K`ªe¨| gv`Kvmw³ n‡”Q †Kv‡bv e¨vwa QvovB nZvkv
Govevi Rb¨ AwZwi³ gvÎvq Jla e¨env‡ii Af¨vm| gv`Kvmw³i †cQ‡b wewfbœ KviY Av‡Q|
†eKviZ¡, ivR‰bwZK ˆbivR¨, cvwievwiK e܇bi Afve Ges fv‡jvevmv I †ø‡ni Afve RwbZ
nZvkv gv`Kvmw³i cÖavb KviY| gv`K GKcÖKvi ¯^cœvjy Abyf‚wZ m„wó K‡i Ges gv`Kvm³iv
K‡qK g–û‡Z©i Rb¨ me wKQy fz‡j wM‡q GK KvíwbK RM‡Z evm K‡i| gv`Kvmw³ †KejgvÎ
Avm³‡`i bq, mgvR I mvgwMÖKfv‡e RvwZiI cÖf‚Z ¶wZ K‡i| gv`K gvby‡li Rxeb‡K
gvivÍKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯@ K‡i| Avm³iv Z›`ªv”Qbœ n‡q c‡o Ges Zv‡`i øvqyZš¿ Av‡¯@ Av‡¯@
`ye©j n‡q gw¯@‡®‹i ¶wZi Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨ NUvq| gv`K †Kbvi A_© msMÖ‡n e¨_© n‡j Avm³iv
wewfbœcÖKvi mvgvwRK Aciva K‡i Ges A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o| miKvi Ges
gvZvwcZv mn †emiKvwi ms¯’v mg–n Avm³‡`i‡K mviv‡Z Ges mgv‡R myLx I kvwš@c–Y©
Rxeb hvc‡b Zv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Good
friends are very rare in these fast changing days. Old values have gone and new
ones have not yet come. I am lucky to have a number of friends. Among them I
have a special one and we love each other very much. The name of my best friend
is Shayan Sharjeel. He comes from a respectable family. We are class fellows.
He is one of the best students of our class. He understands things quickly. He
is a bright and active student. He is very punctual. He is obedient and
respectful. He is soft-spoken. He is good in studies. He reads some extra books
and is not confined to his textbooks. He takes interest in current affairs and
often discusses with me about important issues of the day. He is tolerant,
broadminded and co-operative. He is also fond of seeing movies in theater.
Sometimes he compels me to accompany him even though I have seen that
particular movie. In fact, nobody is absolutely free from shortcomings. I allow
him to enjoy such liberties and he does not cross the limit. He is a very good
cricket player. He is a well-mannered boy. I am really proud of him. (Words :
200)
Avgvi
†miv eÜz
`ª“Z
cwieZ©bkxj eZ©gvb w`bMy‡jv‡Z fv‡jv eÜz‡`i Lyu‡R cvIqv LyeB `yj©f e¨vcvi| cyivZb
g–j¨‡eva †kl n‡q wM‡q‡Q Ges GLbI ch©š@ bZzbwUi AvMgb N‡Uwb| AmsL¨ eÜz †c‡q Avwg
ab¨| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Avgvi we‡kl GKRb Av‡Q Ges Avgiv ci¯•i‡K LyeB fv‡jvevwm| Avgvi
†miv eÜzi bvg kvqvb kviwRj| †m GKUv m¤£vš@ cwievi †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Avgiv K¬vm-eÜz|
†m Avgv‡`i †kÖwYi †miv Qv·`i Ab¨Zg GKRb| †m welqMy‡jv ZvovZvwo †ev‡S| †m GKRb
†gavex I mwµq QvÎ| †m LyeB mgqwbô| †m KZ©e¨civqb I kÖ×vkxj| †m g„`yfvmx| †m
Aa¨q‡b fv‡jv| †m wKQy AwZwi³ eB c‡o Ges †m cvV¨eB‡qi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K bv|
mv¤•ÖwZK welqMy‡jv‡Z †m AvMÖn †`Lvq Ges w`‡bi Myi“Z¡c–Y© welqMy‡jv wb‡q †m
cÖvqB Avgvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i| †m mwnòz, D`vigbv Ges mn‡hvMx| †m
bvU¨kvjv/w_‡qUv‡i wm‡bgv †`L‡ZI fv‡jvev‡m| wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv wm‡bgv, hv Avwg †`‡LwQ
Zv m‡Ë¡I †m gv‡S gv‡S IUv †`L‡Z Avgv‡K m½x n‡Z eva¨ K‡i AwaKš‘, †KDB cy‡ivcywi
ΓwUgy³ bq| Avwg G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fv‡M m¤§wZ RvbvB Ges †m mxgv AwZµg K‡i
bv| †m GKRb fv‡jv wµ‡KU †L‡jvqvo| †m GKRb AvPviwbô †Q‡j| Avwg mwZ¨B Zvi Rb¨
Mwe©Z|
An
ideal student is an all-rounder having many different qualities, skills and
abilities. He/she is an asset for the school and for the country. Punctuality
is a good virtue for all. An ideal student is always regular and punctual in
attending the class and submitting the assignment. A good student is very
studious. He/she learns and earns and his/her learning is an asset. He/She does
not leave anything undone for tomorrow that can be done today. An ideal student
always speaks the truth. So it is seen that an ideal student always remains
ahead and success embraces him/her all the times. All these qualities make him/
her different from other students. We need simplicity and sincerity in all
walks of life. An ideal student is simple in behaviour, sincere in activities
and dedicated towards the nation. He/she should be polite in his/her behaviour
in order to be loved and cared for by all. He provides a model that other
students follow. He/she is always obedient to his parents and teachers.
Bangladesh is marching towards the progress since her birth. The whole nation
wants brilliant students. In this context, an ideal student is given utmost
priority. Everybody loves an ideal student. (Words : 200)
GKRb
Av`k© QvÎ
GKRb Av`k©
Qv‡Îi A‡bK MyY, †hvM¨Zv I `¶Zv _v‡K| †m we`¨vjq Ges †`‡ki Rb¨ m¤•`|
wbqgvbyewZ©Zv mK‡ji Rb¨ GKwU fv‡jv MyY| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ †kÖYx‡Z Dcw¯’Z I †kÖYxi
KvR cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î me©`v wbqwgZ _v‡K| GKRb fv‡jv QvÎ Lye cov‡kvbv K‡i| †m
cov‡kvbv K‡i Ges DcvR©b K‡i Ges Zvi we`¨vR©b m¤•‡`i gZ g–j¨evb| †m AvR hv Ki‡Z
cv‡i Zv AvMvgxKv‡ji Rb¨ †d‡j iv‡L bv| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ me©`v mZ¨ K_v e‡j| ZvB
†`Lv hvq, GKRb Av`k© QvÎ me mgq GwM‡q _v‡K Ges mdjZv me mgq Zv‡K Avwj½b K‡i|
Gme MyYvejx Zv‡K Ab¨vb¨ QvÎQvÎx‡`i †_‡K c„_K K‡i| Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î Avgv‡`i mijZv
I Avš@wiKZv cÖ‡qvRb| GKRb Av`k© QvÎ AvPi‡Y mij cÖK…wZi, Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Avš@wiK Ges
†`‡ki cÖwZ wb‡ew`Z| Zv‡K AvPi‡Y bgª n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mevB Zv‡K fv‡jvev‡m Ges Zvi
hZœ †bq| †m GKwU bgybv cÖ`vb K‡i hv Ab¨vb¨ QvÎQvÎxiv AbymiY K‡i| †m me©`v Zvi
wcZvgvZv I wk¶K‡`i cÖwZ AbyMZ| evsjv‡`k Zvi Rš§jMœ †_‡K DbœwZi w`‡K GwM‡q
hv‡”Q| mgMÖ RvwZ †gavex QvÎ Pvq| GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z GKRb Av`k© Qv·K me‡P‡q †ewk
Myi“Z¦ †`Iqv nq| mevB GKRb Av`k© Qv·K fvjev‡m|
Present age is the age of
science and technology. Modern technology is a great blessing for present
civilization. We see the use of modern technology in every sphere of our life.
We can't think of our modern life without science and technology. Technology is
being used in industry, communication, medical treatment, household activities
etc. Use of technology has made our life easy and more comfortable. Modern
technology has turned the world into a global village. With the blessings of
mobile phone, internet, television, computer we can know in an instant what is
happening in the farthest corner of the world. We can communicate with anyone
living at any place in the world within seconds. Medical technology has
advanced to a great extent. It is being used in diagnosing and curing very
complex diseases. Sophisticated plane, rocket, ship etc. are the gifts of
modern technology. Mills and factories are manufacturing various things very
quickly. Mobile phone and computer are certainly most wonderful invention of
science. Besides, communication between person to person, we can enjoy various
things on these two wonderful scientific devices. Technology has made the
impossible things possible. In a word, it is the life and soul of modern
civilization. (Words : 200)
AvaywbK cÖhyw³
eZ©gvb hyM weÁvb I cÖhyw³i hyM| eZ©gvb mf¨Zvi Rb¨ AvaywbK cÖhyw³
GK weivU Avkxe©v`| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Avgiv AvaywbK cÖhyw³i e¨envi j¶
Kwi| weÁvb I cÖhyw³ Qvov Avgiv Avgv‡`i AvaywbK Rxeb Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwibv| wkí
KviLvbv, †hvMv‡hvM, wPwKrmv †mev, M„n¯’vwji KvRKg© BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖhyw³i e¨envi
n‡”Q| cÖhyw³i e¨envi Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K mnR Ges Av‡iv Avivg`vqK K‡i‡Q| AvaywbK
cÖhyw³ wek¦‡K GKwU ˆewk¦K MÖv‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| †gvevBj †dvb, B›Uvi‡bU, †Uwjwfkb, Kw¤•DUv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ we‡k¦i AwaKZi `–ieZ©x ¯’v‡b msNwUZ NUbv gyn–‡Z©i g‡a¨ Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi|
we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡š@ emevmiZ Kv‡iv mv‡_ Avgiv †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z
cvwi| AvaywbK cÖhyw³i wekvj AMÖMwZ n‡q‡Q| GwU LyeB RwUj †ivM wbY©q I wbivg‡q
e¨eüZ n‡”Q| D”P cÖhyw³i wegvb, i‡KU, RvnvR BZ¨vw` AvaywbK cÖhyw³i Dcnvi|
Kj-KviLvbv wewfbœ ai‡bi wRbxmcÎ AwZ `ª“Z Drcv`b Ki‡Q| †gvevBj †dvb Ges Kw¤•DUvi
Aek¨B weÁv‡bi AwZ Avðh©RbK Avwe®‹vi| GQvov e¨vw³ †_‡K e¨vw³i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î
ˆeÁvwbK GB `ywU PgrKvi wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g Avgiv wewfbœ wRwbm Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvwi|
cÖhyw³ Am¤¢e wRwbm‡K m¤¢e K‡i‡Q| GK K_vq GwU AvaywbK mf¨Zvi cÖvY|
Cell Phone is a great
invention of modern science. It is called so because a user can carry it
wherever he goes out. It has made the interpersonal communication very easy and
fast. One can communicate with the expected person within a few seconds through
a mobile phone. Business communication has become easier because of the use of
this device and all steps of life are benefited by it. It is also helpful for
the students. They can get suggestion of their studies from their friends and
teachers. So the number of consumers of mobile phone is increasing day by day.
Today, more than 100 million people in Bangladesh and over 4.6 billion people
around the world use cell phones. It spreads so fast that it is now considered
one of the greatest inventions of all time. It makes the world smaller and
brings all closer. But it is unfortunate that it has some negative aspects too.
Criminals also use it for their activities. It causes some health hazard.
Scientists believe that it causes brain tumors by its invisible and
uncontrolled radio activity. Specially the pregnant women and children should
not use it at all. In spite of all these, mobile phone is a blessing for us. (Words : 207)
gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi
e¨envi Ges Ace¨envi
gy‡Vv‡dvb AvaywbK weÁv‡bi GK Myi“Z¡c–Y© Avwe®‹vi| GwU‡K GB bv‡g
WvKv nq, KviY Gi e¨enviKvix G‡K †hLv‡b Lywk †mLv‡b enb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU cvi¯•wiK
†hvMv‡hvM‡K K‡i‡Q A‡bK mnR Ges `ª“Z| gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb Zvi Kvw¸¶Z e¨w³i
mv‡_ Aí †m‡K‡Êi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB h‡š¿i e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K
†hvMv‡hvM A‡bK mnRZi n‡q †M‡Q Ges Rxe‡bi me‡¶Î Gi Øviv DcK…Z n‡”Q| GwU
wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨I mnvqK| Zviv covkybvi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i eÜz Ges wk¶K‡`i KvQ †_‡K
civgk© †c‡q _v‡K| ZvB w`‡b w`‡b gy‡Vv‡dvb e¨enviKvixi msL¨v †e‡oB P‡j‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k 100 wgwjq‡bi †ewk gvbyl Ges wek¦Ry‡o 4.6 wewjq‡bi AwaK †jvK
gy‡Vv‡dvb e¨envi K‡i| GwU G‡Zv `ª“Z Qov‡”Q †h GwU‡K eZ©gv‡b me©Kv‡ji Ab¨Zg †kÖô
Avwe®‹vi e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| GwU c„w_ex‡K ¶z`ªZi K‡i Ges mevB‡K Kv‡Q Av‡b| wKš‘
`yt‡Li welq GB †h, Gi wKQy Lvivc w`KI Av‡Q| mš¿vmxivI Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GwU
e¨envi K‡i| Gi Kvi‡Y wKQy ¯^v¯’¨ SzuwK †`Lv †`q| weÁvbxiv wek¦vm K‡ib †h Gi
A`„k¨ Ges Awbqwš¿Z †ZRw¯ŒqZvi Kvi‡Y gw¯@‡®‹ wUDgvi nq| we‡kl K‡i Mf©eZx gwnjv
Ges †QvU wkky‡`i GwU GK`g e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq| ZeyI gy‡Vv‡dvb Avgv‡`i Rb¨
Avkxe©v`|
Internet, the latest and most wonderful
means of worldwide communication, is a computer-based global network system
that has created a great revolution in the world. It is the cheapest and
fastest means of communication for business and commerce. The information
system of the world has become globalized with the magical touch of internet.
Like a spider-web the internet has spread its interconnected link with tens,
hundreds or even thousands of computers. Internet has brought new opportunities
to government, education and business. In the developed countries teachers send
every study material and course to every individual student through internet.
Picture, data and many other things also can be sent through internet. If one
wants to use internet, one has to learn how to operate it. Firstly, the user
needs a particular software to install in his computer. Next, he has to click on the browsing icon where a
space for writing the address on the web page will appear. One can go for a
searching engine in order to find a particular web page or a piece of
information. Bangladesh, as a developing country does not have access to the
internet in all spheres except the banking system and educational institutions.
(Words : 200)
B›Uvi‡bU
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi me©‡kl I wewPÎZg gva¨g B›Uvi‡bU n‡”Q GKwU Kw¤•DUvi
wfwËK ˆewk¦K †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v hv wek¦Ry‡o weivU wecÐe m„wó K‡i‡Q| GwU
e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi me‡P‡q m¯@v I `ª“ZZg gva¨g| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Rv`yKix
¯•‡k© we‡k¦i †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v wWwRUvj n‡q D‡V‡Q| gvKomvi Rv‡ji gZ `k, kZ kZ wKsev
Ggb wK nvRvi nvRvi Kw¤•DUv‡i B›Uvi‡b‡Ui we¯@„wZ N‡U‡Q| B›Uvi‡bU miKvwi KvR Kg©,
wk¶v I e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ bZzb my‡hvM wb‡q G‡m‡Q| DbœZ †`kMy‡jv‡Z wk¶Kiv cÖwZwU wk¶v
DcKiY I †Kvm© cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi Kv‡Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cvwV‡q †`q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
gva¨‡g Qwe, DcvË I Ab¨ A‡bK wKQyI cvVv‡bv hvq| hw` †KD B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Z
Pvq, Zv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e Kxfv‡e Zv Pvjbv Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g, Kw¤•DUv‡i Bb÷j Kivi Rb¨
e¨enviKvixi GKwU we‡kl md&UIqvi `iKvi| Zvici, Zv‡K eªvDwRs AvBKb ev cÖZx‡K
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b GKwU I‡qe †cBR Avm‡e Ges hv‡Z wVKvbv †jLvi Rb¨ GKUv RvqMv
_vK‡e| †Kv‡bv we‡kl I‡qe †cR wKsev Z_¨ LyuR‡Z PvB‡j †KD mvwP©s Bwćb †h‡Z cv‡i|
Dbœqbkxj ivó« wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k e¨vswKs c×wZ I wk¶vcÖwZôvb Qvov †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi †bB|
The necessity of learning English is beyond
description. English is that common language which is used and understood all
over the world. It has become the second language of our country. We need to
know the language for many reasons. We cannot communicate with the people of
other countries in our mother tongue. We need a language that is common to the
people of all the countries. When we go outside, we use English to communicate
with the foreigners. We have to use English in business correspondence with foreigners.
Nowadays businessmen have to maintain international relations. So they use
English language. Next, we require English language for higher studies because
books of higher classes are written in English. The language of computer, the
present wonder of science, is English. It is not possible to operate computer
without knowing English. Moreover, English is essential in Foreign Service.
People who are engaged in serving international relations must know English.
There are many other jobs like postman, airhostess, hotel receptionist etc.
that essentially require English. In all, English language has become a very
indispensable and unavoidable language for us. The simple ways to improve it
are to provide the students with the standard English text of every class in
each school and college. (Words : 210)
Bs‡iwR †kLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Bs‡iwR †kLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bvZxZ| Bs‡iwR Ggb GKwU cwiwPZ fvlv
hv mviv c„w_exe¨vcx e¨eüZ nq| GUv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wØZxq fvlv| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y
Avgv‡`i GB fvlv Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| Avgiv wfbœ †`‡ki †jvK‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i gvZ…fvlvi
gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avgv‡`i GKwU fvlv cÖ‡qvRb hv mKj †`‡ki †jvK‡`i
Kv‡Q cwiwPZ| hLb Avgiv evB‡i hvB, Avgiv cÖevmx‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z Bs‡iwR
e¨envi Kwi| we‡`kx‡`i mv‡_ e¨emvwqK Avjvc Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR e¨envi Ki‡Z
nq| AvRKvj e¨emvqx‡`i Avš@R©vwZK m¤•K© eRvq ivL‡Z nq| ZvB Zviv Bs‡iwR fvlv
e¨envi K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z D”PZi cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR fvlv cÖ‡qvRb KviY D”PZi
†kÖwYi eB Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv nq| eZ©gvb weÁv‡bi we¯§q Kw¤•DUvi Gi fvlv Bs‡iwR|
Bs‡iwR Rvbv bv _vK‡j Kw¤•DUvi Pvjbv m¤¢e bq| AwaKš@y, ˆe‡`wkK PvKwii †¶‡Î
Bs‡iwR cÖ‡qvRb| †hme †jvKRb Avš@R©vwZK m¤•K© i¶vq KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡`i Aek¨B Bs‡iwR
Rvb‡Z n‡e| WvKwcqb, wegvbevjv, †nv‡Uj Af¨_©bvKvix BZ¨vw` †ckvi gZ AviI A‡bK
†ckv i‡q‡Q †hme †¶‡Î Bs‡iwR Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb| m‡e©vcwi, Bs‡iwR Avgv‡`i Rb¨ GKwU
Awe‡”Q`¨ I Acwinvh© fvlv| GwUi Dbœq‡bi mvaviY Dcvq nj cÖwZwU ¯‹zj I K‡j‡R
cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z Bs‡iwR cvV `vb|
Gender
discrimination is the practice of treating any gender of the society unfairly.
When any person of one particular gender is not given his or her rights, gender
discrimination begins. Female persons of our society are the worst (Pig Lvivc)
sufferers of this discrimination. It starts from the very birth of a female
child, and ends with her death. Our society is dominated by male people. They
think that male child will earn money for the family and female child will do
only domestic chores. So, male children always get prominence. they get the highest of the
opportunities (myweav)
available in the families. But, female children are assigned (Kg©vw`i `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv) to household
works and are married off as soon as possible. So, they don't get opportunity
to flourish their latent (myß) talent
(cÖwZfv). Some of these girls
may be at school but after marriage, they only give birth to children and rear
them up. This disparity (AmgZv) causes a great harm to their mentality. they think themselves inferior (wbæZi ev nxbZi) to male people. But, for
social development both male and female persons should contribute equally
because the female people are the half of our whole population. It is not
possible for male people to change the socio-economy without the help of female
people. This problem can be solved by raising awareness in general. (Words : 214)
wj½ ˆelg¨
mgv‡R †h‡Kv‡bv
wj‡½i cÖwZ A‡kvfb e¨env‡ii PP©vB n‡”Q wj½ ˆelg¨| hLb †Kvb wbw`©ó wj‡½i †jvK‡K
Zvi AwaKvi †`Iqv nq bv, ZLbB wj½ ˆelg¨ ïi“ nq| Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri bvixiv me‡P‡q
†ewk wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| GKRb †g‡q wkïi Rš§ †_‡KB GUv ïi“ nq Ges g„Zz¨i AvM
ch©š@ P‡j| Avgv‡`i mgvR n‡”Q cyi“l kvwmZ mgvR| Zviv fv‡e †h †Q‡j wkïiv cwiev‡ii
Rb¨ UvKv Avq Ki‡e Ges †g‡q wkïiv M„n¯’vwji KvR Ki‡e| ZvB †Q‡j wkï‡K me©`v
AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqv nq| Zviv cwiev‡ii m‡e©v”P my‡hvM-myweav cvq| wKš‘ †g‡q wkï‡K
M„n¯’vwji Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nq Ges hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e weevn †`Iqv nq| ZvB Zviv
Zv‡`i myß cÖwZfv‡K weKwkZ Kivi Rb¨ my‡hvM cvq bv| wKQy †g‡q‡`i‡K ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡bv
nq, wKš‘ weev‡ni c‡i Zviv ïay mš@vb Rš§ †`q Ges Zv‡`i‡K jvjb-cvjb K‡i| GB AmgZv
Zv‡`i gvbwmK Ae¯’vi e¨vcK ¶wZ K‡i| Zviv cyi“l‡`i Zzjbvq, wb‡R‡`i‡K nxbZi g‡b
K‡i| wKš‘ mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvix I cyi“l Dfq‡K mgvbfv‡e Ae`vb ivLv DwPZ KviY
bvixiv Avgv‡`i †gvU RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K| bvix‡`i mvnvh¨ Qvov Av_© mvgvwRK cwieZ©b
Kiv cyi“l‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| Avi Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wói gva¨‡g GB mgm¨vi
mgvavb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Female
education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or
less, half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female
uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. In our country about 7 crore
people are women out of 14 crore in total. But, most of the women are lagging (wcwQ‡q cov) far behind in education. The rate of female
literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy is alarming because without
their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Women need to be
educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be
an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to
lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated
women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. An
educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we
should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female
force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The
Govt. and NGOs should patronize (c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv) the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play
a vital role in the development of our country. (Words
: 211)
bvix wk¶v
GKwU
RvwZi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ bvix wk¶v LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| wKQy Kg ev †ewk †`‡ki cÖvq
A‡a©K RbmsL¨vB n‡”Q bvix| bvix‡`i‡K Awkw¶Z I †eKvi †i‡L †Kvb RvwZ DbœwZ jvf
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki 14 †KvwU †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖvq 7 †KvwU †jvK n‡”Q bvix|
wKš‘ AwaKvsk bvix wk¶v †_‡K A‡bK `–‡i i‡q‡Q| bvix mv¶iZvi nvi cÖvq kZKiv
wekfvM| bvix‡`i GB mv¶iZvi nvi fxwZKi KviY Zv‡`i wk¶v Qvov Avgv‡`i m‡š@vlRbK
Dbœqb Am¤¢e| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y bvix‡`i wkw¶Z nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| †`‡ki GKRb m‡PZb bvMwiK
n‡Z n‡j, cwievi Ges mgv‡Ri GKRb mwµq Kg©x n‡Z n‡j, GKRb fvj gv ev ¯¿x n‡Z n‡j
Ges AvÍwbf©ikxj fvj Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z PvB‡j GKRb bvix‡K mwVKfv‡e wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡e|
ZvQvov Awkw¶Z bvix‡`i Zzjbvq wkw¶Z bvix‡`i D”P Av‡qi ¶gZv _v‡K| GKRb wkw¶Z bvix
Zvi KZ©e¨, AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ m¤•‡K© m‡PZb _v‡K| ZvB bvix‡`i‡K wkw¶Z Kivi cwi‡ek
wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| wcZvgvZv‡`i‡K
Zv‡`i Kb¨v mš@vb‡`i we`¨vj‡q cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| bvix‡`i wk¶vi Rb¨
miKvi I GbwRI My‡jv‡K c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv DwPZ hv‡Z Zviv wkw¶Z n‡Z cv‡i Ges Avgv‡`i
†`‡ki Dbœq‡b Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Earthquake is one of the
most common natural calamities on earth. Earthquake is an abrupt (AvKw¯§K)
movement of a part of the Earth's surface caused by deep crack in the Earth or
by volcanic (Av‡Mœq) eruption (AMœ~¨rcvZ). It causes great disaster. Bangladesh is in the
active earthquake area. Now, it is frequently (NbNb) felt in Bangladesh. But the people of our country are not conscious enough about the gravity (AwfKl©) of this dangerous natural calamity. Most of the buildings of our
country will be destroyed if they are not built in accordance with an
earthquake resistant (cÖwZ‡ivaK) standard.
A group of experts opine that the repetition of quakes in recent years should
be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another group of experts believe
that the concern should not be amplified (ewa©Z Kiv), because there are a number of fault lines in the geographical area
comprising Bangladesh. But none of them is active enough to pose a major
threat. So, in order to protect us from this impending (Avmbœ) danger, we must be conscious about the causes and results of
earthquake. We should not build house without the advice of expert. The
Government should take steps for this disaster. The Government should develop
earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as
mandatory. (Words : 207)
f‚wgK¤•
f‚wgK¤•
n‡”Q c„w_ex‡Z GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM| c„w_exi Mfx‡i wkjv ev
Av‡MœqwMwii AMœ~rcv‡Zi gva¨‡g c„w_ex c„‡ôi †Kv‡bv As‡ki AvKw¯§K bovPov‡K
f‚wgK¤• e‡j| GUv e¨vcK ¶wZ mvab K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`k f‚wgK¤• cÖeY GjvKvq Aew¯’Z|
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k GUv cÖvqB Abyf‚Z nq| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki †jv‡Kiv GB ¶wZKi
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi AwfKl© m¤•‡K© h‡_ó m‡PZb bq| evsjv‡`‡ki `vjvbMy‡jv hw`
f‚wgK¤• cÖwZ‡ivaK bxwZgvjv bv †g‡b ˆZwi Kiv nq Zvn‡j †`‡ki AwaKvsk `vjvb aŸsm
n‡q hv‡e| GK`j we‡klÁ gZ w`‡q‡Qb †h, mv¤•ÖwZK eQiMy‡jvi Nb Nb f‚wgK¤• eo ai‡bi
f‚wgK‡¤•i Rb¨ mZK© evZ©v wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| Ab¨ GK`j we‡klÁ wek¦vm K‡ib †h
`ywðš@v e„w× Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY evsjv‡`‡ki wKQy †fŠ‡MvwjK ΓwUc–Y© ¯’vb _vK‡jI
†KvbwUB eo ai‡bi ûgwK m„wó Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| ZvB GB Avmbœ wec` †_‡K Avgv‡`i‡K
i¶v Kivi Rb¨ f‚wgK‡¤•i KviY I djvdj m¤•‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| we‡klÁ‡`i Dc‡`k Qvov
Avgv‡`i †Kv‡bv `vjvb ˆZwi Kiv DwPZ bq| GB `y‡h©v‡Mi Rb¨ miKvi‡K c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e|
miKvi‡K f‚wgK¤• cÖwZ‡iva bxwZgvjvi Dbœqb Kiv DwPZ hv mKj `vjv‡bi †g‡b Pjv
eva¨Zvg–jK n‡e|
Computer is a wonderful invention of modern science. It
is a complex electronic machine that consists of innumerable ingredients. Now
there are normally two types of computer. They are desktop and laptop. Desktop
is more common and popular than the laptop which is rather expensive. Any
computer has two parts. They are hardware and software. The mechanical and
electronic parts are called hardware. Software refers to the data or programmes
that we use to serve our purposes. A computer consists of five major components–the input unit, the memory unit, the control unit, the
arithmetic unit and the output unit. The memory unit, the control unit and the
arithmetic unit constitute central processing unit. However, every computer has
its machine language to give instruction for operation. This language may vary
from machine to machine. Anyway, computer, nowadays, has become inseparable (Awe‡”Q`¨) from our daily life. This modern machine is being used almost in every
sector of human activities. Scientists are using it for carrying out research
activities. Doctors are using it for diagnosis. The use of computer has changed
the entire banking system. Even this machine is being used in education and
agriculture sector. Thus computer is now contributing to the advancement of
life and building up of new potentialities in science and technology. (Words : 213)
Kw¤•DUvi
Kw¤•DUvi
AvaywbK weÁv‡bi GK we¯§qKi Avwe®‹vi| GwU GKwU RwUj B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ hv AmsL¨
Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ| eZ©gv‡b mvaviYfv‡e `yB ai‡bi Kw¤•DUvi i‡q‡Q| †mMy‡jv n‡jv
j¨vcUc I †W¯‹Uc| †W¯‹Uc j¨vcU‡ci †P‡q †ewk cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq eis j¨vcUcB e¨qeûj|
†h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤•DUv‡ii `ywU Ask i‡q‡Q| †mMy‡jv n‡jv nvW©Iq¨vi I mdUIq¨vi| hvwš¿K
Ges B‡jKUªwbK AskMy‡jv‡K nvW©Iq¨vi e‡j| mdUIq¨vi ej‡Z †evSvq †m mKj Z_¨ I
DcvˇK hv Avgv‡`i KvR Ki‡Z Avgiv e¨envi Kwi| GKwU Kw¤•DUvi cuvPwU cÖavb
Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZÑ BbcyU BDwbU, †g‡gvwi BDwbU, K‡›Uªvj BDwbU, exRMvwYwZK
BDwbU Ges AvDUcyU BDwbU| †g‡gvwi BDwbU, K‡›Uªvj BDwbU Ges exRMvwYwZK BDwbU wb‡q
†m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms BDwbU MwVZ| hv †nvK mKj Kw¤•DUv‡ii wµqv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨
wb‡`©kbv †`Iqvi wbR¯^ †gwk‡bi fvlv i‡q‡Q| †gwkb †_‡K †gwk‡b GB fvlvi wfbœZv
i‡q‡Q| hv †nvK, Kw¤•DUvi, eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask n‡q
`uvwo‡q‡Q| GB AvaywbK hš¿wU gvbe Kvh©vewji cÖvq mKj †¶‡Î e¨eüZ n‡”Q| weÁvbxiv
D™¢vebx Kv‡R GwU e¨envi Ki‡Q| Wv³viiv †ivM mbv³KiY Kv‡R GwU e¨envi Ki‡Q|
Kw¤•DUvi e¨envi mgMÖ e¨vswKs c×wZ‡K cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| GgbwK GB hš¿ wk¶v Ges K…wl‡¶‡Î
e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e eZ©gv‡b Kw¤•DUvi Rxe‡bi AMÖMwZ‡Z Ges weÁvb I cÖhyw³‡Z
bZzb m¤¢vebv ˆZwi‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
Celebration of Pahela Baishakh
Culture
is the way we lead our life. Every nation has a culture of its own. Pahela
Baishakh, the first day of Bangla New Year is a part and parcel of Bengali
culture. It is celebrated throughout the country with great festivity and
fervour. The day's first programme begins at Ramna Batamul. Wearing punjabi and
pajama people of different ages and classes attend the programme. Chhayanat, a
cultural organization performs there. They sing in chorus (`jxq Mvb) welcoming the
Bangla New Year. A procession is brought out carrying festoons, posters,
banners, placards. The participants dance and sing wearing masks. The Shilpakala
Academy, Jatiya Press Club and many other socio-cultural organizations arrange
cultural and discussion programmes. Bangladesh television and Bangladesh Betar
telecast live programmes. The national dailies bring out special supplements
highlighting the significance of the day. The traders and businessmen open
halkhata and entertain the customers with sweets. People roam around different
areas. They eat special foods and enjoy carnivals. A remarkable arrangement on
this day is the colourful procession known as 'Mangal-shovajatra' by the
students of the Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University. Thus goes the day
amidst (g‡a¨; gvSLv‡b) the flow of
joy everywhere. In fact, the celebration of Pahela Baishakh reminds us of our
cultural heritage that we are going to lose. (Words : 212)
c‡njv ˆekvL D`&hvcb
Avgiv
†hfv‡e Rxeb cwiPvjbv Kwi ZvB n‡”Q ms¯‹…wZ| cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZiB Zvi wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ
i‡q‡Q| evsjv bZzb eQ‡ii cÖ_g w`b c‡njv ˆekvL evsjv ms¯‹…wZi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask|
e¨vcK Drme I DÏxcbvi gva¨‡g GUv mviv †`‡k cvwjZ nq| w`‡bi cÖ_g Kg©m–Px ïi“ nq
igbvi eUg–‡j| wewfbœ eqm I †kÖYxi gvbyl cvÄvwe I cvRvgv cwiavb K‡i Kg©m–wP‡Z
AskMÖnY K‡i| mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb QvqvbU †mLv‡b w`bwU cvjb K‡i| Zviv evsjv beel©‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q `jxqfv‡e Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡i|
†d÷zb, †cv÷vi, e¨vbvi Ges cvKvW© wb‡q GKwU †kvfvhvÎv †ei nq| AskMÖnYKvixiv
gy‡Lvk c‡i Mvb Mvq I bvP cwi‡ekb K‡i| wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, RvZxq †cÖm K¬ve Ges AviI
A‡bK mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK msMVbMy‡jv mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb I Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i|
evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb I evsjv‡`k †eZvi mivmwi †cÖvMÖvgMy‡jv m¤•ÖPvi K‡i| w`bwUi
Myi“Z¡ m¤•‡K© RvZxq ˆ`wbKMy‡jv we‡kl †µvocÎ †ei K‡i| e¨emvqxiv nvjLvZv Ly‡j Ges
Zv‡`i †µZv‡`i‡K wgwó gyL Kivq| †jvKRb wewfbœ GjvKvq Ny‡i †eovq| Zviv we‡kl
Lvevi Lvq Avi †gjv Dc‡fvM K‡i| Gw`‡bi D‡jÐL‡hvM¨ Av‡qvRb n‡”Q XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Pvi“Kjv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wk¶v_©x‡`i ewY©j †kvfvhvÎv hv Òg½j-†kvfvhvÎvÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Gfv‡e me©ÎB Avb‡›`i gva¨‡g w`bwU P‡j hvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶, c‡njv ˆekv‡Li D`hvcb
Avgv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡n¨i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q hv Avgiv nviv‡Z hvw”Q|
My
Country/Bangladesh/Homeland
Bangladesh
lies on the shore of the Bay of Bengal in the South of Asia. India surrounds
the other three sides of this tiny country. She got her freedom once from
Britain in 1947 and next from Pakistan on 16th December, 1971. Dhaka is the
capital of this country. the
tropic of cancer and the 90° longitudinal line intersect
almost in the middle of the country. It is a temperate (bvwZkx‡Zvò) country. there are six seasons in our
country-summer, rainy season, autumn, late autumn, winter and spring. the total land area of the country is
1,47,570 square kilometers and the land is plain and fertile. Bangladesh is a
land of rivers. The Padma, the Meghna, the Jamuna are the main rivers of our
country. The population of the country is about 140 million and the majority of
the population are farmers. Rice, jute, wheat, tea, sugar-cane etc. are our
main crops. besides these, various fruits like mangoes,
jackfruits, pine-apples, papaws, coconuts, orange, palms, guavas grow here. The
natural beauty is the main attraction of this country. cox's Bazar is known around the world for its silvery sandy
sea beach and Rangamati for its evergreen hills and lakes and special natural
sites worth seeing for the tourists. (Words : 206)
Avgvi †`k/evsjv‡`k
evsjv‡`k `w¶Y Gwkqvi e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK‚‡j Aew¯’Z| fviZ GB †QvU
†`kwUi Ab¨ wZbw`‡K Aew¯’Z| †m cÖ_gevi 1947 mv‡j weª‡U‡bi KvQ †_‡K Ges c‡i 1971
mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯@v‡bi KvQ †_‡K ¯^vaxb nq| XvKv G‡`‡ki ivRavbx| KK©Uµvwš@
I 90° `ªvwNgv †iLv G‡`‡ki ga¨
w`‡q AwZµg K‡i‡Q| GwU GKwU bvwZkx‡Zvò †`k| Avgv‡`i †`‡k QqwU FZz i‡q‡Q †hgb
MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngš@, kxZ I emš@| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †gvU AvqZb 1,47,570 eM© wK.
wg. Ges Gi f‚wg mgZj Ges De©i| evsjv‡`k b`xgvZ…K †`k| cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x| evsjv‡`‡k †jvKmsL¨v cÖvq 14 †KvwU Ges AwaKvsk †jvK K…lK|
avb, cvU, Mg, Pv, B¶z BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i cÖavb km¨| GQvov wewfbœ ai‡bi dj †hgb Avg,
KuvVvj, Avbvim, †cu‡c, bvi‡Kj, Kgjv, Zvj, †cqviv GLv‡b R‡š§| cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h©
G‡`‡ki cÖavb AvKl©Y| K·evRvi c„w_exe¨vcx Bnvi iƒcvjx evjyi ˆmK‡Zi Rb¨ Ges ivOvgvwU
Zvi wPi meyR cvnvo I n«` Ges we‡kl cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ hv ch©UK‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i Zvi Rb¨
weL¨vZ|
Price
hike or the increase of price of the daily essential commodities is the most
talked about issue at the present time. In our country it has become a usual
phenomenon now. The price of the daily commodities is soaring sky high to go
out of reach of the poor and the lower middle class people of our country.
There are a lot of causes behind this price hike. Hoarding of essential commodities
by the dishonest businessmen is one of the causes of price hike. Smuggling and
black marketing by traders and people in general are also important factors
causing price rise. Many dishonest men have earned huge black money through
black marketing. This has caused great suffering to the people. Shortage of
supply due to low production also accelerates the price hike of essential
goods. At present syndicate business has added to this plight. Due to inflation
price hike is more acute in our country. Government mechanism to curb price
hike is defective. Many poor villagers cannot afford to manage two square meals
a day. Very often they suffer from malnutrition and other diseases. Many even
die without getting proper medical treatment. Public awareness against illegal
hoarders of the daily necessaries, smugglers and black marketeers can remove
this curse from the country. (Words : 213)
g–j¨ e„w×
g–j¨
e„w× ev wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨vw`i g–j¨ e„w× AvR‡Ki w`‡bi me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ welq| GLb
Avgv‡`i †`‡k GwU GKwU mPivPi wel‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg
AvKvkPz¤^x n‡q Avgv‡`i †`‡ki `wi`ª I wbæga¨weË †kÖYxi gvby‡li bvMv‡ji evB‡i P‡j
hv‡”Q| G g–j¨ e„w×i cðv‡Z eû KviY i‡q‡Q| Amvay e¨emvqx‡`i Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i
weÁvcb `vb g–j¨ e„w×i Ab¨Zg KviY| e¨emvqx I mvaviY †jvK‡`i Øviv cY¨ cvPvi I
Kv‡jvevRvwiI g–j¨ e„w×i Myi“Z¡c–Y© wbqvgK| A‡bK Amr †jvK Kv‡jvevRvwii gva¨‡g
wecyj Kv‡jv UvKv DcvR©b K‡i‡Qb| GUv Rbmvavi‡Yi e¨vcK †fvMvwš@i KviY n‡q‡Q| ¯^í
Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y Kg mieiv‡ni Kvi‡YI cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i `vg `ª“ZMwZ‡Z e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b G `y‡h©v‡Mi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q wmwÛ‡KU e¨emv| gy`ªvùxwZi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i †`‡k g–j¨ e„w× AviI Zxeª|
g–j¨
e„w× mnbxq gvÎvq ivL‡Z miKv‡ii †KŠkj ΓwUc–Y©| A‡bK `wi`ª MÖvgevmx `yÕ†ejv
Lvevi †hvMv‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖvqB Zviv Acywó I Ab¨vb¨ †iv‡M †fv‡M| ch©vß wPwKrmv bv
†c‡q A‡b‡K gvivI hvq| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i weÁvcb`vZv, cvPviKvix I
Kv‡jvevRvix‡`i wei“‡× MYm‡PZbZv †`k †_‡K G Awfkvc `–i Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Good health refers to the
soundness of both mental and physical health. people
with good health are fit, active and free from diseases. Obviously, good health
is the root of all happiness. But, to maintain good health is not an easy task.
For keeping one's health good, one has to follow certain rules and discipline.
One has to take regular physical exercise, proper rest or sleep. Early rising
is essential for keeping health good. Balanced diet is the key word to
concentrate in this regard. Balanced diet is a diet that contains all kinds of
food value. But, it is a great regret (AbyZvc) that most of the people of our country live
below the poverty line and they do not get the food they need for good health.
Even the rich and the educated people are not conscious of the rules of good
health. they take a wide variety
of imbalanced food only for creating harm to their health. The complexities of
our day to day life have a bad impact on our health. they create frustration, hopelessness and many other mental
disorders. all these are
impediments (†h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜK) to mental peace and sound body. those complexities have to be avoided
because a simple and care-free life is conducive to good health. (Words : 210)
my¯^v¯’¨
my¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z †`n I gb Df‡qi cÖkvwš@‡K †evSvq| my¯^v¯’¨evb
†jvKRb †hvM¨, mwµq Ges †ivMgy³ nq| wbwðZfv‡e my¯^v¯’¨ mKj my‡Li
g–j| wKš‘, my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLv mnR KvR bq| my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wKQy
wbqg-bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| GRb¨ wbqwgZ kvixwiK e¨vqvg, Dchy³ wekÖvg I Nyg n‡Z n‡e|
mKvj mKvj Nyg †_‡K DVv my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ LyeB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| mylg Lv`¨ G‡¶‡Î LyeB
Myi“Z¡c–Y©| mylg Lv`¨ †mB Lv`¨ hvi g‡a¨ mKj Lv`¨ MyY Av‡Q| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq †h
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki AwaKvsk †jvKRb `vwi`ª¨ mxgvi bx‡P evm K‡i Ges my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ †h
Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb Zv Zviv cvq bv| GgbwK wkw¶Z I abxivI my¯^v‡¯’¨i wbqg Kvbyb m¤•‡K©
m‡PZb bq| Zviv wewfbœ iK‡gi A¯^v¯’¨Ki Lv`¨ Lvq hv ïay Zv‡`i ¶wZB K‡i| Avgv‡`i
ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi RwUjZv Avgv‡`i ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci weiƒc cÖfve †d‡j| GMy‡jv nZvkv,
AvkvnxbZv I AviI A‡bK gvbwmK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| Gme wKQy gvbwmK kvwš@ I
my¯^v‡¯’¨i cÖwZeÜK| Gme RwUjZv Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e KviY mnR I Sv‡gjvgy³ Rxeb
my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ DcKvix|
Trees
are the best friends of human on earth. When trees are cut indiscriminately (wbwe©Pv‡i) and
forests are destroyed massively (wekvjfv‡e), we
cause deforestation. People cut trees for various reasons. they need wood for building houses and
for making furniture. the ever
growing population needs more space to live and cultivate. So, people are
deforesting. Again the high price of wood makes people greedy to cut them. But
we must know that without trees no life is possible on earth. We take oxygen
from air and leave carbon-dioxide. Trees on the other hand, take carbon-dioxide
and leave oxygen. If there is no tree, there will be lack of oxygen in the air.
Trees help us to get adequate (ch©vß;
h‡_ó) rain. Raindrops help the plants to grow. If there is no tree, the land
will gradually turn into a desert. Trees help to preserve soil. where there are not adequate trees, the
soil of the land will be gone away during floods. besides, we get wood from trees. with this wood we make our furniture. So, we should avoid
cutting trees. And if we cut a tree for our need we should plant at least two
plants. We must be aware of growing more trees for ecological balance of our
country and the world as well. (Words : 212)
eb DRvo
MvQcvjv n‡”Q
c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li me‡P‡q DËg eÜz| hLb wbwe©Pv‡i MvQ KvUv nq Ges e¨vcKfv‡e MvQ
aŸsm Kiv nq ZLb ebwbab m„wó nq| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y gvbyl MvQcvjv Kv‡U| Zv‡`i Nievwo
ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Ges AvmevecÎ ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ KvV cÖ‡qvRb| µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi emevm I
Pvlvev` Kivi Rb¨ †ewk RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB gvbyl ebwbab Ki‡Q| Avevi Kv‡Vi
D”Pg–j¨ gvbyl‡`i‡K MvQ KvU‡Z †jvfx K‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ Avgiv Aek¨B Rvwb †h
MvQ Qvov c„w_ex‡Z †Kvb Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKv m¤¢e bq| Avgiv evZvm †_‡K Aw·‡Rb MÖnY
Kwi I Kve©b WvBA·vBW Z¨vM Kwi| Acic‡¶, MvQ cvjv Kve©b WvB-A·vBW MÖnY K‡i Ges
Aw·‡Rb Z¨vM K‡i| MvQ bv _vK‡j evZv‡m Aw·‡R‡bi NvUwZ n‡e| ch©vß e„wó †c‡Z MvQ
Avgv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| e„wócvZ PvivMvQ‡K evo‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| hw` †Kv_vI †Kvb
MvQcvjv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j f‚wgMy‡jv gi“f‚wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| MvQcvjv gvwU msi¶Y Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| †hLv‡b ch©vß MvQcvjv _v‡K bv, †mLv‡b eb¨vi mgq gvwU cvwb‡Z ay‡q
hv‡e| ZvQvov MvQcvjv †_‡K Avgiv KvV cvB| GB KvV w`‡q Avgiv AvmevecÎ ˆZwi Kwi|
ZvB Avgv‡`i‡K MvQcvjv KvUv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b
GKwU MvQ KvwU Avgv‡`i‡K Kgc‡¶ `ywU PvivMvQ †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB Avgv‡`i †`k I
we‡k¦i cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ AwaK MvQcvjv Rš§v‡bvi cÖwZ mZK© n‡Z n‡e|
The
21st February or,
International Mother Language Day
The 21st February
is the Language Martyrs' Day. On this very day in 1952, Barkat, Rafiq, Jabbar,
Shafiur and Salam sacrificed their lives for the honour and preservation of
their dear mother tongue, Bangla. On 17 November 1999, UNESCO declared this day
as International Mother Language Day. Now Ekushey February is being observed as
the International Mother Language Day all over the world. The then Pakistani
rulers wanted to make 'Urdu' as the state language of Pakistan by force. The
people of the then East Pakistan in general, and the students of Dhaka
University in particular, protested vigorously against the unjust and
autocratic decision of the government. The students violated section 144 and at
one stage, they were fired by the Pakistani army. Thus the heroic sons of the
soil laid down their invaluable lives with a view to pressing demand for
declaring Bangla as the state language of Pakistan. The Pakistani govt. at last
yielded to the demand and declared Bangla as the state language of Pakistan. In
commemoration of this tremendous sacrifice, and to make this historic day
memorable, eventually, the Central Shaheed Minar was constructed. As such, this
unforgettable Day has brought national pride, prestige and national integrity
for us. Indeed, the 21st February ultimately led to the struggle for
Independent Bangladesh. (Words : 215)
21 †k †deª“qvwi
A_ev, Avš@R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv
w`em
21†k †deª“qvwi fvlv knx` w`em| 1952 mv‡ji G w`‡b eiKZ, iwdK,
ReŸvi, kwdDi I mvjvg gvZ…fvlv evsjvi m¤§vb i¶v‡_© Zv‡`i Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb| 1999
mv‡ji 17B b‡f¤^i ÔBD‡b‡¯‹vÕ G w`bwU‡K ÔAvš@R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`emÕ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv
w`‡qwQj| GLb GKz‡k †deª“qvwi mviv we‡k¦ Avš@R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e
D`&hvwcZ nq| ZrKvjxb cvwK¯@vbx kvmK‡Mvôx †Rvic–e©K D`y©‡K cvwK¯@v‡bi
ivó«fvlv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| ZrKvjxb c–e© cvwK¯@v‡bi RbMY we‡kl K‡i XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv miKv‡ii G‡nb Ab¨vq Ges ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K wm×v‡š@i Zxeª cÖwZev`
Rvwb‡qwQj| QvÎiv 144 aviv j¸Nb K‡iwQj Ges GK mgq Zviv cvwK¯@vb †mbvevwnbx KZ…©K
Mywjwe× n‡qwQj| Gfv‡e †`kgvZ…Kvi exi mš@v‡biv evsjv‡K cvwK¯@v‡bi ivó«fvlv
†NvlYvi †Rvi `vwe‡Z Rxeb wemR©b w`‡qwQj| Ae‡k‡l cvwK¯@vb miKvi `vwe †g‡b wb‡q
evsjv‡K cvwK¯@v‡bi ivó«fvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i| cwiYwZ‡Z GB gnvb Av‡Ívrm‡M©i
¯§i‡Y Ges w`bwU‡K ¯§iYxq Ki‡Z knx` wgbvi ˆZwi n‡qwQj| ZvB G Awe¯§iYxq w`bwU
Avgv‡`i Rb¨ RvZxq AnsKvi, m¤§vb I RvZxq HK¨ wb‡q G‡m‡Q| e¯‘Zc‡¶, GKz‡k
†deª“qvwi cwi‡k‡l evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQj|
A
beggar is a person who begs
to others from door to door for his livelihood. He is usually an old, blind,
crippled or disabled person. He is found in torn or patched clothes. Begging is
unproductive. It does not produce anything. That is why, it is regarded as a
serious social problem. Most of our people dislike a beggar. The beggars do not
have any respect in the society. Begging creates a kind of low mindedness in a
beggar. Disableness like blindness, deafness (m¤•–Y©
ev AvswkK Kvjv) or some other disorders in
body are some reasons behind it. Besides, unemployment, divorce, low life
standard are some of the causes. There are some exceptions too. Sometimes, we
see some beggars who are neither blind nor disabled. They try to deceive the
common people by telling sad stories to get money from them. But there are some
old and disabled beggars who are really helpless. We should be sympathetic to those beggars who are
really helpless. Begging has a far reaching effect in our society. I think
poverty alleviation (Dckg), employment facilities, education, free
treatment for some diseases can remove this problem from society. Both
government and social activists should come forward to remove the problem from
the society. (Words : 205)
wf¶z‡Ki Rxeb
wf¶zK Ggb GKRb
e¨w³ †h RxweKvi Rb¨ A‡b¨i Øv‡i Øv‡i wf¶v K‡i| wZwb mvaviYZ GKRb e„×, AÜ, †Luvov
ev cÖwZeÜx e¨w³| Zv‡K †Quov ev †bvsiv †cvkv‡K †`Lv hvq| wf¶ve„wË Abyrcv`bkxj|
GwU wKQyB Drcv`b K‡i bv| GRb¨ GwU‡K gvivÍK mvgvwRK mgm¨v wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
Avgv‡`i AwaKvsk †jvKRbB wf¶zK‡K AcQ›` K‡i| mgv‡R wf¶zK‡`i †Kv‡bv m¤§vb †bB|
wf¶ve„wË wf¶zK‡`i g‡b GK ai‡bi nxbgb¨Zvi
m„wó K‡i| AÜZ¡, ewaiZv, †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨ A¶gZvi gZ A¶gZv Gi wKQy KviY| GQvov
†eKviZ¡, weevn we‡”Q`, bxPz Rxeb hvÎv AviI wKQy KviY| wKQy e¨wZµg †¶ÎI i‡q‡Q|
gv‡S gv‡S Avgiv Ggb wf¶zK †`wL hviv AÜI bq ev A¶gI bq| UvKv cvIqvi Rb¨ Zviv
Ki“Y Mí e‡j mvaviY gvbyl‡`i cÖZvwiZ Kivi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ wKQy e„× Ges A¶g wf¶zK
i‡q‡Q hviv mwZ¨B Amnvq| mwZ¨Kvi Amnvq wf¶zK‡`i cÖwZ Avgv‡`i mnvbyf‚wZkxj nIqv
DwPZ| mgv‡R wf¶ve„wËi A‡bK cÖfve i‡q‡Q| Avgvi g‡b nq `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, Kg©ms¯’vb
myweav, wk¶v, webvg–‡j¨ wPwKrmv mgvR †_‡K GB mgm¨v `–ixf‚Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKvi Ges
mgvRKg©x Df‡qi DwPZ mgvR †_‡K G mgm¨v gy‡Q †dj‡Z GwM‡q Avmv|
Load Shedding is an often-heard term nowadays in our
country. it means the suspension
of the supply of electricity for a certain period. There are various causes of
load-shedding. Insufficient production of electricity is one of them. The
government of Bangladesh cannot meet the increasing demand of electricity. There
are many people who misuse electricity in different ways, thus they create
shortage of it. Besides, illegal connection of electricity causes
load-shedding. Load shedding creates lots of problems in our daily life. Lack
of electricity means lack of production
in mills and factories. Fresh food kept in the refrigerator gets rotten. In hot
weather, the situation becomes worse. The surrounding of a locality becomes
ghostly during load shedding at night. Snatchers (wQbZvBKvix) become active and they rob people of their money and other goods. it also disturbs the study of students.
Actually, the economy of our country depends on electricity. Industrial
factories are difficult to run on without electricity. Load-shedding also
hampers agricultural production as power-pumps and other necessary mechanical
tools are run by it. So, people should be conscious about the misuse of it.
Illegal connection and system loss should be avoided. The government should
plan properly and take step to solve this problem. (Words : 203)
†jvW †kwWs
†jvW-†kwWs Avgv‡`i †`‡k GKwU mycwiwPZ aviYv| GwU GKwU wbw`©ó
mg‡qi Rb¨ we`y¨r ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ _vKv‡K †evSvq| †jvW-†kwWs Gi wewfbœ KviY i‡q‡Q|
Ach©vß we`y¨r Drcv`b GMy‡jvi GKwU| evsjv‡`k miKvi we`y¨‡Zi µgea©gvb Pvwn`v
†gUv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| wewfbœ †jvK wewfbœfv‡e GwUi Ace¨envi K‡i Ges Gfv‡e GwUi NvUwZ
m„wó K‡i| ZvQvov A‰ea we`y¨r ms‡hvM
†jvW-†kwWs NUvq| †jvW-†kwWs Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i|
we`y¨‡Zi NvUwZ KjKviLvbvi Drcv`‡bi NvUwZ‡K †evSvq| wd«‡R ivLv Lv`¨ cu‡P hvq|
Mi‡gi mgq Ae¯’v AviI Lvivc nq| iv‡Z †jvW-†kwWs‡qi Kvi‡Y Avkcv‡ki GjvKv f‚Zz‡o
GjvKvq cwiYZ nq| wQbZvBKvixiv Zrci nq Ges gvby‡li A_© I gvjvgvj wQwb‡q †bq| GwU
wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡kvbviI e¨vNvZ NUvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki A_©bxwZ we`y¨rkw³i
Dci wbf©i K‡i| we`y¨r Qvov wkí-KviLvbv Pvjv‡bv KwVb| †jvW †kwWs K…wlR cY¨
Drcv`b‡KI evavMÖ¯@ K‡i KviY cvIqvi-cv¤• I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿ Gi gva¨‡g P‡j|
ZvB †jvKRb‡K GwUi Ace¨envi m¤•‡K© m‡PZb nIqv DwPZ| A‰ea ms‡hvM I hvwš¿K ¶wZ
Gwo‡q Pjv DwPZ| miKv‡ii mwVK cwiKíbv Kiv DwPZ Ges GB mgm¨v mgvav‡b c`‡¶c †bIqv
DwPZ|
Changes
in the earth’s weather including changes in temperature, wind patterns and
rainfall refer to as climate change. Climate change is a long term change in
weather patterns over a long period of time. It is now a major global concern.
Greenhouse gases that include carbon dioxide, methane and CFC are the main
causes of this climate change. Our atmosphere which is guarded by an ozone
layer resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun causing greenhouse
effect. Climate change is the worst of all the problems that affect all the
flora and fauna of the environment. Bangladesh, being a low-lying land, may
become the worst victim of it. There are many plants and animals that are
vulnerable to climate change. The summer and rainy seasons are already
prolonging and winter is shrinking. The river banks are being eroded and crop
land is being reduced. Besides, saline water is intruding into the rivers in
the coastal areas resulting in damage to farm lands. Moreover, floods, droughts
and other disasters hit the country more frequently nowadays. Over the past century, sea level has risen by
10 to 20 centimetres as a result of global warming. The Sundarbans, world’s
largest mangrove forest is also at severe risk. All these lead to more landless
people and climate refugees in the country. (Words : 219)
Rjevqy
cwieZ©b
ZvcgvÎv, evqyi MwZcÖK…wZ I e„wócv‡Zi cwieZ©bmn c„w_exi AvenvIqvi
cwieZ©b‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ejv nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©b n‡”Q AvenvIqvi MwZ cÖK…wZi
`xN©¯’vqx cwieZ©b| GwU GLb wek¦ Ry‡o `ywðš@vi GK cÖavb welq| Kve©b WvBA·vBW,
wg‡_b I wmGdwm aviY Kiv wMÖbnvDR M¨vm Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi g–j KviY| GKwU I‡Rvb ¯@i
Øviv cÖwZi¶v cÖvß Avgv‡`i evqygÊj m–h© †_‡K Avmv AwZ †eMybx iwk¥i cÖ‡ek‡K
cÖwZ‡iva K‡i Avi GUvB wMÖbnvDm cÖfve m„wó K‡i| Gme mgm¨vi g‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b
me‡P‡q Lvivc KviY Zv cwi‡e‡ki mKj MvQcvjv I ckycvwLi Dci weiƒc cÖfve m„wó K‡i|
wbæf‚wg evsjv‡`k Gi Ki“YZg wkKv‡i cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| eû MvQcvjv I cÖvYx Av‡Q
†hMy‡jv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kv‡Q Amnvq| B‡Zvg‡a¨B MÖx®§ I el©vKvj cÖjw¤^Z n‡”Q Ges
kxZKvj msKzwPZ n‡”Q| b`xZxi ¶qcÖvß n‡”Q Ges Pv‡li Rwg K‡g hv‡”Q| cvkvcvwk,
b`xMy‡jv‡Z †jvbv cvwb wgwkÖZ n‡q K…wlRwgi ¶q¶wZi KviY n‡”Q| Zvi Ici, †`k GLb
AviI Nb Nb eb¨v, Liv I Ab¨vb¨ `y‡h©vM Øviv cxwoZ nq| MZ kZvãx‡Z ˆewk¦K DòZv
e„w×i Kvi‡Y mgy`ªmxgv 10 †_‡K 20 †mw›UwgUvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i me©e„nr
g¨vb‡MÖvf eb my›`ieb I e¨vcK SuywK‡Z Av‡Q| Gme †`‡k AviI f‚wgnxb †jvK I
RjevqyMZ DØv¯‘i msL¨v evwo‡q Zzj‡Q|
Nowadays
book fairs are well-known to most of the
people both in villages and towns. A book fair is a display of a great
stock of books of various interests. Every year many book fairs are held in
different places of our country. In the national days such as 21st February,
16th December, 26th March and also in the new year book fairs are arranged. the two main book fairs held in our
country are the Ekushey Boi mela
and the Dhaka Boi Mela. A book fair is very much popular. Readers can purchase
their desired books. Authors also meet their favourite readers. This year I
visited the book fair arranged by the Bangla Academy on 21st February. Everywhere there was a festive look. various publication companies hire stalls. many types of necessary articles are
found there. all kinds of books
such as drama, novel, poetry, adventure, biography, translation are usually
found. New writers often arrange discussion programmes on their new books.
Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in such a fair. Actually, books
are the best companions and a book fair
only gives us opportunities to seek books from a great collection. if we can arrange a disciplined book
fair, the fair will be successful. (Words : 207)
eB‡gjv
eZ©gv‡b
eB‡gjv MÖvg I kni Dfq GjvKvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q mycwiwPZ| eB‡gjv nj wewfbœ ai‡bi I
wewfbœ †KŠZ‚njmg„× eB‡qi cÖ`k©bx| cÖwZeQi Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b eB‡gjv
AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| RvZxq w`emMy‡jv‡Z †hgb 21
†deª“qvwi, 16 wW‡m¤^i, 26 gvP© Ges bee‡l©i w`‡b eB‡gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k AbywôZ `ywU cÖavb eB‡gjv nj GKz‡k eB‡gjv I XvKv eB‡gjv| eB‡gjv
LyeB RbwcÖq| cvVKiv Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i eB wKb‡Z cv‡i| †jLKivI Zv‡`i wcÖq cvVK‡`i mv‡_
mv¶vr Ki‡Z cv‡i| G eQi evsjv GKv‡Wwg KZ…©K Av‡qvwRZ 21 †deª“qvwi eB‡gjv Avwg
ågY K‡iwQ| †mLv‡b me©Î DrmegyLi cwi‡ek wQj| wewfbœ cÖKvkbx †Kv¤•vwb †`vKvb fvov
K‡iwQj| wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq iPbv †mLv‡b cvIqv hvq| †mLv‡b mKj ai‡bi eB †hgb bvUK,
Dcb¨vm, KweZv, Awfhvb, Rxebx, Abyev` BZ¨vw` eB cvIqv hvq| bZzb †jLKiv Zv‡`i eB
m¤•‡K© Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| eB‡gjvq †mwgbvi I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡biI Av‡qvRb
Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ eB Avgv‡`i me©‡kÖô eÜz Ges eB †gjv Avgv‡`i wewfbœ ai‡bi eB
msMÖ‡ni my‡hvM `vb K‡i| hw` Avgiv myk„¸Lj eB‡gjv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j eB‡gjv
mdj n‡e|
Culture
means the established customs and beliefs, art, ways of life etc of a
particular society or of a country. The culture of a nation reflects its ideas,
attitudes and social condition. The elements of culture are its own language,
thoughts about the bad and good, ways of working. They also include its
literature, music, games and sports, the means and objects made and used by the
people in that society. A human being is the most important element of a
society. We can study a person by observing his frequent activities. In the
same way we can study a society by observing the remarkable ways and modes of
life of that particular society. There are various societies in the world and
so there are different cultures. A traditional and established mode of belief
and behaviour in one culture may prove unsuitable in another culture. The modes
of behaviour in Asian societies are often conservative. But in western countries
they are much frank and relaxed. Cultures vary from one society to another. Our
music has notable distinction; while western music mainly relies on
instruments. When the cultural traits of some country have a remarkable impact
on the culture of a foreign country, it is called cultural assault. Now our
culture is being westernized in many ways; our literature, music, painting and
even our life-style are gradually changing. (Words : 227)
ms¯‹…wZ
ms¯‹…wZ gv‡b
n‡”Q GKwU wbw`©ó mgvR A_ev GKwU †`‡ki cÖwZwôZ cÖ_v Ges wek¦vm, wkí, Rxeb cÖYvjx
BZ¨vw`| GKwU †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ Zvi aviYv, `„wófw½ Ges mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
ms¯‹…wZi Dcv`vbMy‡jv n‡”Q Zvi wbR¯^ fvlv, fv‡jv I g›` m¤•‡K© aviYv, Kv‡Ri c×wZ|
mvwnZ¨, m½xZ, †Ljva–jv, ixwZbxwZ Ges e¯‘mg–n hv mgv‡Ri †jv‡Kiv e¨envi K‡i Gm‡ei
Aš@fz©³| gvbyl mgv‡Ri GKwU Myi“Z¦c–Y© Dcv`vb| Avgiv GKRb e¨w³‡K g–j¨vqb Kwi Zvi
cÖvqkt KvRKg© ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| GKBfv‡e Avgiv GKwU mgvR‡K g–j¨vqb Kwi Zvi Rxeb
cÖYvjx Ges D‡jL‡hvM¨ bxwZmg–n ch©‡e¶Y K‡i| c„w_ex‡Z wewfbœ mgvR †hgb i‡q‡Q,
†Zgwb wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZI i‡q‡Q| GKwU ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cÖPwjZ Ges cÖwZwôZ wek¦vm Ges
AvPiYwewa Ab¨ ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Abyc‡hvMx cÖgvwYZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gwkqvi mvgvwRK AvPiY
i¶Ykxj| wKš@y cvðv‡Z¨i †`kMy‡jv‡Z GMy‡jv A‡bK AKcU I ms¯‹vigy³| mgvR‡f‡`
ms¯‹…wZ wfbœ nq| Avgv‡`i m½x‡Zi D‡jL‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b cwðgv m½xZ
g–jZ: ev`¨h‡š¿i Dci wbf©ikxj| hLb †Kv‡bv †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Ab¨ †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZi
D‡jL‡hvM¨ cÖfve c‡o, ZLb Zv‡K mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb e‡j| Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ GLb
wewfbœfv‡e cvðvZ¨KiY n‡”Q; Avgv‡`i mvwnZ¨, m½xZ, wPÎKg© GgbwK Avgv‡`i RxebavivI
µgvš^‡q cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q|
Natural
Hazards/Natural Calamities
Natural
hajards/calamities pose a great threat to the ecological balance of a country.
Natural calamities such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes and erosion etc. are
very dangerous by nature. Bangladesh is called a land of natural calamities. It
is becoming more and more harmful these days. Nowadays it can be very ruinous (¶wZMÖ¯@) to make
millions of people its victims in a second. Fires, droughts, earthquakes,
violent storm, flood, river erosion are the most common natural calamities.
Every year cyclone destroys our lives and properties, floods take away all
things to the river and sea, earthquakes destroy our lives and homes. Cold
winter, mist storm impede (e¨vnZ Kiv ev evav †`Iqv) our normal works of everyday life and sometimes
destroy man. this is not all,
nature is also losing its balance for ever increasing heat created from carbon
dioxide. So, greenhouse effect is swelling (ùxZ Kiv) the normal level of sea water. After any natural
disaster, people who become shelterless have to depend on the relief and
charity of other people. Actually, we become miserable in any calamities. We
cannot resist (†iva
Kiv)
them. We can only take some steps to lessen the misery of the victims. We can
create consciousness among people and train them how to protect them from the
grim and grave natural hazards. (Words : 217)
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM
cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM GKwU †`‡ki ev¯@e¨we`¨vmsµvš@ fvimv‡g¨i
cÖwZ weivU ûgwK ¯^iƒc| eb¨v, NywY©So, f‚wgK¤• Ges ¶qmva‡bi gZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM
cÖK…wZMZfv‡e Lye fqsKi/wec¾bK| evsjv‡`k‡K cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi †`k ejv nq| GwU
eZ©gv‡b AviI ¶wZKi n‡q D‡V‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GwU GK †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ j¶ j¶ gvbyl‡K aŸs‡mi
wkKv‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| AMœyrcvZ, Liv, f‚wgK¤•, cÖPÊ So, eb¨v, b`x fv½b BZ¨vw` cÖavb cÖvK…wZK
`y‡h©vM| cÖwZeQi N–wY©So Avgv‡`i Rxeb I m¤•` aŸsm K‡i †`q, eb¨v mewKQy‡K b`x I
mvM‡ii MnŸ‡i wb‡q hvq, f‚wgK¤• Avgv‡`i Rxeb, evwoNi aŸsm K‡i| kxZj kxZ, Av`ª©
So Avgv‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi ¯^vfvweK Rxeb evavMÖ¯@ K‡i Ges gv‡S gv‡S gvbyl‡K aŸsm K‡i|
GwUB †kl bq, Kve©b-WvB A·vBW n‡Z DËvc e„w×i Kvi‡Y cÖK…wZI Gi fvimvg¨ nviv‡”Q|
myZivs MÖxbnvDR cÖfve mgy‡`ªi ¯^vfvweK Rjmxgv ùxZ K‡i Zzj‡Q| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvK…wZK
`y‡h©v‡Mi ci †hme †jvKRb AvkÖqnxb n‡q c‡o Zv‡`i‡K A‡b¨i Îvb I `vbkxjZvi Dci
wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †h‡Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡M Avgiv †kvPbxq n‡q cwo| Avgiv GMy‡jv
†iva Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avgiv ïaygvÎ Avµvš@ gvby‡li `ytL Kgv‡Z cvwi| Avgiv †jvKR‡bi
gv‡S m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z cvwi Ges Kxfv‡e cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvIqv
hvq Zv cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z cvwi|
Satellite
TV Channels : A Source of Cultural Interaction
Satellite TV is one of the greatest achievements of
modern science. Now, it is regarded as the medium of information,
entertainment, telecast, education and many others. It can telecast any
programme live from the remotest (`–ieZx©) part of the world. With
the help of satellite, world has turned into a global village. Satellite TV has
added a new dimension (gvÎv) to our oriental life
providing many programmes through different channels. It's not only a good
medium of recreation but also a source of educational knowledge. Different
channels telecast various educative dramas, movies, sports, cultural functions,
news and documentaries. It brings us the information regarding states,
economics, politics, anthropology, geography, science, literature, archaeology
and the art and culture of every country of the world. But, on the other hand,
many people especially young generations are getting hampered and we all are
now forgetting our own customs, traditions, music and culture. Very often
obscene (AkÐxj) pictures and vulgar movies and programmes are shown
in various satellite channels. Young generations are becoming more and more
addicted to them. Moreover, most of us want to follow the dress pattern,
hairstyle, behaviour, music and nudity of the westerners. This mentality is
leading our young generations to moral degradation (gh©v`vnvwb; c` åóZv). So, we all should be conscious of that. (Words
: 222)
m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf P¨v‡bj : mvs¯‹…wZK
wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi GKwU Drm
m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf n‡”Q AvaywbK weÁv‡bi
GK eo AR©b| GLb GUv‡K Z_¨, we‡bv`b, m¤•ÖPvi, wk¶v Ges AviI A‡bK wKQyi gva¨g
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| GUv we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv `–ieZ©x AÂj †_‡K mivmwi †cÖvMÖvg m¤•ÖPvi
Ki‡Z cv‡i| m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ c„w_exUv ˆewk¦K MÖv‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| m¨v‡UjvBU
wUwf wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g A‡bK †cÖvMÖvg cÖPvi K‡i Avgv‡`i cÖvP¨ Rxe‡bi mv‡_
GKUv bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q| GUv ïay we‡bv`‡biB fv‡jv gva¨g bq, wk¶vMZ Áv‡bi DrmI
e‡U| wewfbœ ai‡bi P¨v‡bj wewfbœ cÖKvi wk¶vg–jK bvUK, QvqvQwe, †Ljvayjv,
mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb, msev` I Z_¨-DcvË m¤•ÖPvi K‡i _v‡K| GUv Avgv‡`i‡K ivó«, A_©bxwZ,
ivRbxwZ, b„ZZ¡ weÁvb, f‚‡Mvj, weÁvb, mvwnZ¨, cÖZœwe`¨v Ges we‡k¦i cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki
wkíKg© I ms¯‹…wZi Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ Acic‡¶, A‡bK †jvK we‡kl K‡i hyeK †jv‡Kiv
¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡”Q Ges Avgiv mevB Avgv‡`i ixwZ-bxwZ, HwZn¨, msMxZ Ges ms¯‹…wZ fz‡j
hvw”Q| cÖvqB wewfbœ m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡b‡j Akxj Qwe Ges AgvwR©Z QvqvQwe I Kg©m–Px
†`Lv‡bv nq| hyeK m¤•Ö`vq Zv‡`i cÖwZ †ewk Avm³ n‡q co‡Q| AwaKš‘, Avgv‡`i g‡a¨
AwaKvsk †jvK Zv‡`i †cvkv‡Ki aib, Pz‡ji aib, AvPvi-AvPiY, msMxZ cvðvZ¨‡`i bMœZv
AbymiY Ki‡Z Pvq| GB gvbwmKZv Avgv‡`i hyeK m¤•Ö`vq‡K ˆbwZK AatcZ‡bi w`‡K avweZ
Ki‡Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i mevB‡K GUv m¤•‡K© mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e|
Pollution is the process of
making the element of environment dirty. The elements of environment such as
water, air, soil etc are getting polluted every day. Of all the pollutions, water pollution is the
most threatening to our life. Water, a vital element of the environment, is
also polluted in different ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it.
Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain
and floods wash away some of these chemicals get mixed with water in rivers,
canals and ponds. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and
waste products into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water. Water
vehicles also pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and human waste into
them. Insanitary latrines and unsafe drains standing on river and canal banks
are also responsible for further pollution. Furthermore, Kutcha drains running
into the canals and rivers cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use
but polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many
ways. We suffer from cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery and many other water-borne
diseases when we drink polluted water. We should refrain from throwing waste
and filth into water to minimize water pollution. However, it is important to
note that water is life, but polluted water causes death. (Words : 218)
cvwb `–lY
`–lY
Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vbMy‡jv‡K †bvsiv K‡i †`q| cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb †hgb- cvwb, evZvm, gvwU BZ¨vw` cÖwZw`b `–wlZ n‡”Q| mKj `–l‡Yi g‡a¨ cvwb `–lY Avgv‡`i
Rxe‡b me‡P‡q fqsKi| cwi‡e‡ki GKwU Myi“Z¡c–Y© Dcv`vb cvwb wewfbœfv‡e `–wlZ n‡”Q|
gvbyl cvwb‡Z gqjv-AveR©bv wb‡¶c K‡i GUv‡K `–wlZ K‡i| K…l‡Kiv Zv‡`i dm‡ji gv‡V
ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨envi K‡i| hLb e„wói cvwb ev eb¨v G‡`i wKQy Dcv`vb‡K
ay‡q wb‡q hvq, †mMy‡jv b`x, Lvj I cyKz‡ii cvwb‡Z wM‡q wg‡k| KjKviLvbvMy‡jvI
Zv‡`i welv³ ivmvqwbK c`v_© I eR©¨ c`v_© b`x I Lv‡ji cvwb‡Z †d‡j w`‡”Q Avi Gfv‡e
cvwb `–wlZ n‡”Q| RjhvbMy‡jv ˆZj, Lvevi eR©¨ Ges gvbe eR©¨ cvwb‡Z †d‡j b`xi
cvwb‡K `–wlZ K‡i| A¯^v¯’¨Ki cvqLvbv Ges Awbivc` cqtwb®‹vkb hv b`x Ges Lv‡ji
Zx‡i Aew¯’Z †mMy‡jvI `–l‡Yi Rb¨ `vqx| AwaKš‘, Lvj I b`x‡Z cÖevngvb KvPv
bvjv/†Wªb cvwb `–lY NUvq, cwi®‹vi cvwb e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wbivc` wKš‘ `–wlZ cvwb
gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi| cvwb `–lY bvbvfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| `–wlZ cvwb cvb K‡i
Avgiv K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq Ges Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK cvwbevwnZ †iv‡M fz‡M _vwK| cvwb
`–lY Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ cvwb‡Z eR©¨ AveR©bv †djv †_‡K Avgv‡`i weiZ _vKv DwPZ| hv‡nvK,
D‡jL Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb †h, cvwb n‡”Q Rxeb, wKš‘ `–wlZ cvwb g„Zz¨ NUvq|
At present, globalization is an
often-heard term all over the world. globalization
is mainly connected with business, trade and international relations by
creating a borderless world. The world has now become a global village. with the development of hi-tech
communication, media and rapid transportation facilities, countries of the world
become families of the global village. But, in the name of help and
co-operation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting (†kvlY Kiv) the poorer
countries in many respects. they
are superimposing (Pvwc‡q †`Iqv) globalization
on the poorly educated and poorly trained labour force with poor system of
developing countries. The exploited and impoverished workers of the developing
countries are no match for a globally powerful capitalism. As a result, the gap
between wealth and poverty is ever widening. Besides, under the influence of globalization,
global cultures are steadily getting integrated (GKxf‚Z) with local cultures. It is feared that globalization will affect our
culture adversely by exposing it to foreign and by intruding many foreign
customs and beliefs in our culture. But, to make our world a better living
place we must ensure solidarity, peace and justice all over the world. Globalization
is a good concept which can bring happiness to every nation only when it can
ensure equity everywhere. (Words : 208)
wek¦vqb
eZ©gv‡b
wek¦vqb n‡”Q mviv we‡k¦ GKwU cwiwPZ kã| wek¦vqb cÖavbZ e¨emv, evwYR¨ I
Avš@R©vwZK m¤•‡K©i †¶‡Î mxgvnxb wek¦ m„wó Kivi mv‡_ m¤•„³| c„w_exUv GLb ˆewk¦K
MÖv‡g cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| D”PcÖhyw³i †hvMv‡hvMe¨e¯’v, wgwWqvi Dbœqb I `ª“Z cwienY
myweavi mv‡_ we‡k¦i †`kMy‡jv ˆewk¦K MÖv‡gi cwiev‡i cwiYZ nq| wKš‘ mvnvh¨ I
mn‡hvwMZvi bv‡g wk‡ívbœZ cuywRev`x †`kMy‡jv wewfbœ †¶‡Î `wi`ª †`kMy‡jv‡K †kvlY
Ki‡Q| Zviv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki wbægv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvq Aí wkw¶Z I Aí cÖwk¶YcÖvß kÖwgK‡`i
Dci wek¦vqb Pvwc‡q w`‡”Q| Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki †kvwlZ I `wi`ª kÖwgKiv we‡k¦i kw³kvjx
cuywRev‡`i mv‡_ Zvj wgjv‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j, m¤•` I `wi`ªZvi g‡a¨ e¨eavbUv AviI
†ewk n‡”Q| ZvQvov, wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e ¯’vbxq ms¯‹…wZ wek¦ ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ k³fv‡e
GKxf‚Z n‡”Q| fq n‡”Q †h we‡`wk ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ gy‡LvgywL n‡q Ges A‡bK we‡`wk
ixwZ-bxwZ I wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Aš@f©y³ n‡q Avgv‡`i †`kxq ms¯‹…wZ gvivÍKfv‡e cÖfvweZ
n‡e| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i wek¦‡K emev‡mi Rb¨ fv‡jv RvqMv wn‡m‡e M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡j mviv
we‡k¦ Avgv‡`i‡K GKvËZv, kvwš@ I b¨vq wePv‡ii wbðqZv mvab Ki‡Z n‡e| wek¦vqb n‡”Q
GKUv fv‡jv aviYv hv cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi Rb¨ kvwš@ wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i hLb me©ÎB mgZv wbwðZ
Kiv n‡e|
Dowry is an unexpected
custom in our society. Like other social evils, it is a curse. At present, it
is practised in both educated and uneducated families. Guardians buy
bridegrooms for their daughters by offering money, jewellery and furniture. Greed for money and wealth is the
main cause of dowry. Most of the bridegrooms think that it is their right to
have money and wealth when they marry because they have a negative attitude
towards women. Bridegrooms think that as they provide women with everything,
they must pay for the establishment of their husbands. this evil practice affects our society very much. It creates
panic in the mind of the guardians who have daughters yet to marry. very often in newspaper, we read about
untold torture women have to face for the non-payment of dowry. As a conscious
citizen, I greatly oppose this system. It should be eliminated (`–i Kiv) as soon as possible. We have to create
awareness among people about its bad effect in the society. Female persons
should be aware of their dignity and right. they
have to be educated and contribute to their family as much as possible. If this
is done, this social curse can be eliminated. (Words : 203)
†hŠZzK cÖ_v
†hŠZzK
Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri GKwU AcÖZ¨vwkZ cÖ_v| Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK cv‡ci gZ, GwU GKwU Awfkvc|
eZ©gvb wkw¶Z I Awkw¶Z Dfq cwiev‡iB GB cÖ_vi PP©v Kiv nq| AwffveKiv UvKv, Aj¼vi
I AvmevecÎ BZ¨vw`i †jvf †`wL‡q Zv‡`i Kb¨v‡`i Rb¨ ei ev cvÎ µq K‡i| A_© m¤•‡`i
†jvf †hŠZz‡Ki cÖavb KviY| AwaKvsk cvÎ g‡b K‡i †h we‡qi mgq UvKv †bIqv Zv‡`i
AwaKvi KviY gwnjv‡`i cÖwZ Zv‡`i fvebv †bwZevPK| cvÎiv g‡b K‡i †h Zviv †hgb
†g‡q‡`i mewKQyi fiY‡cvlY Ki‡Q †Zgwb Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZwôZ nevi Rb¨ UvKv †`Iqv DwPZ|
GB AccÖ_vi PP©v mgv‡Ri A‡bK ¶wZ K‡i| †hme Awffve‡Ki weevn‡hvM¨ Kb¨v Av‡Q GwU
Zv‡`i g‡b `ywðš@v m„wó
K‡i| cÖvqB Avgiv msev`c‡Î cwo †h, †hŠZzK bv w`‡Z cvivq †g‡q‡`i Dci AgvbweK
wbh©vZb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb m‡PZb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e Avwg GB cÖ_vi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Kwi|
hZ`ª“Z m¤¢e GwU wbg–©j Kiv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i‡K GwUi †bwZevPK w`KMy‡jv m¤•‡K© RbM‡Yi
g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| †g‡q‡`i‡K Zv‡`i m¤§vb I AwaKvi m¤•‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z
n‡e| Zv‡`i‡K wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡e Ges hZUzKz m¤¢e cwiev‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Z n‡e| GwU Ki‡Z
cvi‡j, GB mvgvwRK Awfkvc `–i Kiv hv‡e|
Gender equality means the
practice of treating any gender fairly. It is very important in every society
through the whole world. According to the United Nations, gender equality is
regarded the first and foremost human right. But in Bangladesh the condition of
gender equality is different. In our society we notice that female persons are
the worst sufferers of gender inequality. There are many barriers in our
country. From the birth of a male child, he gets the most facilities from the
society. On the contrary, from the very birth of a female child, gender
disparity starts and ends with her death. Our society is dominated by the
males. They think that male child will earn money for the family and female
child will do only domestic chores. So, male children are always welcomed.
There are many reasons for these barriers. The male dominated society is
responsible firstly. Then poverty, illiteracy, the disparity of attitude are
also responsible for gender inequality or barriers. Gender equality is
important for social development. It is not possible for male people to change
the socio-economy without gender equality. The old tradition should be changed.
Awareness among the general people and the government should be increased. All
should work hand in hand to develop our country. (Words : 211)
wj½ mgZv
wj½ mgZv ej‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv wj‡½i mv‡_ fv‡jv e¨envi‡K eySvq| GwU mviv
we‡k¦ cÖwZwU mgv‡RB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| RvwZmsN Abymv‡i wj½ mgZv‡K me‡P‡q Myi“Z¡c–Y©
gvbweK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k wj½ mgZvi Ae¯’v wfbœ| Avgv‡`i
mgv‡R Avgiv †`wL †h, bvixiv Pigfv‡e wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k A‡bK
evav i‡q‡Q| GKRb †Q‡j mš@vb Rš§ †_‡KB mgv‡Ri A‡bK my‡hvM-myweav MÖnY K‡i|
Acic‡¶, GKRb †g‡q mš@vb Rš§ †_‡KB wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq hv g„Zz¨i AvM ch©š@ Pj‡Z
_v‡K| Avgv‡`i mgvR n‡”Q cyi“l kvwmZ mgvR e¨e¯’v| Zviv wPš@v K‡i †h †Q‡j mš@vbiv
cwiev‡ii Rb¨ UvKv Avq Ki‡e Avi †g‡q mš@vbiv M„n¯’vwji KvR Ki‡e| ZvB †Q‡j
mš@vb‡`i me mgq ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv nq| GB evavMy‡jvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ cyi“l
kvwmZ mgvR Gi Rb¨ `vqx| Zvici `vwi`ª¨, wbi¶iZv, `„wófw½i AmgZvI wj½ ˆel‡g¨i Rb¨
`vqx| wj½ mgZv mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Lye Myi“Z¡c–Y©| wj½ mgZv Qvov cyi“l †jvK‡`i
c‡¶ mvgvwRK-A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| cyivZb ixwZ-bxwZ cwieZ©b Kiv DwPZ|
miKvi I mvaviY †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i †`k‡K DbœZ Kivi Rb¨
Avgv‡`i mevB‡K GK mv‡_ KvR Kiv DwPZ|
Eve teasing, often known as
"Sexual harassment", is a regular occurrence for the women and girls
of Bangladesh. It is a malpractice of male person and it is inserted upon a
female person physically and mentally with a bad intention in different ways.
So, if any male person intends to insult the modesty of any female, utters any
negative word, makes any sound or gesture or exhibits any object intending that
such word shall be heard, or that such gesture or object shall be seen by that
very woman is called eve teasing. Extremely restricted mentality and overly
conservative attitude on sexuality provoke eve teasing. Lack of education is
one of the causes of eve teasing. Lack of moral values and free exposure to
ultra modern fashion also cause eve teasing. There are also some impacts of eve
teasing. It increases girls' drop out rate from school. Girls who are teased
are also pushed into marriage before they are physically or mentally prepared.
Establishing human rights, empowering rural governance & ensuring gender
parity could be the effective tools for removing this social curse. Education
system must be modified in a way as to promote positive relationship between
girls and boys, especially at younger age. (Words : 204)
bvix
D˨³KiY
bvix‡`i
D˨³KiY hv Ò†hŠb nqivwbÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ, hv evsjv‡`‡ki bvix I †g‡q‡`i †¶‡Î GKwU
mPivPi NUbv| GUv n‡”Q cyi“l‡`i GKUv e` Af¨vm Ges GUv wewfbœfv‡e Lvivc wPš@v
gv_vq wb‡q kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e gwnjv‡`i Dci cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ZvB hw` †Kv‡bv cyi“l
†jvK †Kv‡bv bvixi kvjxbZv‡K Acgvb Kivi †Póv K‡i, †Kv‡bv †bwZevPK kã D”PviY K‡i,
†Kv‡bv kã ev A½fw½ m„wó K‡i A_ev †kvbv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv‡bv AvcwË cÖ`k©b K‡i A_ev
H A½fw½ ev AvcwË H bvix‡K †`Lv‡bv hvq, Zv‡K bvix D˨³KiY ejv nq| AZ¨š@ mxgve×
gvbwmKZv A_ev †hŠbZvi Dci gvÎvwZwi³ i¶YkxjZv bvix D˨³Zvq cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| wk¶vi
Afve bvix D˨³Zvi GKwU KviY| ˆbwZK
g–j¨‡ev‡ai Afve Ges AZ¨vaywbK d¨vkb RM‡Zi cÖwZ cÖej AvMÖn I bvix D˨‡³i KviY|
bvix D˨³Zvi wKQy cÖfveI i‡q‡Q| GwU †g‡q‡`i‡K we`¨vjq †_‡K S‡o covi msL¨v e„w×
K‡i| †h mKj †g‡q‡`i D˨³ Kiv nq, Zv‡`i‡K kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z nIqvi
c–‡e©B weev‡ni Rb¨ Pvc †`Iqv nq| bvix‡`i AwaKvi cÖwZôv, MÖvg miKvi e¨e¯’v
kw³kvjx Kiv Ges wj½ mgZv wbwðZ Kiv GB mvgvwRK Awfkvc `–i Kivi cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡Z
cv‡i| wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K Ggbfv‡e †X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Q‡j I †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU
BwZevPK m¤•K© M‡o I‡V, we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvi eq‡m|
Our
Liberation War/War of Independence
Liberation/Independence means freedom. So,
liberation war/war of independence means
the war which is fought for the freedom of a country from foreign domination. The
emergence of Bangladesh is a history of grief (†kvK) and pride. It came into being in 1971 after
a great war against the then Pakistani occupying (`L‡j ivLv) forces. After the British, they exploited us
economically, socially, politically and above all militarily. But, the heroes
of the soil did not tolerate their exploitation. They raised their arms and
compelled the occupying forces to leave the country. On March 26, the
liberation war started. In this war, thousands of people were killed in the
hands of the Pakistani force. The Mukti Bahini fought against them and resisted
(cÖwZnZ
Kiv) them in land, water and even by air
everywhere in Bangladesh. They fought for long nine months against the
Pakistanis and made a free country on 16 December, 1971. This is the fastest
victory against an occupying force in the world history. We celebrate our
liberation with fervour and enthusiasm (cÖej Drmv‡ni mv‡_). We show our respect bowing
down our heads in front of the National Memorial at Savar. We organise various
seminars, symposiums (mfv,
m‡¤§jb) and cultural functions to celebrate this day. (Words : 202)
Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv hy×
¯^vaxbZv gv‡b n‡”Q gyw³| ZvB ¯^vaxbZv hy× gv‡b Ggb GK hy× hv
†`k‡K we‡`wk AvwacZ¨ †_‡K gy³ Kivi hy× †evSvq| evsjv‡`‡ki Avwef©ve n‡”Q †kvK I
AnsKv‡ii GK BwZnvm| GwU 1971 mv‡ji cvwK¯@vbx `Lj`vi evwnbxi wei“‡× GK e¨vcK
hy‡×i gva¨‡g Rš§ jvf K‡i| weªwUkiv Avgv‡`i‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e, mvgvwRKfv‡e, ivR‰bwZKfv‡e
Ges m‡e©vcwi mvgwiKfv‡e †kvlY K‡iwQj| wKš‘ †`‡ki ex‡iiv Zv‡`i †kvlY‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb| Zviv Zv‡`i A¯¿ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q Ges `Lj`vi evwnbx‡K †`k Qvo‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q|
26†k gvP© ¯^vaxbZv hy× ïi“ n‡qwQj| †mB hy‡× cvKevwnbxi nv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi †jvK
gviv hvq| gyw³ evwnbxiv Zv‡`i wei“‡× hy× K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡`i‡K f‚wg, Rj Ges GgbwK
AvKvk c‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki me©ÎB cÖwZnZ K‡iwQj| Zviv cvwK¯@vbx evwnbxi wei“‡× `xN© bq
gvm hy× K‡i Ges 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i GKwU ¯^vaxb †`k MVb K‡i| GwU n‡”Q wek¦
BwZnv‡m GKwU `Lj`vix kw³i wei“‡× me‡P‡q `ª“ZZg ¯^vaxbZv| Avgiv cÖej Drmvn I
DÏxcbvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv‡K D`hvcb Kwi| Avgiv mvfv‡i Aew¯’Z RvZxq
¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai mvg‡b `uvwo‡q Avgv‡`i gv_v‡K bZ K‡i kÖ×v Ávcb Kwi| Avgiv wewfbœ
mfv-mgv‡ek, †mwgbvi I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g w`bwU D`hvcb Kwi|
I often remember the memories of my childhood. I was
born in a small village named Hulerhat on the bank of the river Kajolia. It was
a place of scenic (g‡bvig) beauty. There were many trees, ponds, green
fields in the village. I used to pass my childhood days playing with other
village children. They all behaved with me with heart. I started my education
at the village primary school when I was 6 years old. I have so many sweet
memories of my childhood. Green fields, riverbanks were my playgrounds. We
passed our time playing in the fields, flying kites in the sky, exploring the
jungle, picking up fruits from the trees and so on. An incident of my childhood
still haunts (cÖvqk D`q nIqv) me. Once I got lost as I followed a group of
people who were rendering songs from door to door. Luckily friend of mine saw
me crying and he took me to my home. I embraced (Rwo‡q aiv) my mother and promised not to leave her
again. But, my happy days did not last long. My father had to come to town on
service purpose and we also came with him. Now, I am a young man but I will
ever cherish (jvjb)
the sweet memories of my happy childhood spent in the charming environment of
my village. (Words : 223)
Avgvi ˆkke ¯§„wZ
Avwg cÖvqB Avgvi ˆkk‡ei K_v g‡b Kwi| KvRwjqv b`xi Zx‡i ûjvinvU
bvgK MÖv‡g Avwg Rš§MÖnY Kwi| GwU wQj GK g‡bvig †mŠ›`‡h©i RvqMv| GB MÖv‡g A‡bK
MvQcvjv, cyKzi, meyR gvV wQj| MÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i mv‡_ †Ljvayjv K‡i Avwg
Avgvi ˆkke AwZµg KiZvg| Zviv mevB Avgvi mv‡_ Lye fv‡jv AvPiY KiZ| Avwg 6 eQi
eq‡m MÖv‡gi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wk¶v ïi“ K‡iwQjvg| Avgvi ˆkk‡ei A‡bK my›`i my›`i
¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q| meyR gvV, b`xi Zxi wQj Avgvi †Ljvi gvV| Avgiv gv‡V †L‡j, AvKv‡k
Nywo Dwo‡q, R½‡j Nyiv‡div K‡i, MvQ †_‡K dj †c‡o Ges AviI A‡bK wKQy K‡i Avgv‡`i
mgq KvUvZvg| ˆkkeKv‡ji GKwU NUbv GLbI Avgv‡K Zvov K‡i| hviv evwo evwo Mvb †M‡q
†eovq Zv‡`i AbymiY K‡i GKw`b Avwg nvwi‡q wM‡qwQjvg| fvM¨µ‡g Avgvi GK eÜz Avgv‡K
Kuv`‡Z †`‡L Ges †m Avgv‡K Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z wb‡q hvq| Avwg Avgvi gv‡K Rwo‡q awi
Ges Zv‡K †Q‡o Avi KL‡bv †Kv_vI bv †h‡Z cÖwZÁv Kwi| wKš‘ Avgvi my‡Li w`b †ewk
w`b ¯’vqx nqwb| Avgvi evev‡K PvKzixi D‡Ï‡k¨ kn‡i Avm‡Z nq Ges AvgivI Zvi mv‡_
G‡mwQjvg| GLb Avwg GKRb hyeK wKš‘ Avwg Avgvi g‡bvig MÖvg¨ cwi‡e‡k Avgvi ˆkkeKvj
AwZevwnZ Kivi gayi ¯§„wZMy‡jv me mgqB jvjb Kie|
The
first day of my college life is one of the few evergreen memories of my life. I
got admitted to Faujdarhat Cadet College, Chittagong and was waiting for
attending classes with excitement. i
was thrilled (wknwiZ nIqv) with
joy at 9 am on July 20, 2013 because this was the time I entered the college
campus. It is a famous college. i
attended five classes that day. The first class was on English taken by a
female teacher who had a very strong personality. She was very friendly.
Previously, I was anxious about the behaviour of the teachers and after
attending her class, all my fears had gone. Then we attended bangla, Physics, chemistry and biology classes. Other teachers were also very friendly. As
all of us were new-comers there, we talked to each other and became friends
within a short time. All of us visited the library, the laboratory, the
auditorium. They were very much resourceful. The library was full of famous
books. There were newspapers, magazines for students. The laboratory was also
well-equipped. The auditorium was very attractive to look at. then we came the students' common room.
It was a huge room with various items of indoor games. It was a great
experience. I will cherish the memory of this day for ever. (Words : 217)
K‡j‡R Avgvi cÖ_g w`b
K‡j‡R cÖ_g w`‡bi ¯§„wZ Avgvi Rxe‡bi wPi¯§iYxq ¯§„wZMy‡jvi GKwU|
Avwg PÆMÖv‡gi †dŠR`vinvU K¨v‡WU K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡qwQjvg Ges D‡ËRbvi mv‡_ D‡Øvabx
K¬v‡mi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQjvg| 2013 mv‡ji 20 †k RyjvB mKvj 9 Uvq Avwg LyeB †ivgvwÂZ
wQjvg KviY G mg‡q Avwg K‡jR K¨v¤•v‡m cÖ‡ek Kwi| GwU GKwU weL¨vZ K‡jR| Avwg Hw`b
cuvPwU K¬v‡m AskMÖnY K‡iwQjvg| cÖ_g K¬vmwU wQj Bs‡iwR †hwU wb‡qwQ‡jb `„p e¨w³Z¡
m¤•bœ GKRb gwnjv wk¶K| wZwb LyeB eÜzmyjf wQ‡jb| c–‡e© Avwg wk¶K‡`i e¨envi wb‡q
wPwš@Z wQjvg wKš‘ Zvi K¬vm Kivi c‡i Avgvi me wPš@v `–i n‡q hvq| AZ:ci Avwg
evsjv, c`v_©, imvqb Ges RxeweÁvb K¬vm Kwi| Ab¨vb¨ wk¶KivI LyeB eÜzmyjf wQ‡jb|
†h‡nZz Avgiv mevB K‡j‡R bexb wQjvg Ges Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ K_v ejjvg Ges Aí
mg‡qi g‡a¨ Avgiv eÜz njvg| Avgiv mevB MÖš’vMvi, M‡elYvMvi, wgjbvqZb Ny‡i
†`Ljvg| GMy‡jv †ek mg„× wQj| MÖš’vMviwU weL¨vZ eB‡q c–Y© wQj| Qv·`i Rb¨ †mLv‡b
cwÎKv I g¨vMvwRb wQj| M‡elYvMviwU fv‡jv hš¿cvwZ‡Z mymw¾Z wQj| wgjbvqZbwU †`L‡Z
LyeB AvKl©Yxq wQj| Zvici Avgiv wk¶v_©x‡`i Kgbi“‡g Gjvg| GwU †Ljvayjvi wewfbœ
wRwbm Øviv mw¾Z GKwU eo K¶| GwU wQj GKwU eo AwfÁZv| Avwg wPiw`b GB w`‡bi ¯§„wZ
g‡b aviY Kie|
Premature marriage is the
marriage of boys and girls who have not yet reached the age of marriage.
Although the government of Bangladesh has fixed 18 and 21 years for girls and
boys respectively, people especially in the rural areas tend to marry their sons
and daughters off earlier than the expected time. Marrying at such a premature
age, boys suffer a lot because they have to work hard to run a family. On the
other hand, girls suffer even more because they have to risk their lives during
premature child birth. Yet the parents of sons marry them off to get dowry from
the in-laws. Girls' parents are often prejudiced against education. They
think that the more educated their
daughters are, the more dowry they have to give. Some of them even think that
girls are born to serve their in-laws. Thus the premature marriage creates a
lot of problems in the society. Lack of education is one of the causes of
premature marriage. Lack of moral values also causes premature marriage. The
media should be active in solving premature marriage. The govt. should take
pragmatic steps to remove this evil practice. Last but not the least, raising
social awareness can play the key role towards curbing this evil act. (Words : 211)
evj¨weevn/AcÖvßeq¯‹ weevn
evj¨weevn
ej‡Z †QvU †Q‡j I †g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ weevn‡K eySvq hviv GLb ch©š@ weevn eq‡mi Dchy³
nqwb| hw`I evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi bvix I cyi“‡li weev‡ni Rb¨ h_vµ‡g 18 I 21 eQi
wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q, we‡klZ MÖv‡gi †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i cyÎ I Kb¨v‡`i‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ
eq‡mi c–‡e©B weevn †`Iqvi cÖeYZv Av‡Q| Ggb AcÖvß eq‡m weevn K‡i evj‡Kiv A‡bK Kó
cvq KviY Zv‡`i‡K cwievi Pvjbvi Rb¨ K‡Vvi KvR Ki‡Z nq| Acic‡¶, †g‡qiv AviI †ewk
Kó †fvM K‡i _v‡K KviY AcÖvß eq‡m mš@vb Rš§ w`‡q Zv‡`i Rxeb‡K ûgwKi gy‡L †d‡j
w`‡Z nq| Z_vwc †Q‡j‡`i wcZvgvZviv Zv‡`i †Q‡j‡`i weevn †`q k¦ïi evwo †_‡K †hŠZzK
MÖnY Kivi Rb¨| †g‡q mš@v‡bi wcZvgvZv‡`i Zv‡`i †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡i Kzms¯‹vi i‡q‡Q|
Zviv fv‡e †h Zv‡`i †g‡q‡`i hZ †ewk wkw¶Z K‡i M‡o Zzj‡e, Zv‡`i‡K ZZ †ewk †hŠZzK
w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Avevi A‡b‡K wPš@v K‡i †h, †g‡qiv Zv‡`i k¦ïi evwoi †mev †`Iqvi
Rb¨ Rš§ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Gfv‡e AcÖvß eq‡m weevn mgv‡R A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
wk¶vi Afve AcÖvß eq‡m weev‡ni Ab¨Zg GKUv KviY| ˆbwZKZvi AfveI AcÖvß eq‡m
weev‡ni KviY| MYgva¨gMy‡jv‡K AcÖvßeq‡m weevn‡iv‡a mwµq _vK‡Z n‡e| GB Lvivc
Af¨vm `–i Kivi Rb¨ miKvi‡K cÖv‡qvwMK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Ae‡k‡l MYm‡PZbZv GB
e` Af¨vm `–i Kivi Rb¨ cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Smoking is a very bad habit
which is injurious to health. Inhaling the smoke of burnt tobacco is called
smoking. The tobacco can be either burnt in a device called pipe or it can be
wrapped and rolled in a piece of tobacco leaf paper. It is a popular belief
that inhaling tobacco smoke provides stimulation (D‡ËRbv) though there is no medical evidence (mv¶¨cÖgvY) to this belief. There are numerous bad effects
of smoking. It causes respiratory (k¦vmcÖk¦vm msµvš@) problem leading to bronchitis. A smoker suffers from hyper tension,
anxiety, digestion (cwicvK) disorder and heart attack.
Smokers run the risk of being attacked with colone cancer and cardiac arrest at
least 7 to 8 times higher than a non smoker. The decision then should be very
obvious. In order to keep our people
healthy and working we need to prevent this malady (†ivM, Amy¯’Zv). Government has already prohibited (wbwl× K‡i‡Q) smoking in public places. As smoking causes
several chemical changes within human body the impact is far reaching. Once
somebody smokes for the first few times there is no coming back. He becomes a
slave to this malevolent (¶wZKi) habit. To stop smoking, we
should raise consciousness among the people and inform them of the negative
effects of it. (Words : 209)
a–gcvb : GKwU Af¨vmMZ Amy¯’Zv
a–gcvb AZ¨š@ Lvivc Af¨vm hv
¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi| R¡jš@ Zvgv‡Ki †auvqv MÖnY Kiv‡K a–gcvb ejv nq| cvBc bvgK
GKwU h‡š¿i g‡a¨I ZvgvK‡K †cvov‡bv hvq ev Zvgv‡Ki cvZv KvM‡R gywo‡q I †cuwP‡qI
GUv‡K †cvov‡bv hvq| GUv GKUv RbwcÖq wek¦vm †h, ZvgvK MÖnY Ki‡j D‡ËRbv ev‡o hw`I
G wek¦v‡mi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmvMZ mv¶¨ cÖgvY †bB| a–gcv‡bi A‡bK ¶wZKi cÖfve i‡q‡Q|
GwU k¦vm-cÖk¦vm msµvš@ mgm¨v m„wó K‡i hv eªsKvBwUm †iv‡Mi w`‡K avweZ K‡i| GKRb
a–gcvqx e¨w³ D”P i³Pvc, `ywðš@v, cwicvK wµqvi mgm¨v Ges ü`‡iv‡M †fv‡M| GKRb a–gcvqx
†jvK GKRb Aa–gcvqx †jv‡Ki †P‡q 7/8 MyY †ewk K¨vÝvi I n„`‡iv‡Mi SuzwK‡Z _v‡K|
wm×vš@Uv ¯•ó nIqv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i RbMY‡K ¯^v¯’¨evb I Kg©Rxex K‡i ivLvi Rb¨
Avgv‡`i DwPZ GB †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Kiv| miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨B Rbmvavi‡Yi mvg‡b cÖKv‡k¨
a–gcvb wbwl× K‡i‡Q| †h‡nZz a–gcvb gvbe †`‡n KwZcq ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b mvab K‡i,
ZvB Gi cÖfve my`–i cÖmvix| cÖ_‡g †KD K‡qKevi a–gcvb Ki‡j Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv
m„wó nq bv| †m GB ¶wZKi Af¨v‡mi `vm n‡q hvq| a–gcvb eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i DwPZ
gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó Kiv Ges Zv‡`i‡K Gi †bwZevPK w`KMy‡jv m¤•‡K© AewnZ
Kiv|
During the last summer vacation, I along with my
uncle made a journey by train from Dhaka to Sylhet. We went there to enjoy the
natural beauties of hills and tea gardens. We reached the station in time and
got into the train. Fortunately, I got my seat beside the window. When the
guard blew the whistle the train began to move, I kept looking outside through
the window. The train was passing through paddy fields and other trees. I
enjoyed the natural beauties of the passing villages so much that I cannot express
it in words. The green fields, cows and the working of farmers in the fields
impressed me. when the train
stopped at a big station, we ate boiled eggs. We bought some magazines also.
Again the train started moving. This time the scenery was more beautiful. it passed through hills. The hills were
covered with green tea gardens. My joy knew no bounds at the sight of hills and
tea gardens. Soon it
became darker. Everything became mysterious (inm¨gq) and also beautiful with the approaching (Avmbœ/Nbvqgvb) evening. At
7 p.m. we reached the station and saw my uncle's friends waiting for us. We
felt relieved and enjoyed the rest of the days very much. It was the most
pleasant journey in my life. I will remember the journey forever. (Words : 225)
Avgvi †Uªb ågY
MZ MÖx‡®§i QywU‡Z Avwg Avgvi
PvPvi mv‡_ XvKv †_‡K wm‡j‡U †Uªb åg‡Y wM‡qwQjvg| Avgiv †mLv‡b cvnvo I Pv
evMv‡bi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| Avgiv mgqgZ †÷k‡b †cuŠ‡QwQjvg
Ges †Uª‡b DVjvg| †mŠfvM¨µ‡g Avwg Rvbvjvi cv‡k Avmb †c‡qwQjvg| hLb MvW© euvwk
euvRvj ZLb †UªbwU Pjv ïi“ Kij, Avwg Rvbvjv w`‡q ZvwK‡q _vKjvg| †UªbwU avb‡¶Z I
Ab¨vb¨ MvQ-MvQvwji ga¨ w`‡q GwM‡q hvw”Qj| Avwg AwZµvš@ MÖvgMy‡jvi cÖvK…wZK
†mŠ›`h© GZUv Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg †h Avwg Zv fvlvq cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv| meyR gvV,
Mi“ Ges K…l‡Ki gv‡V KvR Kiv Avgv‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| hLb †UªbwU eo GKwU †÷k‡b Avmj,
Avgiv ZLb wm× wWg †Ljvg| Avgiv wKQy mvgwqKxI wKbjvg| †UªbwU cybivq Pjv ïi“ Kij|
GB mgq `„k¨My‡jv AviI †ewk my›`i wQj| GwU cvnv‡oi ga¨ w`‡q PjvPj K‡i|
cvnvoMy‡jv meyR Pv evMvb Øviv †Niv wQj| cvnvo Ges Pv-evMv‡bi `„k¨ †`‡L Avgvi
Avb‡›`i mxgv wQj bv| kxNªB mܨv †b‡g Gj| mewKQy inm¨gqx n‡q DVj Ges mܨvi mv‡_
mv‡_ mewKQy my›`i n‡q DVj| mܨv mvZUvi mgq Avgiv †÷k‡b †cuŠQvjvg Ges †`Ljvg
Avgvi PvPvi eÜziv Avgv‡`i Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQj| Avgiv ¯^w¯@‡eva Kijvg Ges evwK
w`bMy‡jv †ek Dc‡fvM Kijvg| GwU Avgvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q Avb›``vqK ågY| Avwg wPiw`b
GB ågYwU g‡b ivLe|
The environment refers to the air, water and land in
which people, animals and plants live. Human beings, animals, plants, air,
water and soil make up the environment. Again different natural forces such as
storms, cyclones and earthquakes are also a part of the environment. All these
elements and forces are naturally interrelated (cvi¯•wiKfv‡e RwoZ).
Their relation to each other and to the surroundings is called ecology which is
very much systematic, dynamically balanced. It is like a complex web that links animals, plants and every
other life form. If this relationship is disturbed in any way, the whole
environment will face a destructive (aŸsmvÍK) change. for example, the destruction (aŸsm) of forests may cause drought (ﮋZv) and other natural disasters. Again the
emission (wbM©Z
nIqv) of carbon dioxide, chloro fluoro carbon
creates ecological imbalance. So, maintaining ecological balance is very much
essential. But we are not careful enough to maintain this balance. For a safe
earth to live in, we must plant more trees, because trees are very important
for the ecological balance. besides,
we must save wild animals. they
are the direct agent of our environment. Moreover, we must be careful about the
emission of harmful gases. So, it is our responsibility to prevent (wbe„Ë Kiv) the environment from being spoilt. (Words : 212)
cwi‡ek Ges ev¯@e¨we`¨v
cwi‡ek ej‡Z evqy, cvwb Ges
†h Rwg‡Z gvbyl, RxeRš‘ Ges MvQcvjv emevm K‡i Zv‡K †evSvq| gvbyl, RxeRš‘,
MvQcvjv, evqy, cvwb Ges gvwU
cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| Avevi wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †hgb So, N–wY©So Ges f‚wgK¤•
meB cwi‡e‡ki Ask| Gme Dcv`vbmg–n Ges cÖvK…wZK kw³ cvi¯•wiKfv‡e
RwoZ| Pvicv‡ki e¯‘i mv‡_ Ges GB Dcv`vbMy‡jvi G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ m¤•K©‡K ev¯@e¨we`¨v
e‡j †hwU LyeB wbqgZvwš¿K, MwZkxjfv‡e fvimvg¨c–Y©| GwU GKwU RwUj Rvj eybUÕ †hwU
RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Rxe‡K m¤•K©hy³ K‡i‡Q| hw` GB m¤•‡K©i †Kv‡bvfv‡e
e¨vNvZ N‡U, Zvn‡j mgMÖ cwi‡ek aŸsmvÍK cwieZ©‡bi gy‡LvgywL n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc
ebvÂj aŸsm, Liv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM NUv‡Z cv‡i| Avevi, Kve©b WvB A·vBW
Ges †K¬v‡iv-d¬z‡iv Kve©b cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨nxbZv m„wó K‡i| ZvB cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨
eRvq ivLv LyeB Ri“ix| wKš‘ Avgiv GB fvimvg¨ eRvq ivL‡Z h‡_ó m‡PZb bB| GKwU
fv‡jv c„w_exi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K †ewk †ewk MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e, KviY cwi‡e‡ki fvimv‡g¨i
Rb¨ MvQcvjv LyeB Myi“Z¡c–Y©| ZvQvov, Avgv‡`i‡K eb¨ RxeRš‘I i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Zviv
Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡ki mivmwi cÖwZwbwa| Dciš‘, Avgv‡`i‡K ¶wZKi M¨vm wbM©gb †_‡K mZK©
_vK‡Z n‡e| ZvB cwi‡ek‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡|
A kitchen garden is a garden
where we grow different types of vegetables and fruits for the use of our
family. A family is greatly benefited by making a kitchen garden very close to
its homestead. We have a nice kitchen garden. It is a part of the big flower
garden which we have in the southern part of our house. Usually, everyday in
the morning and in the afternoon, I am busy in that garden. In the morning, I
carry water from the nearest pond and water the plants carefully. In the
afternoon, I weed out the weakest and harmful plants. I cultivate various types
of vegetables and fruits. Potato, tomato, pumpkin, pepper, cucumber, bean etc.
are the main crops in our garden. My father has planted some fruit plants which
are yet to grow. We collect necessary vegetables and eat them with great joy.
Very often we give vegetables to our neighbours and relatives. they become very happy and we have
built a good relation in this way. In fact, the kitchen garden provides (†hvMvb †`qv) us with
necessary vitamins and also saves money. besides,
working there, we get chance for proper physical exercise and also mental peace
and satisfaction. (Words : 202)
mewR evMvb
cwiev‡ii e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Avgiv
†hLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR I djg–j Rš§vB Zv‡K mewR evMvb e‡j| evmM„‡ni Lye wbK‡U
mewR evMvb ˆZwi K‡i GKwU cwievi LyeB DcK…Z nq| Avgv‡`i PgrKvi GKwU mewR evMvb
Av‡Q| GwU Avgv‡`i wekvj dzj evMv‡bi GKwU Ask †hwU Avgv‡`i evwoi `w¶Y cv‡k
Aew¯’Z| mvaviYZ cÖwZw`b mKv‡j I weKv‡j Avwg evMv‡b e¨¯@ _vwK| mKv‡j Avwg cv‡ki
cyKzi †_‡K cvwb wb‡q PvivMvQMy‡jv‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e cvwb †`B| weKv‡j Avwg `ye©j I ¶wZKi
PvivMy‡jv DwV‡q †dwj| Avwg wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR I dj Pvl Kwi| Avjy, U‡g‡Uv, Kzgov,
†MvjgwiP, kmv, wkg BZ¨vw` Avgvi evMv‡bi cÖavb km¨| Avgvi evev wKQy djMvQ †ivcY
K‡i‡Qb hv GL‡bv Rš§vqwb| Avgiv cÖ‡qvRbxq mewR msMÖn Kwi Ges Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Zv
LvB| Avgiv cÖvqB Avgv‡`i AvÍxq-¯^Rb I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i mewR †`B| Zviv LyeB Lywk nb
Ges Gfv‡e Avgiv Zv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤•K© ˆZwi K‡iwQ| cÖK…Zc‡¶, mewR evMvbwU
Avgv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wfUvwgb mieivn K‡i Ges UvKv euvPvq| ZvQvov, †mLv‡b KvR
K‡i Avgiv mwVK kixi PP©vi my‡hvM cvB Ges gvbwmK kvwš@ I mš‘wóI cvB|
Leisure is the period which is spent at one's own
will. In our every day life, we have to be busy most of the time and if we get
some moments or more, we pass it in a simple carefree way. We don't do anything
serious in our leisure. People living in villages and cities spend their
leisure differently. Most of the male persons in villages spend their time in
tea stalls talking among themselves. Female persons gather in one place, talk
frankly and try to help each other. But in cities, people usually watch
television. They visit zoos, parks and other remarkable places. sometimes, people spend their leisure
with sports and pastimes. Rowing boats, swimming, playing and enjoying various
games and sports like football, cricket are very much common. Again using
computers, listening to music, attending concert, seminar, gardening are very
familiar pastimes. Above all, people of both cities and villages enjoy the
natural beauties. They come into contact with nature for refreshing their mind.
The enchanting
(g‡bvig) beauty of the late winter stimulates
(RvwM‡q †Zvjv, DÏxwcZ
Kiv) people. They travel in the midst of various
fragrant (myMÜ,
myiwf) flowers. Usually I spend my leisure with my
friends. We do different types of creative activities. Actually, leisure
refreshes our mind and sooths (cÖkwgZ Kiv) ourselves
greatly. (Words : 217)
Aemi/Aemi mgq
Aemi ej‡Z †mB mgq‡K †evSv‡bv
nq †h mgq GKRb Zvi wb‡Ri B”Qvg‡Zv KvUvq| Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgv‡`i‡K
AwaKvsk mgq e¨¯@ _vK‡Z nq Ges hw` Avgiv wKQy mgq cvB Zvn‡j mnR- ¯^vaxbfv‡e
AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z PvB| Aem‡i Avgiv gvivÍK wKQy Kwi bv| kni I MÖv‡gi evwm›`viv
wewfbœfv‡e Zv‡`i Aemi mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i| MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk cyi“liv Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b
wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ K_v e‡j mgq KvUvq| gwnjviv GK RvqMvq R‡ov n‡q K_v e‡j Ges G‡K
Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ kn‡i Aem‡i †jvKRb mvaviYZ wUwf †`‡L mgq
AwZevwnZ K‡i| Zviv wPwoqvLvbv, D`¨vb Ges Ab¨vb¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ ¯’vbMy‡jv ågY K‡i|
gv‡S gv‡S †jvKRb †Ljvayjv K‡i I AeKvk hvcb K‡i mgq AwZevwnZ K‡i| †bŠKv evBP,
muvZvi, †Ljvayjv Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi LyeB cwiwPZ †Ljvayjv †hgb dzUej, wµ‡KU Dc‡fvM
K‡i| Avevi, Kw¤•DUvi e¨envi, Mvb †kvbv, Kbmv‡U© †hvM`vb, Av‡jvPbv mfv, evMvb
Kiv LyeB cwiwPZ AeKvk| m‡e©vcwi kni I MÖvg Dfq A‡ji †jvKRbB cÖvK…wZK `„k¨
Dc‡fvM K‡i| Zviv gb‡K m‡ZR Kivi Rb¨ cÖK…wZi wbKU Av‡m| kx‡Zi †k‡li g‡bvig
†mŠ›`h© †jvKRb‡K RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| Zviv wewfbœ myMwÜ dz‡ji ga¨ w`‡q ågY K‡i| Avwg
mvaviYZ Avgvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ Avgvi Aemi mgq KvUvB| Avgiv wewfbœ ai‡bi m„Rbkxj KvR
Kwi| cÖK…Zc‡¶, Aemi mgq Avgv‡`i gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i Ges Avgv‡`i‡K e¨vcKfv‡e cÖkwgZ
K‡i|
Social values refer to customs, beliefs, social
practices and norms
(Av`k©), behaviourial patterns and attitude of a
particular social community. Social values shape the life of a person to a
great extent. In the past people were very much strict about maintaining social
values. Honesty, sincerity, truthfulness, sympathy, fellow feeling, respect for
others were considered to be social values. "Honesty is the best
policy" was the motto (g–jgš¿) of the
day. The dishonest, criminals were held in great contempt (N„Yvi, AeÁvi). But today, because of scientific and
technological development, people are getting acquainted with other cultures.
They are being educated—all these have lasting influence on their ideas,
beliefs and tradition. Nowadays youngers do not respect the elders, people have
no fellow-feelings, they are getting involved in crimes, anti-social activities
and addiction to drug. These are the signs of people's loss of the sense of
morality which has resulted from social degradation (AatcZb). If it continues, worse days are ahead of
us. So, to avoid such an uncongenial situation we all should be careful to
preserve our social values. We can do this by raising awareness in people,
inculcating the habit of doing good deeds, maintaining moral scruples,
detesting vices and corrupt practices. (Words : 204)
mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva
mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva n‡”Q GKwU wbw`©ó
mvgvwRK m¤•Ö`v‡qi ixwZ-bxwZ, wek¦vm, mvgvwRK Abykxjb, Av`k©, AvPiYMZ aib Ges
`„wófw½mg–n| mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva GKRb e¨w³i Rxeb MVb K‡i| AZx‡Z †jv‡Kiv mvgvwRK
g–j¨‡eva K‡Vvifv‡e i¶Yv‡e¶Y KiZ| mZZv, bgªZv, mZ¨evw`Zv, Ki“Yv, mncvVxi cÖwZ
mg‡e`bv Ges Ac‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×v‡K mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †mB w`‡bi
g–jgš¿ wQj ÒmZZvB n‡”Q DrK…ó cš’vÓ| Amr I Acivax e¨w³iv N„wYZ nZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b
ˆeÁvwbK I cÖhyw³MZ Dbœq‡bi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡”Q| Zviv
wkw¶Z n‡”Q- GB me wKQyB Zv‡`i aviYv,
wek¦vm I HwZ‡n¨i Dci ¯’vqx cÖfve †dj‡Q| eZ©gv‡b †QvUiv eo‡`i‡K kÖ×v K‡i bv,
gvby‡li g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv mngwg©Zv †bB, Zviv Aciva, mgvR we‡ivax Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ n‡”Q I
gv`K `ª‡e¨i cÖwZ Avm³ n‡”Q| Gme wKQyB gvby‡li ˆbwZK Ae¶‡qi wPý hv mvgvwRK
AatcZ‡bi d‡j G‡m‡Q| hw` GUv Pj‡Z _v‡K, kxNªB me‡P‡q Lvivc w`b Avm‡e| ZvB Ggb
cÖK…wZ wei“× Ae¯’v Z¨vM K‡i mvgvwRK g–j¨‡eva‡K msi¶Y Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i mevB‡K mZK©
n‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó K‡i, fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Af¨v‡mi gva¨‡g, ˆbwZK
bxwZgvjv msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g, cvc I `yb©xwZ‡K cÖej N„Yvi gva¨‡g Avgiv GUv Ki‡Z cvwi|
Health
is the greatest wealth in the life of a man. The importance of keeping in good
health is precise (h_vh_; wbqgwbô) in every walk of our life. In
order to keep in good health first of all one needs to follow the rules of
health and cleanliness. It means that he/she must eat a balanced diet and take
proper rest. He/She should eat in fixed time. Too much food cannot ensure good
health. One should eat as much as one needs. He/She should try his/her best to
take fresh and formalin-free food items. He/she must eat seasonal fruits and
vegetables. He/ she must go to bed early and rise early. Then, physical
exercise plays a vital role in keeping in good health. If he/she does not take
part in games and sports, he/she will not be physically sound. After that, one
needs to keep in mind that good health does not mean only physical health.
Health means the soundness of body as well as the soundness of mind. Without
having a sound mind, he/she cannot concentrate on his/her works. The rules of
hygiene play a vital role in keeping in good health. He/she must wash his/her
body everyday with soap and put on clean clothes. He/She should not use the
towel and clothes of others. Before having anything he should wash his hands. (Words : 223)
wKfv‡e my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLv hvq
¯^v¯’¨ n‡”Q GKRb
gvby‡li Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo m¤•`| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î my¯^v‡¯’¨i Myi“Z¡ Lye
†ewk| my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨ I cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z
n‡e| Gi A_© n‡”Q Zv‡K mylg Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e I ch©vß wekÖvg wb‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K wbw`©ó
mg‡q †L‡Z n‡e| AwZwi³ Lvevi my¯^v¯’¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKR‡bi DwPr Zvi
cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv LvIqv| GKR‡bi m‡e©v”P m‡ZR I digvwjb gy³ Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ| Zv‡K
Aek¨B FZzwe‡kl dj I mewR †L‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K mKvj mKvj weQvbvq †h‡Z n‡e Ges ZvovZvwo
Nyg †_‡K DV‡Z n‡e| GQvov, kvixwiK e¨vqvg ¯^v¯’¨ MV‡b Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i| hw` †m †Ljvayjvq AskMÖnY bv K‡i Zvn‡j Zvi ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv n‡e bv| Gici,
GKR‡bi g‡b ivLv DwPZ my¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z ïaygvÎ kvixwiK ¯^v¯’¨‡K †evSvq bv| ¯^v¯’¨
ej‡Z †`‡ni my¯’Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ g‡bi my¯’Zv‡K †evSvq| my¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvix nIqv Qvov
†m Zvi Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv my¯^v¯’¨ MV‡b weivU f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i _v‡K| mvevb w`‡q cÖwZw`b kixi‡K Aek¨B †aŠZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cwi®‹vi Kvco
cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e| Ac‡ii †Zvqv‡j ev Kvco Zvi e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq| †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy
LvIqvi c–‡e© Zv‡K nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
Eid-ul-Fitr is one of the two religious festivals of the
Muslims (a‡g©). We eagerly await this day after having a fasting (†ivhv) for thirty days. This day is celebrated with great religious gravity (agx©q Myi“Z¡) by the Muslims. However, I celebrated this day as other Muslims do. I
got up very early in the morning, took my bath, dressed up wearing punjabi,
pajama and tupi. The congregation (Dcvmbvi Rb¨ Rgv‡qZ †jvKRb) being over I exchanged greetings with a lot of friends and near and
dear ones. In the morning, I found my mother and sister busy with making loaf,
shemai and jorda. In the morning, I distributed cash and dress among the poor
class people. When I set out for the Eidgah, I discovered many old friends who
were behind the curtain for a long time. We expressed our fellow feelings with
one another. In that very day we arranged a grand feast (†fvR) to feed the poor people. It was an age old tradition of our family.
After saying prayer I returned home. In the afternoon I joined my friends who
arranged a reunion (cybwg©jb) meeting. After the meeting we
went to the nearby river and passed a few hours there. This is how I enjoyed
the day of Eid-ul-Fitr. (Words : 211)
C`-Dj-wdZi D`hvcb
C`-Dj
wdZi n‡”Q gymwjg a‡g©i `ywU ag©xq Drm‡ei g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU| wÎk w`b †ivRvi ci Avgiv
GB w`bwUi Rb¨ Mfxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶v Kwi| GB w`bwU gymjgvbiv h_vh_ ag©xq
fveMv¤¢x‡h©i mv‡_ D`&hvcb K‡i _v‡K| hv †nvK, Ab¨vb¨ gymjgvb‡`i gZB Avwg
w`bwU D`&hvcb K‡iwQjvg| Avwg Lye mKvj mKvj Nyg †_‡K †R‡M D‡VwQjvg, Avwg
†Mvmj K‡iwQjvg, cvRvgv-cvÄvex I Uzwc cwiavb K‡iwQjvg| C‡`i RvgvZ †kl nIqvi ci
Avwg Nwbô wKQy eÜz I cwiwPZ †jvK‡`i mv‡_ ky‡f”Qv wewbgq K‡iwQjvg| mKv‡j Avwg gv
I †evb‡K wcVv, †mgvB Ges RÏ©v evbv‡Z e¨¯@ †`‡LwQjvg| mKv‡j Avwg Mwie‡`i g‡a¨
UvKv I e¯¿weZiY K‡iwQjvg| hLb Avwg C`Mv‡ni c‡_ hvÎv Kwi, ZLb A‡bK cyivZb eÜz‡K
†`L‡Z cvB hviv `xN©w`b `–‡i wQj| Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ fve wewbgq Kwi| †mB w`‡b
`wi`ª‡`i‡K LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ GK weivU Lvev‡ii Av‡qvRb K‡iwQjvg| GUv wQj Avgv‡`i
cwiev‡i `xN©w`‡bi HwZn¨| cÖv_©bvi †k‡l Avwg evmvq wd‡i Avmjvg| we‡Kj †ejvq Avwg
Avgvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ cybwg©jbx Abyôv‡b †hvM`vb K‡iwQjvg| Abyôvb †k‡l Avgiv
wbKUeZ©x b`x‡Z wM‡qwQjvg Ges K‡qK NÈv †mLv‡b AwZevwnZ K‡iwQjvg| Gfv‡e Avwg
C`-Dj wdZi Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg|
A moonlit night is a wonderful and enjoyable presentation of nature. A
moonlit night is a great pleasure and source of recreation for the people of
almost all ages, tastes and temperaments. The night in which the moon shines
brightly in the cloudless clear sky is generally known as a moonlit night. It
comes to us with all her stimulus and magnificent (RuvKRgKc–Y©) beauty. In a moonlit night, the moon looks like a disk of dazzling
silver and bathes the nature with her pleasant light. People of all ages become
enchanted (†gvwnZ nIqv) with its charm. Even, the newly born babies glance at the moon
steadily. There are plenty of poems, songs, stories, fairy tales about moonlit
nights. Again, some birds and beasts come out leaving their nestling places to
relish (Dc‡fvM Kiv) the beauty of the night. Both the city and the village dwellers enjoy
the night gossiping, walking here and there. Children greatly enjoy the night
playing. During my childhood, I also used to enjoy the night chatting, playing
with my mates and that was really fascinating (gy»
K‡i Ggb AvKl©Yxq) and excellent and haunting
till today. In fine, a moonlit night is
a nice gift of nature and it spellbinds (m‡¤§vwnZ
Kiv) all through its
loveliness. (Words : 210)
†R¨vrøvivZ
†R¨vrøvivZ cÖK…wZi GKwU PgrKvi I Dc‡fvM¨ Dc¯’vcbv| †R¨vrøvivZ
cÖvq me eqwm, i“wP I †gRvwR †jvK‡`i GK weivU Avb›` I we‡bv`‡bi Drm| †h iv‡Z
Puv` †gNgy³ cwi®‹vi AvKv‡k D¾¡jfv‡e wKiY †`q Zv‡K mvaviYZ †R¨vrøvivZ ejv nq|
GwU Zvi Kg©‡cÖiYv`vqK I RuvKRgKc–Y© †mŠ›`h© wb‡q AvMgb K‡i| †R¨vrøviv‡Z Puv`
iƒcvi _vjvi gZ †`Lvq Ges cÖK…wZ Puv‡`i GB iƒcvjx Av‡jv‡Z wm³ nq| mKj eq‡mi
†jv‡Kiv Bnvi †mŠ›`‡h© †gvwnZ nq| GgbwK, beRvZK Puv‡`i w`‡K AcjK `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q
_v‡K| Puv` wb‡q A‡bK KweZv, Mvb, Mí, cixiMí BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q| Avevi wKQy cvwL I cï
Zv‡`i evmv †Q‡o †ewi‡q Av‡m G iv‡Zi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z| kni I MÖv‡gi Dfq
evwm›`viv Mí K‡i, GLv‡b †mLv‡b nuvUv nuvwU K‡i GB ivZwU Dc‡fvM K‡i| ev”Pviv
†Ljvayjv K‡i ivZwU Dc‡fvM K‡i| Avgvi wkïKv‡j Avwg Avgvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ Mí K‡i I
†Ljvayjv K‡i GB ivZwU Dc‡fvM KiZvg †hwU wQj LyeB g‡bvgy»Ki I AvKl©Yxq Ges hv
Avgv‡K GLbI Zvov K‡i| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, †R¨vrøvivZ cÖK…wZi GKwU my›`i Dcnvi Ges
GwU Gi †mŠ›`h© w`‡q mevB‡K m‡¤§vwnZ K‡i|
I live in an extended family
with my parents, two brothers, grandparents and my uncles. It is a family where
all members share each other's feelings. The household activities are also done
together. My grandparents are the senior guardians in the family. So, I get not
only my parents but also my grandparents and uncles as guardians. I am never
lonely. Sometimes guests are available and I have to share my own room and
almost in every week we have programmes and celebrations like birthday
celebrations and celebrations on good occasions. I feel some problems also
being in an extended family, I do not expect any guest at the time of my
examination. Besides my privacy cannot be maintained if my room is shared.
Sometimes, I feel myself in a cage because I have many guardians and I do not
have any scope to decide anything in my own way. I guess it is really one
severe (RwUj) problem in an extended family because a child may lose the capacity to
decide something himself/herself. Still then I like an extended family for its
sharing and fellow feeling. I know life in a nuclear family is sometimes lonely
and boring. So, if I get a little privacy and no disturbance (wek„¸Ljv) in my own way of life I will
support an extended family. (Words : 220)
†hŠ_ cwievi
Avwg Avgvi gv-evev, `yB fvB,
`v`v-`vw` I Avgvi PvPv‡`i mv‡_ GKwU †hŠ_ cwiev‡i _vwK| GwU Ggb GKwU cwievi
†hLv‡b mKj m`m¨ G‡K A‡b¨i Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZi Askx`vi| N‡ii KvRMy‡jvI GK‡Î Kiv nq|
Avgvi `v`v-`vw` cwiev‡ii e‡qv‡R¨ô AwffveK| ZvB Avwg ïay gv-evev‡K bq, eis Avgvi
`v`v-`vw` I PvPv‡`iI AwffveK wn‡m‡e cvB| Avwg KL‡bvB GKv _vwK bv| KLbI KLbI
AwZw_iv Av‡m Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi wb‡Ri Ni fvMvfvwM K‡i wb‡Z nq Ges cÖvq cÖwZ
mßv‡nB Avgv‡`i Rš§w`b D`hvcb I ïf Dcj¶ D`hvc‡bi g‡Zv Abyôvb I D`hvcb _v‡K| †hŠ_
cwiev‡i _vKvi wKQy mgm¨vI Avwg Abyfe Kwi| Avgvi cix¶vi mgq Avwg †Kv‡bv AwZw_i
AvMgb cÖZ¨vkv Kwi bv| †mB mv‡_, Ni fvMvfvwM Ki‡Z †M‡j e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZv ivLv hvq
bv| KLbI KLbI Avgvi g‡b nq Avwg GKwU LuvPvq AvwQ, KviY Avgvi A‡bK AwffveK Av‡Q
Ges †Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡iB Avgvi wb‡Ri B‡”Qg‡Zv wm×vš@ †bIqvi my‡hvM _v‡K bv| Avwg g‡b
Kwi †hŠ_ cwiev‡i GwU GKwU mwZ¨Kvi RwUj mgm¨v KviY GKwU wkï wb‡R †Kv‡bv wm×vš@
†bIqvi ¶gZv nviv‡Z cv‡i| Zv m‡Ë¦I Avwg mewKQy fvMvfvwM K‡i †bIqvi cÖeYZv I
mnvbyf‚wZi Rb¨ †hŠ_ cwievi cQ›` Kwi| Avwg Rvwb †h GKK cwiev‡i Rxeb gv‡S gv‡S
GKvwKZ¦c–Y© I GK‡N‡q n‡q c‡o| ZvB hw` Avwg GKv GKv KvUvevi wKQy mgq cvB Avi
Avgvi Rxeb wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i KvUv‡Z †Kv‡bv evavweNœ bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Avwg †hŠ_ cwievi
mg_©b Ki‡ev|
English as an International
Language
Language
is a medium of expressing thoughts, feelings, emotions and passions. English is
called an international language because in many countries for a long time
English has been being used for international communication. As English is not
our first language, we should learn English with rapt (Avweó)
attention. we should be aware of
the fact that job advertisements nowadays often ask for a good working knowledge
of English. In this present stage of It
revolution, English is a must to know all the information in the computer for
higher education. English helps the business world to communicate across
national borders. So, if we fail to get at hand in English, we must lag behind
in the present competitive world. For a good command over English, we must realize the necessity of grammar because
grammar of any language tells us the forms and structure and the correct use of
it. Without grammar, our use of English will be faulty. We need English to get
good jobs, to go abroad, to pursue higher studies on science and technology and
medicine. As English is a global language we have to learn the four skills of
listening, speaking, reading and writing. We can not keep pace with the modern
world if we do not learn English. The present text book helps to learn English.
(Words : 220)
Avš@R©vwZK fvlv wn‡m‡e Bs‡iwR
fvlv nj wPš@v, Abyf‚wZ, Av‡eM I Drmvn cÖKv‡ki gva¨g|
Bs‡iwR‡K Avš@R©vwZK fvlv ejv nq KviY wewfbœ †`‡k `xN© mgq hveZ Avš@R©vwZK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR fvlv e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| †h‡nZz Bs‡iwR Avgv‡`i cÖ_g fvlv bq
†m‡nZz Avweó g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR †kLv DwPZ| Avgv‡`i mZK© _vKv DwPZ †h
eZ©gv‡b PvKzwii weÁwßMy‡jv‡Z fv‡jv Bs‡iwR Rvbv †jvK PvIqv nq| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i GB hy‡M
Bs‡iwR Rvbv Awbevh© KviY Kw¤•DUv‡i D”P wk¶vi mKj Z_¨ Bs‡iwR‡Z| Bs‡iwR e¨emvqx
RMZ‡K RvZxq mxgvi evB‡i †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB Avgiv hw` Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z e¨_© nB, Zvn‡j eZ©gv‡bi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg–jK we‡k¦
Avgiv wcwQ‡q coe| Bs‡iwR‡Z `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K e¨vKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eyS‡Z
n‡e KviY †h‡Kv‡bv fvlvi e¨vKiY Avgv‡`i GwUi mwVK MVbcÖYvjx I mwVK e¨envi m¤•‡K© wk¶v †`q| e¨vKiY Qvov Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwRi e¨envi ΓwUc–Y© _vK‡e|
fv‡jv PvKwi cvIqvi Rb¨, we‡`k hvIqvi Rb¨, weÁvb, cÖhyw³ Ges wPwKrmv Gi Dci
D”PZi cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR Rvbv `iKvi| †h‡nZy Bs‡iwR GKwU Avš@R©vwZK
fvlv Avgv‡`i †kvbv, ejv, cov Ges †jLv GB PviwU `¶Zv †kLv `iKvi| Avgiv hw`
Bs‡iwR bv wkwL Avgiv AvaywbK we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z cvie bv| eZ©gvb cvV¨eB
Bs‡iwR wkL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
Bangladesh is not a very aged country though in this
short (¯^í) span
(cwim‡i) of time many significant events took place
in its history. the 16th December
is the Victory Day of Bangladesh. The day is a red-letter day in the life
history of Bangladesh. On this day in 1971, we gained triumph (weRq) at the cost of a bloodstained war and
Bangladesh came into being. About three million people including more than two
lac women scarified their lives for the sake of independence of our country.
The day reminds us of the sacrifices of our valiant freedom fighters. We
commemorate the paramount (Pig) sacrifice of the brave sons who died for the
country and pay gleaming (†Kvgj Avfv) acclaim (Awfe›`bv) to their deceased soul. the day begins with gunshot and the
whole country wears a festive look. the
national flag is hoisted (D‡Ëvjb Kiv) on the top of each house. many meetings, seminars, symposiums and
discussions are held. People of all walks of life go to the national mausoleum
and offer flowers there as a symbol of
our profound homage (m¤§vb cÖ`k©b) to the martyred valiant (exi) soldiers. this
day is a day of great joy, hope and inspiration. this victory symbolizes victory against inequity, oppression
and falsehood. this day will
remain ever fresh and evergreen in the heart of each and every Bangladeshi. (Words : 225)
weRq w`em
evsjv‡`k
Lye cy‡iv‡bv †`k bq hw`I GB ¯^í mg‡q Gi BwZnv‡m A‡bK Myi“Z¡c–Y© NUbv N‡U †M‡Q|
16 wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`‡ki weRq w`em| evsjv‡`‡ki Rxeb BwZnv‡m 16 wW‡m¤^i GKUv ¯§iYxq
w`b| 1971 mv‡ji GBw`‡b Avgiv GKwU i³¶qx hy‡×i wewbg‡q weRq AR©b K‡iwQjvg Ges
evsjv‡`‡ki Rš§ m–wPZ n‡qwQj| `yB j¶vwaK bvixmn cÖvq wZb wgwjqb †jvK Avgv‡`i
†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQj| w`bwU Avgv‡`i exi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
Av‡Ívrm‡M©i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| †h mg¯@ exi mš@v‡biv †`‡ki Rb¨ gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb
Avgiv Zv‡`i Pig AvÍZ¨vM ¯§iY Kwi Ges Zuv‡`i g„Z AvÍvi cÖwZ Av‡eMZvwoZ
cÖksmvaŸwb D”PviY Kwi| Kvgv‡bi †ZvcaŸwbi gva¨‡g w`bwU kyi“ nq Ges mviv‡`k GKwU
Drmeg“Li †Pnviv aviY K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K evwoi Dci RvZxq cZvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| A‡bK mfv,
†mwgbvi , mgv‡ek Ges Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| mKj ¯@‡ii gvbyl RvZxq ¯§„wZ †mŠ‡a
hvq Ges knx` exi ˆmwbK‡`i cÖwZ Mfxi m¤§vb cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ †mLv‡b cy®•¯@eK Ac©Y
K‡i| GB w`bwU n‡”Q e¨vcK Avb›`, Avkv Ges AvKv¸¶vi w`b| GB weRq AmgZv, wbh©vZb Ges
wg_¨vPv‡ii wei“‡× weRq wb`k©b K‡i| GB w`bUv cÖ‡Z¨K evsjv‡`wki Aš@‡i wPi m‡ZR I
wPimeyR n‡q _vK‡e|
Self-employment is the best employment that makes a
man individually strong. It refers to 'not working for an employer but finding
work for oneself or having one's own business'. That is, when a man or woman
himself/ herself arranges a source of work is called self-employment. There are
many ways to be self-employed in Bangladesh such as he/she may be a mechanic,
driver, painter, fish cultivator, poultry farmer etc. There are many youth
training centres across Bangladesh. Unemployed young people can take training
from these institutions to be self-employed. They can get training from
government run youth
training (hye cÖwk¶Y) centres
at low cost. Trained at the centres, they can receive loan for the related
business and start working. It is found that, in most cases, they come out
successful. To be self-employed is really praiseworthy (cÖksmvi †hvM¨). By such
effort, the poor, uneducated and above all educated but unemployed people can
make a room in the work force and can change their lot radically. They can be
self-sufficient and win poverty. It is true that his/ her job may be petty but
not ignoble
(j¾vKi; wbP) rather it is more honourable (m¤§vbRbK) and significant than
those jobs under an institution either government or non-government or private.
In fact, self-reliance is the best reliance. (Words : 214)
AvÍKg©ms¯’vb
AvÍKg©ms¯’vb me‡P‡q fv‡jv Kg©ms¯’vb hv
GKRb gvbyl‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e kw³kvjx K‡i| GUv wb‡qvMKZ©vi Rb¨ KvR Kiv bq wKš‘ wb‡Ri
Rb¨ KvR †LuvRv ev wb‡Ri e¨emv wb‡R Kiv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| Zvi A_©, hLb GKRb cyi“l ev
gwnjv wb‡RB Kv‡Ri Drm Luy‡R †bq Zv‡K AvÍKg©ms¯’vb e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k AvÍK‡g©
wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi A‡bK Dcvq Av‡Q †hgb †m GKRb †gKvwbK/ wg¯¿x, WªvBfvi/ MvwoPvjK,
wPÎKi, gvQPvlx, nuvmgyiwMi Lvgvix BZ¨vw` n‡Z cv‡i| mviv evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK hye
cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª Av‡Q| †eKvi hye‡Kiv GB mg¯@ cÖwZôv‡b ¯^wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi cÖwk¶Y wb‡Z
cv‡i| Zviv Kg Li‡P miKvi cwiPvwjZ hye cÖwk¶Y †K›`ªMy‡jv‡ZI cÖwk¶Y MÖnY Ki‡Z
cv‡i| †K›`ªMy‡jv‡Z cÖwk¶Y †c‡q Zviv Kw_Z e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ FY MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i I KvR
kyi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`Lv hvq †h, AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Zviv mdj nq| ¯^wb‡qvwRZ nIqv ev¯@weKB
cÖksmvi †hvM¨| G †Póvi Øviv Mwie, Awkw¶Z Ges m‡e©vcwi mKj wkw¶Z A_P †eKvi †jv‡Kiv Kg©h‡Á ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i
Ges Zv‡`i fv‡M¨i Avg–j cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv ¯^qsm¤•–Y© n‡Z cv‡i Ges `vwi`ª¨
Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv mZ¨ †h, Zvi KvR †QvU n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e j¾vKi ev wbP bq| eis GUv
miKvwi ev †emiKvwi ev e¨w³MZ cÖwZôv‡bi Aax‡bi mg¯@ KvR A‡c¶v AwaKZi m¤§vbRbK I
Myi“Z¡c–Y©| cÖK…Zc‡¶, AvÍwek¦vm me‡P‡q fv‡jv wek¦vm|
Though child labour is severely
prohibited by law, it is still prevalent in the third world countries like
Bangladesh. Child labour refers to the physical labour done by the children
from 8 to 18. The condition of these working children is very painful. They are
found working in factories or doing household chores as servants. They are also
engaged in fields, shops, restaurants etc. They have to grind bricks and
stones. They work as street hawkers. Most of the time they become pickpockets.
They also work as a bus conductor, helper, boot polisher and the like. Some of
the works are sometimes risky for them, like working in the welding factory.
Though they have to work a lot, most of the time they are ill paid. Sometimes
children working in different houses are tortured severely which hampers their
physical and mental health. They are deprived of proper care, food and medical
treatment. There is no denying that child labour should be banned and the govt.
as well as the people concerned should take necessary steps to create
alternative opportunities. People of all walks of life and the government
together should try sincerely to eradicate this problem from our society.
Otherwise, this child labour will drag us down to utter degradation. (Words : 210)
evsjv‡`‡k wkkykÖg
hw`I wkkykÖg AvBb Øviv gvivÍKfv‡e/ fxlbfv‡e wbwl×, evsjv‡`‡ki gZ
Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`kMy‡jv‡Z GUv GL‡bv eZ©gvb| 8 n‡Z 18 eQi eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i
kvixwiK/ KvwqK kÖg‡K wkkykÖg ejv nq| G mg¯@ wkky kÖwgK‡`i Ae¯’v eoB Ki“Y|
G‡`i‡K KviLvbvq Kg©iZ ev PvKi wn‡m‡e M„n¯’vwji KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| Giv gv‡V,
†`vKv‡b, †i‡¯@viv‡ZI wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| G‡`i‡K BU I cv_i fvO‡Z nq| Zviv iv¯@vi
†dwiIqvjvi KvR K‡i| G‡`i AwaKvsk cÖvqB c‡KUgvi nq| Zviv evm KÛv±vi, †njcvi, RyZv
cvwjk Gi gZ KvRI K‡i| SvjvB KviLvbvi Kv‡Ri gZ †Kvb †Kvb KvR Zv‡`i Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S
SzuwKc–Y© n‡q c‡o| hw`I G‡`i‡K A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z nq, AwaKvsk mg‡qB Giv Kg gRyix
†c‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ M„‡n Kg©iZ wkkyiv gv‡S gv‡S gvivÍKfv‡e wbM„nxZ nq hv Zv‡`i
kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡K ¶wZMÖ¯’ K‡i| Zviv mwVK hZœ, Lv`¨ I wPwKrmv †mev †_‡K
ewÂZ| ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h, wkkykÖg wbwl× Kiv DwPZ Ges miKvi I RbMY‡K weKí
my‡hvM m„wói cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| Rxe‡bi mKj ¯@‡ii gvbyl I miKvi‡K
GK‡Î Avgv‡`i mgvR †_‡K G mgm¨v `–i Ki‡Z wbôvi mv‡_ †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq, G
wkkykÖg Avgv‡`i‡K Pig cZ‡bi w`‡K wb‡q hv‡e|
Facebook is a very
popular social networking site which has both advantages and disadvantages. It
is a great way to keep in touch with your family and friends that live far away.
With instant messaging and even video chat, Facebook is the perfect environment
to stay connected. With the status updates, photos and profile information, it
can keep us up to date on the happenings of all of our close ones. Facebook
makes meeting new people extremely easy. Using Facebook one can express one's
opinion easily. Facebook has some disadvantages too. It is very easy for cyber
bullies to thrive. They can harass and gang up on one person. There aren't
moderators that go around monitoring what people say to each other. Besides,
teenagers who spend much time on Facebook, will suffer in the long run as their
valuable time for study is not used properly. So there is no denying to say
that Facebook has a lot of advantages with some disadvantages too. Active but
overt monitoring and open communication about appropriate usage is the key to
all the problems. This active role could prevent serious consequences such as
depression, anxiety or even suicide. It is also important for parents to stay
abreast with online trends and the latest technologies, websites and
applications. (Words : 214)
†dmeyK
Ô†dmeyKÕ GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ mvgvwRK †bUIqvK© mvBU hvi myweav I
Amyweav DfqB Av‡Q| `–‡i emevmiZ †Zvgvi cwievi I eÜz‡`i mv‡_ ms‡hvM ivLvi GUv GK
weivU Dcvq| Zvr¶wbK ¶z‡` evZ©v Av`vb cÖ`vb Ges GgbwK wfwWI AvjvcPvwiZvi gva¨‡g
†dmeyK †hvMv‡hvM i¶vi GK wbLyuZ cwi‡ek| ÷¨Uvm Avc‡WUm, d‡Uvm Ges †cÖvdvBj Z‡_¨i
gva¨‡g GUv Avgv‡`i mKj wbKU R‡bi NUbvw` m¤•‡K© AewnZ iv‡L| †dmeyK e¨envi K‡i
GKRb mn‡R Zvi gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| †dmey‡Ki wKQy AmyweavI Av‡Q| mvBevi
eyjx‡`i †eu‡P/wU‡K _vKv Lye mnR| Zviv GKRb †jvK‡K bvKvj Ki‡Z Ges Zvi wei“‡×
`je× n‡q KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| RbMb G‡K Ab¨‡K Kx e‡j Zv gwbUi/cix¶v Kivi gZ mgš^qKvix
Zviv bq| ZvQvov, †h mg¯@ wK‡kvi †dmey‡K cÖPzi mgq e¨q K‡i Zviv cwiYv‡g Kó †fvM
K‡i †h‡nZz Zviv Zv‡`I g–j¨evb mgq †jLvcovq h_vh_fv‡e e¨envi K‡i bv| myZivs ejvi
A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h wKQy Amyweav _vKv m‡Ë¡I †dmey‡Ki A‡bK myweav Av‡Q| mwµq wKš‘
cÖKvk¨ ch©‡e¶Y I †LvjvLywj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM G mKj mgm¨vi mgvavb| G
ai‡bi mwµq f‚wgKv nZvkv, DrKÉv ev AvÍnb‡bi gZ gvivÍK cwiYwZ‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g wK‡kvi-Zi“Y‡`i wewfbœ Kvh©Kjv‡ci cÖeYZv Ges me©‡kl cÖhyw³,
I‡qemvBU I A¨vwcЇKkbMy‡jv m¤•‡K© gv-evev‡`i ÁvZ _vKv Myi“Z¡c–Y©|
'Digital Bangladesh' means digitalizing
Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available
on line and where all possible tasks of the government and other non-government
or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The benefits of
Digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh,
corruption will be absolutely eradicated. It will save people's time and money
and will make people more enterprising. It will connect people with the whole
world economically, politically, socially, academically and even culturally. It
will modernize banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health,
education, commerce all these sectors will be highly benefited by making
Bangladesh a digital one. The government has to take certain initiatives for
implementing this dream. First of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be
ensured. We have to develop computer network infrastructures throughout the
country. We also have to train our people to acquire ICT skill and ensure
equitable access to digital governance services by all strata of the society.
It will be no exaggeration if we say that the implementation of a digital
Bangladesh can help our country make progress in all sectors by leaps and
bounds. It is hoped that Bangladesh will be fully digitalised by 2041. (Words : 203)
wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k
wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Gi A_© ICT wfwËK mgvR
wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k‡K wWwRUvjvBR Kiv, †hLv‡b Ab-jvB‡b Z_¨vw` cvIqv hv‡e
Ges †hLv‡b wWwRUvj cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i miKvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ †emiKvix ev Avav miKvix
cÖwZôvb mg–‡ni mKj KvR m¤•bœ Kiv n‡e| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki DcKvwiZv A‡bK| hw`
Avgiv wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j `yb©xwZ m¤•–Y©iƒ‡c `–ixf‚Z n‡e|
GUv gvby‡li mgq Ges A_© i¶v Ki‡e Ges gvbyl‡K AviI D`¨gx Ki‡e| GUv RbMb‡K mviv we‡k¦i
m‡½ A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, bxwZMZ Ges GgbwK mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e mshy³ Ki‡e| GUv
e¨vswKs I A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vejx‡K AvaywbKvqb Ki‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K wWwRUvj Kivi gva¨‡g
K…wl, ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v, evwYR¨- Gme kvLvMy‡jv LyeB DcK…Z n‡e| G ¯^cœ‡K ev¯@evqb
Ki‡Z miKvi‡K wKQy f‚wgKv ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖ_gZ AwewNœZ we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†`ke¨vcx Kw¤•DUvi †bUIqv‡K©i AeKvVv‡gvi Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i RbMb‡K ICT `¶Zv AR©‡b
cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z n‡e Ges mgv‡Ri mKj ¯@‡i wWwRUvj kvmb †mev †cuŠQv‡bvi wbi‡c¶
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv ej‡j AZ‚¨w³ n‡e bv †h wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k ev¯@evqb
Avgv‡`i †`k‡K mKj kvLvq `ª“Z MwZ‡Z DbœwZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Avkv Kiv hvq †h 2041
mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`k m¤•–Y©iƒ‡c wWwRUvj n‡e|
Importance of
Reading Newspaper
Reading newspaper is a good habit which
provides us to know a lot of essential things of home and abroad. People read
them for both pleasure and information. A politician can learn about political
situations. An economist and a businessman can be aware of the economy and
business. People interested in sports and games can learn about the
sports-world. Students can also learn many things from the pages of newspapers
that fulfill their thirst for knowledge. The film fans go through the cinema
page to get the thrill of the showbiz world. From the advertisement column the
job seekers and traders get useful hints and details. In fact, by reading
newspapers we can be up-to-date and we need it in order to face the competitive
changing world. However, sometimes a newspaper misleads people. Some of the
newspapers publish news supporting political parties. Sometimes they write
columns to gain benefits from the ruling party. For this, misunderstanding
takes place and many unexpected incidents happen. So, we can say that though a
newspaper has some disadvantages, it has a lot of advantages too. On the whole,
newspaper reading is a very good habit. In order to keep ourselves up-to-date
with news and views, we should read newspaper daily (Words :
208)
msev`cÎ
cv‡Vi Myi“Z¡
msev`cÎ cvV GKwU fv‡jv Af¨vm hv Avgv‡`i‡K †`k we‡`‡ki AmsL¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| RbMY Avb›` I Z‡_¨i Rb¨ Zv cvV K‡i| GKRb
ivRbxwZwe` ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cv‡i| GKRb A_©bxwZwe` Ges GKRb e¨emvqx
A_©bxwZ I e¨emv m¤•‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i| µxov I †Ljvayjvq AvMÖnx †jv‡Kiv µxov RMr
m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v_©xivI msev`c‡Îi cvZv †_‡K A‡bK wKQy Rvb‡Z cv‡i hv Zv‡`i
Ávb Z…òv m¤•–Y© K‡i| Pjw”PÎvbyivMxiv wm‡bgvi cvZv c‡o wPË we‡bv`‡bi †ivgvÂ
Dc‡fvM K‡i| weÁvc‡bi Kjvg n‡Z PvKzwi cÖv_©x Ges e¨emvqxiv cÖ‡qvRbxq Bw½Z I wek`
Z_¨ cvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶, msev`cÎ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Avgiv nvj bvMv` n‡Z cvwi Ges
cÖwZØw›ØZvc–Y© cwieZ©bkxj wek¦ †gvKv‡ejvq GUv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb| hv †nvK msev`cÎ
gv‡S gv‡S RbMb‡K weåvš@ K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv msev`cÎ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mg_©‡b msev`
cwi‡ekb K‡i| gv‡S gv‡S Zviv ¶gZvmxb `‡ji wbKU myweav AR©‡bi Rb¨ msev` cwi‡ekb
K‡i| G Kvi‡Y fzj eySveywSi m„wó nq Ges A‡bK AbvKvw¸¶Z NUbv N‡U| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z
cvwi †h wKQy Amyweav _vKv m‡Ë¡I msev`c‡Îi A‡bK myweavI Av‡Q| †gv‡Ui Dci,
msev`cÎ cov GKwU Lye fv‡jv Af¨vm| PjwZ msev` I gZvg‡Zi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
AeMZ ivL‡Z Avgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b msev`cÎ cov DwPZ|
A winter morning
is both enjoyable and distressful. It is naturally a very cold morning. There
is dense fog all around. Sometimes the fog is so dense that the sun rays can't
get through it. Nothing can be seen even at a little distance. Everything looks
hazy. The sun seems to rise late. Dew drops fall at night. When the morning sun
peeps, they look like glittering gold on grasses and leaves. It is pleasant to the
rich but curse to the poor. The poor village people and the slum dwellers in
cities suffer greatly for want of warm clothes. Farmers have to go to the
fields with their materials. The workers of low classes have to go to their
workplace in the morning. In the villages, children and old people gather straw
and make fires to warm themselves. The old people bask in the sun or warm themselves beside
fireplace. In the village market, some people come to sell 'date juice'. The
scenery of towns is totally different from villages. The people of the town get
up from bed a bit late. They also enjoy
the winter morning. Thus a winter morning is not only enjoyable but also
distressful to people. (Words : 202)
kx‡Zi mKvj
kx‡Zi mKvj Dc‡fvM¨ I Kó`vqK DfqB| GwU cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Lye VvÊv GKwU
mKvj| Pvwiw`‡K Nb Kzqvkv weivR K‡i| gv‡S gv‡S Kzqvkv G‡Zv Nb nq †h m–‡h©i Av‡jv
GUv †f` Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| GgbwK mvgvb¨ `–‡ii †Kv‡bv wKQyI †`Lv hvq bv| mewKQyB
Kzqvkv”Qbœ †`Lvq| m–h© †`wi‡Z D‡V e‡j g‡b nq| iv‡Z wkwki c‡o| mKv‡j hLb m–h©
DuwK †`q ZLb wkwki we›`yMy‡jv‡K Nvm Ges cvZvi Dci PKPK Kiv ¯^‡Y©i g‡Zv †`Lvq|
GwU abx‡`i Rb¨ Avb›``vqK wKš‘ `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ Awfkvc ¯^iƒc| MÖv‡gi `wi`ª †jvKRb
Ges kn‡ii ew¯@evmxiv Mig Kvc‡oi Afv‡e LyeB hš¿Yv †fvM K‡i| K…lK‡`i‡K Zv‡`i
cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ wb‡q gv‡V †h‡Z nq| wbæ‡kÖwYi kÖwgK‡`i‡K mKv‡j Zv‡`i Kg©‡¶‡Î
†h‡Z nq| MÖv‡g wkkyiv Ges e„× †jv‡Kiv Lo GKÎ K‡i wb‡R‡`i‡K Dò Kivi Rb¨ AvMyb
R¡vjvq| e„× †jv‡Kiv †iv` †cvnvq wKsev AwMœKz‡Êi cv‡k e‡m wb‡R‡`i Dò K‡i| MÖv‡gi
evRv‡i wKQy †jvK Ô†LRy‡ii imÕ wewµ Ki‡Z Av‡m| kn‡ii `„k¨ MÖv‡gi `„k¨cU †_‡K
m¤•–Y©B Avjv`v| kn‡ii †jv‡Kiv wKQyUv †`wi‡Z weQvbv †_‡K D‡V| ZvivI kx‡Zi mKvj
Dc‡fvM K‡i| ZvB kx‡Zi mKvj †jvKR‡bi wbKU kyaygvÎ Avb›``vqKB bq Kó`vqKI e‡U|
A stormy night is
very horrible for the rural people and especially those living in thatched huts
of our country. Last year I had a terrible and devastating experience of a
stormy night. It was the Bangla month of Baishakh. One day in the afternoon, I
went to a local market with my uncle to buy fish and other things. The day was
very hot. All on a sudden, the wind dropped and the weather became uncanny. The
northern sky began to grow dark and a big cloud began to move fast towards the
south. My uncle told me to follow him fast. Within a few minutes there were
heavy lightning and thunderbolts along with storm. By that time, the whole area
was completely dark and nothing was
clearly visible. But the light of frequent lightning was making everything
clear to see. Before my own eyes I saw a big jackfruit tree being uprooted. It
made a great cracking sound. After a while we reached home and took shelter in
our sitting room. The storm continued for two hours. After a period of massive
devastation, the storm subsided. Many a
day has passed but I can never forget the memory of the stormy night. (Words :
204)
GKwU S‡oi ivZ
GKwU
S‡oi ivZ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki MÖvg¨ †jvK‡`i we‡kl K‡i hviv L‡oi Kzu‡oN‡i evm K‡i Zv‡`i
Rb¨ LyeB fqven| MZ eQi Avgvi GKwU S‡oi iv‡Zi fqven Ges wech©qKi AwfÁZv n‡qwQj|
GUv wQj evsjv ˆekvL gvm| GKw`b we‡K‡j Avwg Avgvi PvPvi mv‡_ gvQ Ges Ab¨vb¨
wRwbm wKb‡Z ¯’vbxq GKwU evRv‡i wM‡qwQjvg| w`bwU Lye Dò wQj| nVvr evZv‡mi MwZ
K‡g †Mj Ges AvenvIqv f‚Zz‡o g‡b nj| Dˇii AvKvk AÜKvi n‡q DV‡Z kyi“ Kij Ges
GKwU eo ai‡bi †gN `w¶Y w`‡K Lye `ª“Z †h‡Z kyi“ Kij| Avgvi PvPv `ª“Z Zuv‡K
AbymiY Ki‡Z ej‡jb| wKQy mg‡qi g‡a¨ weRjx PgKv‡Z kyi“ Kij Ges eRªcvZmn So kyi“
nj| †mB mgq mg¯@ GjvKv m¤•–Y©iƒ‡c AÜKvi n‡q DVj Ges †Kv‡bv wKQyB ¯•ófv‡e †`Lv
hvw”Qj bv| wKš‘ Nb Nb weRjxi Av‡jv‡Z mewKQy ¯•ófv‡e †`Lv hvw”Qj| Avgvi †Pv‡Li
mvg‡b †`Ljvg GKwU eo KuvVvj MvQ Dc‡o †d‡j‡Q| GwU Lye Zx¶¥ AvIqvR K‡iwQj| wKQy¶Y
ci Avgiv evwo †cuŠQjvg Ges Avgv‡`i emvi N‡i AvkÖq wbjvg| So `yNÈv hver P‡jwQj|
wKQy mg‡qi cÖKvÊ aŸsmh‡Ái ci So †_‡gwQj| A‡bK w`b AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q wKš‘ †m iv‡Zi
S‡oi ¯§„wZ KL‡bv fzj‡Z cvwi bv|
A rainy day is a day on which it rains
in torrents continuously. The day is dull and gloomy. The sky remains cloudy
all day long. The sky is not seen. Sometimes it rains heavily; sometimes it
drizzles and sometimes gusts of wind blow. The heavy downpour is
associated with roars of thunder,
flashes of lightning and stormy wind. Nobody can go out without an umbrella.
Water stands on roads and roads become muddy and slippery. Sometimes people
slip and fall on the muddy road. Rivers, tanks and canals swell up. Roads and
paths become muddy and impassable. Many people walk along the road with shoes
in hand and clothes folded up. A rainy day is bad for poor people. The day
labourers cannot go to work. So they don't earn any money and may remain unfed.
Students enjoy a holiday at home. The rich people who have no urgent work enjoy
the day at home. They entertain themselves with rich dishes like bhuna
khichuri, polao etc. The rain washes away dirt and dust and makes the soil
soft. The farmers can prepare the fields for sowing seeds. Thus, though a rainy
day has some negative aspects, it has positive effects too. However, a rainy
day is not pleasant at all. (Words : 210)
GKwU e„wói w`b
e„wói w`b n‡”Q Ggb GKwU w`b †hw`b AbeiZ cÖejavivq e„wócvZ nq|
w`bwU †gNv”Qbœ I AÜKvi _v‡K| mvivw`b AvKvk †gNv”Qbœ _v‡K| AvKvk †`Lv hvq bv|
gv‡S gv‡S fvix el©Y nq, gv‡S gv‡S Myuwo Myuwo e„wó nq Ges gv‡S gv‡S `gKv nvIqv
cÖevwnZ nq| cÖPzi e„wócv‡Zi mv‡_ eRªcv‡Zi MR©b, weRjxi SjKvwb I S‡ov nvIqvI hy³
nq| QvZv Qvov †KD evB‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv| iv¯@vq cvwb R‡g hvq Ges iv¯@vNvU K`©gv³ I
wcw”Qj n‡q hvq| gv‡S gv‡S †jv‡Kiv cv wcQ‡j K`©gv³ iv¯@vq c‡o hvq| b`x, cyKzi,
Lvj cvwb‡Z f‡i hvq, iv¯@vNvU Ges c_ K`©gv³ nq Ges cvi nIqv `yiƒn n‡q c‡o| A‡bK
†jvK RyZv nv‡Z wb‡q Ges Kvco fuvR K‡i iv¯@v w`‡q †nu‡U hvq| e„wói w`b Mwie
†jvK‡`i Rb¨ `yie¯’vi| w`bgRy‡iiv Kv‡R †h‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zviv A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv, d‡j Zv‡`i‡K Afz³ _vK‡Z nq| wk¶v_©xiv evwo‡Z QywUi w`b wn‡m‡e w`bwU‡K
Dc‡fvM K‡i| abx †jv‡Kiv hv‡`i †Kv‡bv Myi“Z¡c–Y© KvR _v‡K bv Zviv evwo‡Z †_‡K
w`bwU Dc‡fvM K‡i| Zviv e¨qeûj Lvevi †hgb fzbv wLPzwo, †cvjvI BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
wb‡R‡`i cwiZ…ß K‡i| e„wó gqjv AveR©bv ay‡q wb‡q hvq Ges gvwU big K‡i| K…l‡Kiv
exR ec‡bi Rb¨ gvV cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB, hw`I e„wói w`‡bi wKQy †bwZevPK w`K
i‡q‡Q, Gi BwZevPK w`KI Av‡Q| hv †nvK, e„wói w`b †gv‡UI myLKi bq|
Last winter I went on a picnic which
was full of enjoyment. We went to the National Park. Some of my classmates
arranged the picnic. We were fifteen in number. We hired a microbus earlier.
Within half an hour we got out of the city.
We were all singing inside the micro. At last at about 10 am, we reached
the grand spot. After reaching we finished our breakfast. We did not take any
cook with us. Two of our classmates Rana and Kamal took the charge of cooking.
Sohel and I dug a small hole to make a
temporary cooker. We all started helping Rana and Kamal. Some of our friends
fetched water from nearby sources. Others helped to prepare onion, garlic and
other spices. At about half past 1 pm, the dish was ready. Everyone felt quite
hungry. So, I started serving the prepared food. There were polao, roast, beef,
salad etc. We finished our feast and retired to rest for about half an hour.
One of our friends recited a great poem of Jibanananda Das. Ripon presented a
joke on a voracious eater. Sumon who is a good singer presented two songs of
Nazrul. We started for home at 5 pm after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic
most and it is really a memorable day for me. (Words
: 222)
GKwU eb‡fvRb hv Avwg Dc‡fvM
K‡iwQjvg
MZ kx‡Z Avwg
eb‡fvR‡b wM‡qwQjvg hv wQj Avb‡›` fiv| Avgiv RvZxq D`¨v‡b wM‡qwQjvg| Avgvi wKQy
mncvVx eb‡fvR‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡iwQj| Avgiv msL¨vq c‡b‡iv Rb wQjvg| Avgiv Av‡MB GKwU
gvB‡µvevm fvov K‡iwQjvg| Avav NÈvi g‡a¨B Avgiv bMi †cwi‡q †Mjvg| Avgiv mevB
gvB‡µvev‡mi g‡a¨ Mvb Mvw”Qjvg| Ae‡k‡l Avgiv mKvj 10 Uvq Mš@‡e¨ †cuŠQvjvg|
†cuŠ‡Q Avgiv mKv‡ji bv¯@v †kl Kijvg| Avgiv mv‡_ †Kv‡bv eveywP© †bBwb| ivbv I
Kvgvj bv‡g Avgv‡`i `yBRb mncvVx ivbœvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQj| GKwU A¯’vqx Pzjv ˆZwi
Ki‡Z †mv‡nj Ges Avwg GKwU †QvU MZ© Lyu‡owQjvg| ivbv I Kvgvj‡K Avgiv mvnvh¨ Kiv
kyi“ K‡iwQjvg| Avgvi wKQy eÜz wbKU¯’ Drm †_‡K cvwb G‡bwQj| Ab¨iv †cuqvR, imyb
Ges Ab¨vb¨ gkjv ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj|
cÖvq 1:30 wgwb‡U Lvevi cÖ¯‘Z n‡qwQj| cÖ‡Z¨‡K Lye ¶zavZ© wQj| ZvB Avwg
cÖ¯‘ZK…Z Lvevi cwi‡ekb Kiv kyi“ Kijvg| †cvjvI, †iv÷, Mi“i gvsm, mvjv` cÖf…wZ wQj|
Avgiv †fvR †kl Kijvg Ges cÖvq Avav NÈvi Rb¨ wekÖvg wbjvg| Avgv‡`i GKRb eÜz
Rxebvb›` `v‡ki GKwU KweZv Ave„wË K‡iwQj| wicb GKRb †cUz‡Ki Ici GKwU †KŠZzK
Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQj| mygb †h wKbv GKRb fv‡jv MvqK †m bRi“‡ji `ywU Mvb †M‡qwQj| Pv
†L‡q Avgiv cuvPUvq evwoi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv w`jvg| Avgiv eb‡fvRb Lye Dc‡fvM K‡iwQjvg
Ges GwU mwZ¨B Avgvi Rb¨ GKwU ¯§iYxq w`b wQj|
Hobby is a pleasant pastime. It means a
favourite occupation of a man. But it is not his main business. Gardening is my
favourite hobby which gives me much
pleasure at my leisure. I have a small garden in front of our house. I work
there in the morning and evening. I have planted many kinds of flower plants in
my garden. I also grow vegetables there. In the morning I water the plants,
make the soil loose and weed out the grass of my garden. Every afternoon or
evening, I spend half an hour in the garden. I take care of the plants, water
them again and also repair the fence if damaged. The rose, the beli, the
sheuli, the dahlia etc. grow in my garden. When the flowers bloom, my joys know
no bounds. On holidays, I work longer in my garden. Sometimes my friends,
neighbours and relatives visit my garden. They become very glad to see my
garden and appreciate my work very much. Gardening gives me recreation and
amusement. It makes me forget my worries and anxieties. It relieves me from my
routine bound work. Thus I get much pleasure from my hobby which is the most
valuable thing. (Words : 203)
Avgvi kL
kL GKUv g‡bvig AeKvk hvcb| GUv GKRb †jv‡Ki wcÖq †ckv| wKš‘ GUv
Zvi cÖavb †ckv/e¨emv bq| evMvb Kiv Avgvi wcÖq kL hv Avgv‡K Aemi mg‡q A‡bK Avb›`
†`q| Avgv‡`i evwoi mvg‡b Avgvi GKwU †QvU evMvb Av‡Q| Avwg †mLv‡b mKv‡j I mܨvq
KvR Kwi| Avwg Avgvi evMv‡b A‡bK cÖKv‡ii dz‡ji Pviv jvwM‡qwQ| Avwg †mLv‡b
kvKmewRI Drcv`b Kwi| mKv‡j Avwg PvivMy‡jv‡Z cvwb †`B, gvwU AvjMv Kwi Ges Avgvi
evMv‡bi Nvm Zz‡j †dwj| cÖ‡Z¨K Acivý ev mܨvq Avwg AvavNÈv evMv‡b KvUvB| Avwg
PvivMy‡jvi hZœ †bB, evievi Zv‡`i cvwb †`B Ges ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡j †eov †givgZ Kwi|
Avgvi evMv‡b †Mvjvc, †ejx, wkDjx, Wvwjqv cÖf…wZ dzj †dv‡U/R‡š§| dzj †dvU‡j
Avgvi Avb‡›`i mxgv _v‡K bv| QywUi w`‡b Avwg evMv‡b AwaKZi mgq KvR Kwi| gv‡S
gv‡S Avgvi eÜzevÜe, cÖwZ‡ekx I AvÍxqiv Avgvi evMvb †`L‡Z Av‡m| Zviv Avgvi evMvb
†`‡L Lye Lywk nq Ges Avgvi Kv‡Ri Lye cÖksmv K‡i| evMvb Kiv Avgv‡K we‡bv`b I
Avb›` †`q| GUv Avgvi `ytL I `ywðš@v fzwj‡q †`q| GUv Avgvi QK euvav KvR †_‡K
Avgv‡K cÖkvwš@ †`q| Gfv‡e Avwg Avgvi kL n‡Z Avb›` cvB hv me‡P‡q g–j¨evb wRwbm
Since the dawn of civilization man has
a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship with trees. As such,
trees play an important role in our life and economy. Planting trees is a noble
work as trees and plants supply oxygen, the most vital thing for our survival.
Besides, they are a great source of food and vitamins. Trees also provide us
with fruits, flowers and timber for furniture. They give shade and shelter to
many people. They make the land fertile and save land from erosion. They
attract rains, prevent drought, control flood and maintain ecological balance.
All these things will be hampered, if there is lack of sufficient trees. Now a
days, Bangladesh has been facing drought, excessive rainfall and floods because
of tremendous shortage of her forests. We should therefore, make it a point to
plant more trees than we cut down. Plenty of seedlings and saplings need to be
planted on both sides of roads and in the unused barren lands around our
houses. It is impossible to describe the importance and uses of trees in words.
They are a part and parcel of our day to day life. In fact, tree plantation is
necessary for the maintenance of ecological balance. (Words : 206)
e„¶/e„¶‡ivcY
mf¨Zvi
ElvjMœ †_‡K cÖK…wZi mv‡_ gvby‡li GKwU Mfxi m¤•K© i‡q‡Q| gvbyl Mv‡Qi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡
ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| MvQ Avgv‡`i Rxeb Ges A_©bxwZ‡Z Myi“Z¡c–Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| e„¶‡ivcY
GK gnr KvR †h‡nZz MvQcvjv Aw·‡Rb mieivn K‡i hv Avgv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Lye
Myi“Z¡c–Y© e¯‘| GQvov Zviv Lv`¨ I wfUvwg‡bi eo Drm| MvQ Avgv‡`i dj, dzj Ges
Avmevec‡Îi Rb¨ KvV †`q| Zviv A‡bK †jvK‡K Qvqv I AvkÖq †`q| Zviv f‚wg De©i K‡i
Ges ¶q nIqv †_‡K Rwg i¶v K‡i| Zviv e„wó NUvq I Liv cÖwZ‡iva K‡i, eb¨v wbqš¿Y
K‡i Ges cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i| GB mewKQy ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡e, hw` h‡_ó cwigvY Mv‡Qi
Afve _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b cÖPzi eb NvUwZi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k Liv, AwZwi³ e„wócvZ Ges eb¨vi
m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i MvQ KvUvi PvB‡Z †ewk K‡i MvQ jvMv‡Z n‡e| iv¯@vi Dfq
cv‡k Ges cyKzi cv‡oi cÖavb c‡_ Ges Avgv‡`i evwoi Pvicv‡k Ae¨eüZ Abye©i Rwg‡Z
cÖPzi Pviv I PvivMvQ †ivcY Ki‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi Myi“Z¡ I e¨envi eY©bv fvlvq cÖKvk
Am¤¢e| Zviv Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| cwi‡k‡l, cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vi
Rb¨ e„¶‡ivcY AZ¨vek¨K|
A library is a
part and parcel of an educational institution. We are really proud of having a
very rich library in our college. Our college library is a great attraction for
us. It is said that a library is a storehouse of knowledge which can help a man
to satisfy his desire for knowing the unknown. Our college library has also a
very rich collection of books on various subjects namely novels, fictions,
story books, poetry books, plays, autobiographies and periodicals- all arranged
in a systematic way in our well decorated library. Books on religion and sports
are also available here. Our college library is housed on the 2nd
floor of our academic building. Attached to the library there is a well
furnished reading room for the students and the teachers. A pin drop silence
prevails in the reading room. An efficient and well qualified librarian handles
the activities of the library. He is assisted by three peons who are very
expert in finding out books to the readers. There exists a calm, quiet and
serene atmosphere in our library. Books
are issued against library cards. In fact, our college library is a part and
parcel of our college life. (Words : 201)
Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMvi
jvB‡eªwi GKwU wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R
GKwU LyeB mg„× cvVvMvi _vKvq Avgiv LyeB Mwe©Z| Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMvi Avgv‡`i Rb¨
GK weivU AvKl©Y| cvVvMvi‡K ÁvbfvÛvi ejv n‡q _v‡K hv GKRb †jvK‡K Zvi ARvbv‡K
Rvbvi B”Qv/ AvMÖn †gUv‡bvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMv‡iI wewfbœ wel‡qi
†hgb Dcb¨vm, AjxK Kvwnbx, M‡íi eB, KweZvi eB, bvUK, RxebKvwnbx Ges BwZnvm,
`k©b, mvwnZ¨ cÖf…wZ eB‡qi GK wekvj m¤¢vi Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i mymw¾Z cvVvMv‡i wbqgZvwš¿K
c×wZ‡Z mw¾Z mvgwqK cwÎKv, g¨vMvwRb I †cwiIwWK¨vjmI Av‡Q| GLv‡b ag©xq I
†Ljvayjvi eBI cvIqv hvq| Avgv‡`i GKv‡WwgK fe‡bi 2q Zjvq Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMviwU
Aew¯’Z| wk¶v_©x Ges wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ cvVvMv‡ii m‡½ mshy³ GKwU mymw¾Z covi Ni Av‡Q|
covi NiwU‡Z wcbcZb wb¯@äZv weivR K‡i| GKRb `¶ I mywkw¶Z MÖš’vMvwiK/jvB‡eªwiqvb
cvVvMv‡ii Kvh©vejx cwiPvjbv K‡ib| cvVK‡`i wbKU eB Lyu‡R †c‡Z wZb Rb AZ¨š@ `¶
wcqb Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avgv‡`i cvVvMv‡i kvš@, wbS©ÄvU I †Kvjvnjgy³ cwi‡ek
weivRgvb| jvB‡eªwi Kv‡W©i eive‡i eB Bmy¨ Kiv nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶, Avgv‡`i K‡jR cvVvMvi
Avgv‡`i K‡jR Rxe‡bi GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask|
Patriotism, an
inherent quality in a man, is one of the noblest virtues. It means love for and
devotion to one’s country. It inspires a man to do everything just and fair for
the well-being of the country. Love for one’s own country purifies one’s mind,
removes the narrowness of heart and helps one to be selflessly inspired.
Patriotic zeal makes a man dutiful, energetic and enthusiastic. Patriotism
teaches a man fellow feeling, fraternity and love and sympathy for countrymen.
A patriot does not hesitate even to sacrifice his own life for the cause of his
country. A true patriot is a selfless lover of his country. So, he is praised
and honoured by his countrymen. On the other hand, an unpatriotic man is
self-centred. So, he is hated by all. He may have high titles, immense wealth,
high social prestige and noble birth, but despite his worldly achievement, he
remains a worthless person. An unpatriotic man dies a double death. On the contrary,
a patriot is immortal and remains in the hearts of the people even to face any
odd challenge as fleeing or trivial. Titumir, Tipu Sultan, Isa Khan, Khudiram,
Surja Sen, Pritilata set up glaring examples of patriotism in this
sub-continent. (Words : 204)
†`k‡cÖg
†`k‡cÖg,
hv gvby‡li GKwU mnRvZ MyY, Zv gnËg MyYvejxi Ab¨Zg| Gi gv‡b wbR †`‡ki cÖwZ KviI
fv‡jvevmv I fw³| GwU GKRb gvbyl‡K †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Y mewKQy b¨vqm½Zfv‡e I ¯^”Qiƒ‡c
Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| wbR †`‡ki Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv KviI gb‡K wbg©j K‡i, ü`‡qi msKxY©Zv
`–i K‡i Ges KvD‡K wbt¯^v_©fv‡e DØy× n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †`k‡cÖ‡gi DÏxcbv gvbyl‡K
`vwqZ¡kxj, Kg©kw³m¤•bœ I Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| †`k‡cÖg GKRb gvbyl‡K eÜzfve,
åvZ…Z¡‡eva Ges †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv I mnvbyf‚wZ †kLvq| GKRb †`kÖ‡cÖwgK
Zvi †`‡ki Rb¨ GgbwK Zvi wbR Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡ZI BZ¯@Z K‡i bv| mwZ¨Kvi †`k‡cÖwgK
Zvi †`‡ki GKRb wbt¯^v_© †cÖwgK| ZvB wZwb Zvi †`kevmx Øviv cÖkswmZ I m¤§vwbZ nb|
Ab¨w`‡K, GKRb †`k‡cÖgewR©Z †jvK Av͇Kw›`ªK nq| ZvB †m mK‡ji N„Yvi cvÎ nq| Zvi
D”P †LZve, cÖPzi ab-m¤•`, D”P mvgvwRK gh©v`v I D”P esk _vK‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zvi
RvMwZK AR©b m‡Ë¡I †m g–j¨nxb e¨w³B †_‡K hvq| †`k‡cÖgewR©Z †jv‡Ki `yÕevi g„Zz¨
nq| wecix‡Z, GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK Agi Ges GgbwK g„Zz¨i ciI wZwb gvby‡li ü`‡q weivR
K‡ib| wZZzgxi, wUcy myjZvb, Ckv Luv, ¶zw`ivg, m–h©‡mb, cÖxwZjZv G Dcgnv‡`‡k
†`k‡cÖ‡gi D¾¡j `„óvš@ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
A national flag is
the symbol of independence and sovereignty of a free country. Every free nation
of the world has its own national flag. Similarly, Bangladesh has also a
national flag as she is an independent and sovereign country. Bangladesh got
this national flag on December 16, 1971 after a nine-month long valiant
struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupied Pakistani army. The
flag is rectangular in size having a proportion of 10 : 6. There are two
colours in our national flag – bottle green and red. The green colour of our
flag stands for everlasting youth, freshness and vigour of the nation. It also
symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The deep red round colour part symbolizes
the rising sun of independence. It also stands for the supreme sacrifices of
our heroic freedom fighters who laid down their lives for the cause of their
motherland. The flag is hoisted everyday on top of government buildings,
educational institutions and offices. It is hoisted everywhere on the
Independence Day and the Victory Day. Besides, it is hoisted half mast on
national and international mourning days. Whenever we see our national flag
flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. We feel proud of
our national flag. (Words : 211)
RvZxq cZvKv
RvZxq
cZvKv GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖZxK| we‡k¦i cÖwZwU ¯^vaxb
iv‡ó«i wbR¯^ RvZxq cZvKv i‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e evsjv‡`‡kiI RvZxq cZvKv Av‡Q KviY
GwU GKwU ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg †`k| `Lj`vi cvwK¯@vbx †mbv‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i exi
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i bq gvme¨vcx exiZ¡c–Y© msMÖv‡gi ci 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`k
GB RvZxq cZvKv jvf K‡i| cZvKvwU AvqZvKvi hvi AbycvZ 10 : 6| Avgv‡`i RvZxq
cZvKvq `yÕwU is Av‡Q- Mvp meyR I jvj| Avgv‡`i cZvKvi meyR iO RvwZi wPi †hŠeb,
m‡ZRZv I DÏxcbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki meyR k¨vgwjgviI cÖZxK| Mvp jvj
e„ËvskwU ¯^vaxbZvi D`xqgvb m–‡h©i cÖZxK| GwU Avgv‡`i exi gyw³‡hv×v, huviv
gvZ…f‚wgi Rb¨ Zuv‡`i Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuv‡`i m‡e©v”P AvÍZ¨vM‡KI †evSvq|
cZvKvwU miKvix feb, wk¶vcÖwZôvb I wewfbœ Kvh©vj‡qi Qv‡` cÖwZw`b Dov‡bv nq|
¯^vaxbZv w`em I weRq w`e‡m GwU me©Î D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| cvkvcvwk, ivó«xq I
Avš@R©vwZK †kvK w`em My‡jv‡Z GwU Aa©bwgZ ivLv nq| hLbB Avgiv Avgv‡`i RvZxq
cZvKv Do‡Z †`wL, Avgv‡`i gb Avb‡›` f‡i I‡V Ges ü`q M‡e© dz‡j I‡V| Avgiv Avgv‡`i
RvZxq cZvKv wb‡q Me©‡eva Kwi|
The habit of early rising provides a
lot of benefits to the early riser. It is really a very good habit for a human
being. A man who rises early in the morning can from many other good habits.
All these good habits can lead him or her to the zenith of success. It is of
special use to a man in various ways. It is essential for maintaining good
health. Firstly, an early riser can take some exercises daily or a walk in the
morning fresh air by the river side or in the open field. The morning air full
of oxygen refreshes his body and mind. Secondly, he can enjoy the calm and
serene atmosphere everywhere. Thirdly, he can enjoy the beauty of nature full
of colourful flowers, green fields and the chirping of birds. All these make an
early riser cheerful and healthy. Fourthly, he can start his daily work earlier
without any worry or haste. Thus he gets enough time to work, earn more and
become wealthy. The habit of early rising reminds everybody of the creator and
one feels like praying to God. Thus he becomes wise. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health, wealth and wisdom.
(Words : 206)
†fv‡i IVv
†fv‡i Nyg †_‡K IVvi Af¨vmwU hviv mKvj mKvj Nyg n‡Z I‡V Zv‡`i Rb¨
A‡bK myweavi KviY nq| GwU mwZ¨B GKRb gvby‡li Rb¨ Lye fv‡jv GKwU Af¨vm| GKRb
e¨w³ †h Lye mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K I‡V, Ab¨vb¨ fv‡jv Af¨vm MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB mKj fv‡jv
Af¨vm Zv‡K mvd‡j¨i kx‡l© wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœfv‡e G Af¨vm GKRb gvby‡li we‡kl
Kv‡R jv‡M| my¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ GwU Avek¨K| cÖ_gZ, †fv‡i IVv GKRb †jvK
b`xZx‡i wKsev duvKv gv‡V mKv‡ji gy³ evZv‡m †ivR e¨vqvg Ki‡Z wKsev nuvU‡Z cv‡i|
Aw·‡Rbc–Y© mKv‡ji evZvm Zvi kixi I gb‡K m‡ZR K‡i| wØZxqZ, †m me©Î kvš@ cwi‡ek
Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z…ZxqZ, †m iwOb dzj, meyR gvV I cvwLi Wv‡K fiv cÖK…wZi
†mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| GmewKQy †fv‡i IVv GKRb †jvK‡K cyjwKZ I ¯^v¯’¨evb K‡i
†Zv‡j| PZz_©Z, †m †Kv‡bv `ywðš@v wKsev wØav QvovB Zvi w`‡bi KvR AviI ZvovZvwo
kyi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e †m Kv‡Ri h‡_ó mgq cvq, AwaK A_© DcvR©b K‡i Ges m¤•`kvjx
n‡q I‡V| †fv‡i IVvi Af¨vm cÖ‡Z¨K‡K m„wóKZ©vi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q Ges GKRb e¨w³
mªóvi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z AvMÖn‡eva K‡i| Gfv‡e †m Ávbx n‡q I‡V| ZvB †fv‡i IVvi
Af¨vm ¯^v¯’¨, m¤•` I Áv‡bi Drm|
There are many
causes of sound pollution having harmful effects on human body and mind. Sound
pollution occurs when the vibration of sound is harsh, sharp and unpleasant to
the ears. Acute sound pollution occurs in towns, cities and industrial areas.
There are many causes of sound pollution. Enormous growth of human population
and increasing use of machines in industrial works are among the main causes of
sound pollution. Hydraulic horns and whistles of different motor vehicles
plying on the roads also cause serious sound pollution. The grinding sounds of
mills and factories also contribute to sound pollution to a great extent.
Listening to music using microphones and loudspeakers, beating various kinds of
drums, shouting of slogans on the roads also cause serious harmful sound
pollution. Sound pollution causes many fatal diseases like heart attack, hyper
tension, blood pressure, deafness etc. The normal growth of the children and
the patients in hospitals are greatly affected by sound. Unmelodious and
discontented sound often hinders the students to concentrate on their studies.
It is man and the environment that can avert sound pollution for a healthy and
happy life. The responsible authority of the government should take proper
steps to reduce sound pollution to the limit of tolerance. (Words : 206)
kã `–lY
kã `–l‡Yi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q hv gvby‡li gb I kix‡i ¶wZKi cÖfve
†d‡j| k‡ãi K¤•b hLb kyb‡Z kÖ“wZKUz, KK©k Ges Am‡š@vlRbK nq ZLbB kã `–lY N‡U
_v‡K| Zxeª kã `–lY kni, bMi I wkí GjvKvq msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| kã `–l‡Yi A‡bK KviY
i‡q‡Q| RbmsL¨vi gvÎvwZwi³ e„w×, wkív‡j h‡š¿i AwZwi³ e¨envi kã `–l‡Yi cÖavb
KviY| iv¯@vq PvwjZ wewfbœ †gvUi Mvwoi nvB‡WªvwjK nY© I ûB‡mjI Zxeª kã `–l‡Yi
KviY| Kj-KviLvbv †_‡K m„ó kã kã `–l‡Yi †cQ‡b eûj cwigv‡Y `vqx| gvB‡µv‡dvb I
jvDWw¯•Kv‡i Mvb †kvbv, wewfbœ ai‡bi Wªvg evRv‡bv, †kÐvMv‡bi wPrKvi BZ¨vw`I kã
`–l‡Yi ¶wZKi KviY n‡q _v‡K| kã `–lY nvU© A¨vUvK, D”P i³Pvc, ewaiZv BZ¨vw`i gZ
gvivÍK †iv‡Mi KviY n‡q _v‡K| wkky‡`i ¯^vfvweK e„w× I nvmcvZv‡j †ivMxiv kã `–lY
Øviv ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡q _v‡K| kÖ“wZKUz I Am‡š@vlRbK kã cÖvqB wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡kvbvq
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z evav m„wó K‡i _v‡K| gvbyl I cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v ¯^v¯’¨Ki I myLx
Rxeb hvc‡bi Rb¨ kã `–lY wbeviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡cÖvß KZ…©c‡¶i DwPZ kã
`–lY mn¨ mxgvq bvwg‡q Avb‡Z h_vh_ c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv|
E-learning
or electronic learning refers to using electronic applications and processes to learn. E-learning applications
and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. Content
is delivered via the internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape,
satellite TV, and CD-ROM. E-learning was first called "Internet-based
training then "Web-Based Training". Today we will still find these
terms being used. E-learning can be CD-ROM-based, network-based, intranet-based or internet-based. It
can include text, video, audio, animation and virtual environments. It can be a
very rich learning experience that can even surpass the level of training we
might experience in a crowded classroom. It's self-paced, hands-on learning.
The quality of the electronic-based training, as in every form of training, is
in its content and its delivery. E-learning can suffer from many of the same
pitfalls as classroom training, such as boring slides, monotonous speech, and
little opportunity for interaction. The beauty of e-learning, however, is that
new software allows the creation of very effective learning environments that
can engulf us in the material. We'll use software from Trainersoft as an
example to show us how the process works. E-learning is such a process through
which we can learn many things staying at home. So we should receive the
blessings of this method. (Words : 210)
B-jvwb©s
B-jvwb©s A_ev B‡jKUªwbK jvwb©s ej‡Z wk¶v AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ B‡jKUªwbK
A¨vwcЇKkbm I cÖ‡mm mg–‡ni e¨envi‡K †evSvq| B-jvwb©s A¨vwcЇKkbm& I
cÖ‡mmmg–n I‡qe-wfwËK wk¶v, Kw¤•DUvi-wfwËK wk¶v, fvPz©qvj †kÖYxK¶mg–n I wWwRUvj
mn‡hvwMZvq wk¶vmg–n‡K Aš@fz©³ K‡i| wk¶vi welqe¯‘ B›Uvi‡bU, BbUªv‡bU/ G·Uªv‡bU,
AwWI A_ev wfwWI †Uc, m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf Ges CD-ROM Gi mvnv‡h¨ we¯@„Z| B-jvwb©s‡K
cÖ_‡g ÒB›Uvi‡bU wfwËK AbykxjbÓ I c‡i ÒI‡qe-wfwËK AbykxjbÓ ejv n‡Zv| AvRI Avgiv
GB mg¯@ e¨eüZ Uv‡g©i †LuvR K‡i _vwK| B-jvwb©s CD-ROM-wfwËK, †bUIqvK©-wfwËK,
BbUªv‡bU-wfwËK A_ev B›Uvi‡bU-wfwËK n‡Z cv‡i| GUv †U·U, wfwWI, AwWI, A¨vwb‡gkb Ges fvPz©qvj cwi‡ekmg–n‡K Aš@fz©³ K‡i|
GUv n‡Z cv‡i A‡bK DbœZ gv‡bi wk¶Y AwfÁZv hv Avgv‡`i Rbeûj †kÖYxK¶mg–‡ni
cÖwk¶Y AwfÁZvi ch©vq‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi Av‡Q wbR¯^-MwZgqZv, nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq
wk¶v| B‡jKUªwbK-wfwËK cÖwk¶‡Yi gvb †hb mg¯@ cÖwk¶‡Yi MVb I welqe¯‘i gvb‡K Zz‡j
a‡i| B-jvwb©s †kÖYxK‡¶ cÖwk¶‡Yi gZ GKB weåvwš@‡Z Avµvš@ n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi g‡a¨
weiw³Ki úvBWmg–n, GK‡N‡qwgc–Y© e³…Zv Ges mvgvb¨ wg_w¯Œqvi my‡hvM Ab¨Zg| hv †nvK
B-jvwb©s Gi †mŠ›`h© n‡”Q bZzb bZzb mdUIq¨vi hv Avgv‡`i‡K LyeB Kvh©Ki wk¶Y
cwi‡e‡ki m„wói cÖwZ DØy× K‡i hv Avgv‡`i‡K wk¶vi mg¯@ Dcv`vb wgwkÖZ K‡i c–Y©Zv
†`q| GB cÖwµqvwU wKfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv Avgiv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cixw¶Z mdUIq¨vi
e¨envi K‡i †`L‡ev| B-jvwb©s Ggb GKwU c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g Avgiv N‡i e‡m A‡bK wKQy
wkL‡Z cvwi| ZvB Avgv‡`i GB c×wZi Avkxe©v` MÖnY Kiv DwPZ|
Global warning is one of the most
talked topics of the present world. There are many reasons of global warming
around the world and it has disastrous effects on us. Greenhouse effect is the
main cause of global warming. The rise in the atmospheric temperature is known
as greenhouse effect. Our atmosphere is
guarded by an ozone layer which resists the entrance of ultra-violet rays from the sun. But
deforestation around us and the increased amount of carbon dioxide, methane and
chloro fluoro carbons affect that layer. The heat of the sun enters directly
into the atmosphere of the earth. Scientists are worried about this increased
heat because it is melting the ice in the polar-regions. If this process
continues for a long time, the layer of water in the oceans will rise and flood
coastal areas and farm lands of Bangladesh. besides,
this will reduce mankind's ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wild life and wilderness. So,
greenhouse effect is the main cause of global warming along with deforestation
and rise of CFC gas. So, in order to solve this problem we have to prevent or
reduce the amount of emission of greenhouse gases. We should give it the
highest importance to save the world. (Words
: 207)
ˆewk¦K DòZv
ˆewk¦K DòZv eZ©gvb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwPZ welqMy‡jvi GKwU|
mvivwe‡k¦ ˆewk¦K DòZvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q Ges Avgv‡`i Dci Gi me©bvkv djvdj i‡q‡Q|
MÖxbnvDR cÖfve ˆewk¦K DòZvi cÖavb KviY| evqygÊj msµvš@ ZvcgvÎvi e„w×B MÖxbnvDR
cÖfve bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avgv‡`i evqygÊj I‡Rvb¯@i Øviv myiw¶Z hv m–‡h©i Avëªv
fv‡qv‡jU iwk¥i cÖ‡e‡k cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki e„¶wbab Ges Kve©b
WvBA·vBW, wg‡_b Ges †K¬v‡iv-†d¬v‡iv Kve©‡bi e„w× †mB ¯@i‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| m–‡h©i
Zvc c„w_exi evqygʇj mivmwi cÖ‡ek K‡i| weÁvbxiv GB Zvc e„w×i Kvi‡Y DwØMœ KviY
GwU †gi“ A‡ji eid‡K Mwj‡q †dj‡Q| hw` GB cÖwµqv eûw`b Pj‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j mvM‡ii
cvwbi ¯@i e„w× cv‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKv I K…wl Rwg cÐvweZ n‡e|
ZvQvov GwU gvby‡li Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡bi ¶gZv‡K n«vm Ki‡e, eb¨ Rx‡ei gvivÍK aŸsm I
¶wZ Ki‡e| myZivs MÖxbnvDR cÖfve e„¶wbab I wmGdwm M¨v‡mi e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ ˆewk¦K
DòZvi cÖavb KviY| myZivs GB mgm¨v mgvavb K‡í Avgv‡`i MÖxbnvDR M¨vm wbM©gb
cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z ev Kgv‡Z n‡e| c„w_ex‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i DwPZ GwU‡K m‡e©v”P Myi“Z¡
†`Iqv|
Street
accident is the most vulnerable, unexpected, intolerable incident in human
life. It usually happens in a sudden happy moment and turns the happiness into
sorrow and sufferings. Nowadays, Bangladesh becomes one of the most accident
prone countries where generally, this bad incident happens mostly. It generally
takes place on the High Streets, where all the vehicles are always in a hurry.
All on a sudden, this busy road turns to a pathetic place holding some dead and
injured. Street accident caused this kind of unexpected incident but if we find
the reasons of this, then, at first the ignorance of traffic rules is found.
Always we ignore the traffic rules as if we love to do it and it causes
accident. Most of the vehicles are nearly damaged but they are on road, the
drivers are not well trained and not sincere to their duty etc. Because of
these above mentioned reasons, street accident usually happens. So people lose
their life, the most valuable thing, property and so many important things. And
to solve this, some attempts should be taken by the government and individual
alike. Making the traffic rules strict, we should make people aware of it and
in all, individual should take care of these rules and maintain it. (Words : 212)
moK `yN©Ubv
moK `yN©Ubv n‡”Q gvby‡li Rxe‡b me‡P‡q Ac–iYxq, AcÖZ¨vwkZ, Amnbxq
NUbv| GwU mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv myLx mg‡q N‡U Ges GB myL‡K `ytL Ges `y`©kvq cwiYZ K‡i|
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k `yN©UbvcÖeY †`kMy‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg, †hLv‡b me‡P‡q †ewk GB Akyf
NUbv N‡U _v‡K| GwU mvaviYZ gnvmoKMy‡jv‡Z msNwUZ nq, †hLv‡b mKj cÖKvi hvbevnb
memgq `ª“ZMwZ‡Z P‡j _v‡K| nVvr GB moK wKQy g„Z Ges AvnZ‡`i Ki“Y ¯’v‡b cwiYZ nq|
moK `yN©Ubv GB iKg AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbvi KviY| wKš‘ Avgiv hw` Gi KviY Lyu‡R †`L‡Z hvB
ZLb cÖ_‡gB cv‡ev UªvwdK Gi AÁZv| memgq Avgiv UªvwdK AvBb f½ Kwi †hb Avgiv GUv
Ki‡Z fv‡jvevwm Ges Gi Kvi‡YB `yN©Ubv N‡U| †ewkifvM hvbevnbB cÖvq ¶wZMÖ¯@ wKš‘
Zviv mo‡KB Av‡Q, PvjKMY mwVKfv‡e cÖwk¶Y cÖvß bq Ges Zviv Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri cÖwZ
g‡bv‡hvMx bq| mvaviYZ Dc‡i D‡jÐwLZ KviYMy‡jvi Kvi‡Y moK `yN©Ubv N‡U| ZvB gvbyl
Zv‡`i cÖvY, g–j¨evb wRwbm, m¤•` Ges Av‡iv A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm nvivq| Gi
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ miKvi Ges e¨w³MZfv‡e wKQy c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| UªvwdK AvBb K‡Vvi K‡i
Avgiv RbMY‡K G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb Ki‡Z cvwi Ges m‡e©vcwi, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki G AvBbMy‡jv
m¤•‡K© mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
Mr. IRFAN is my most favourite teacher. He teaches us
English. He has a unique quality to teach English. He presents his lesson in
the class in a fantastic way that attracts all students. His nice pronunciation
and art of speaking make the students spell-bound to give full attention to his
lecture. But he is very easy and lucid in his expression. He is quite active in
the classroom with his movements and sayings. He gives us many valuable
suggestions. Students always become active participants of his class. He usually shares
his own ideas and views with the students through instructions and
interrogations. He has an extra-ordinary ability to explore the potentials of
students. He never discourages his students by attacking them on any ground. It
is his most uncommon quality that students praise significantly. He is always
regular and punctual in his classes. He makes his lessons very easy and
interesting. With an extra-ordinary depth of knowledge in his subject he is an
excellent teacher. He is honest, sincere and responsible and with all his good
qualities he has become a great personality. In fact, his greatness has created
a sense of inspiration to me. Now I often dream to be a teacher in future like
him. Truly I like my teacher so much. (Words : 219)
Avgvi wcÖq wk¶K
Rbve Bidvb Avgvi
me‡P‡q wcÖq wk¶K| wZwb Avgv‡`i Bs‡iwR covb| Zvi Bs‡iwR cov‡bvi GK Ac–e© aib
i‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi cvV‡K †kÖYxK‡¶ G‡Zv PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib hv Zvi mKj
wk¶v_©x‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i| Zvi my›`i D”PviY Ges K_v ejvi fw½ wk¶v_©x‡`i gš¿gy» K‡i
Zvi wk¶v`v‡b c–Y© g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi Awfe¨w³‡Z LyeB mij I ¯^”Q| wZwb
†kÖYxK‡¶ Zvi Pjv‡div I evPbfw½‡Z cwic–Y©iƒ‡c mwµq| wZwb Avgv‡`i‡K A‡bK g–j¨evb
Dc‡`k cÖ`vb K‡ib| wk¶v_©xiv me©`v Zvi K¬v‡m AskMÖn‡Y mwµq _v‡K| wZwb mvaviYZ
Zvi wbR¯^ aviYv I gZvgZ wb‡`©kbv I cÖkœ †Rivi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i m‡½ fvMvfvwM
K‡ib| wk¶v_©x‡`i myß cÖwZfv weKvk mva‡b Zvi we‡kl ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| GwU Zvi me‡P‡q
AmvaviY MyY hv Zvi wk¶v_©xiv we‡klfv‡e cÖksmv K‡i| wZwb Zvi †kÖYxK‡¶ me©`v
wbqwgZ I mgqvbyewZ©| wZwb Zvi cvV‡K LyeB mnR I gRvi ˆZwi K‡ib| wZwb Zvi wel‡qi
Áv‡bi GK we¯§qKi MfxiZv wb‡q GKRb DrK…ó wk¶Kiƒ‡c cwiwPZ| mr, AK…wÎg Ges
`vwqZ¡kxj cÖf…wZ mKj fv‡jv MyYvejxi Rb¨ wZwb Avgv‡`i K‡j‡Ri GKRb we‡kl e¨w³‡Z¡
cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| g–jZ, Zvi gnZ¡ Avgvi gv‡S GK ai‡bi Drmv‡ni m„wó K‡i‡Q| GLb Avwg
cÖvqB fwel¨‡Z Zvi g‡Zv GKRb wk¶K nIqvi ¯^cœ †`wL| mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Avwg Avgvi
wk¶K‡K Lye fv‡jvevwm|
There
are several popular festivals in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is mainly a Muslim
country. But there are other religious groups living in the country as well.
They are Hindus, Christians, Buddhists. Of course, a number of tribal people
live in different areas of the country. There is no trace of division among the
groups. Each group of people enjoys the same kind of social and national
identity, that is, Bangladeshi. They have equal rights to the state facilities.
The lifestyle of all the groups is almost the same irrespective of their
religious identity. This unique relationship is reflected on how they celebrate
their respective religious festivals. People of one religious group participate
in the religious festival of other religious groups and enjoy it. Even in most
cases one group assists the people of other groups in arranging their
festivals. It happens especially when people of small religious groups arrange
their religious festivals. For example, when the Hindu community arranges their
Puja festivals, a lot of Muslims and other religious groups join them. The
Hindus and other religious groups also enjoy the Eid festival of the Muslims.
When the Christians arrange their Christmas, people of other religious groups
participate in the festival and enjoy greetings to each other. So the festivals
are commonly popular in Bangladesh. (Words : 214)
evsjv‡`‡ki Drmemg–n
evsjv‡`‡k c„_K wKQy RbwcÖq Drme i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k g–jZ GKwU gymwjg
†`k| wKš‘ GLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq RbmvaviYI emevm K‡i| Zviv n‡jv wn›`y, wLªóvb,
†eŠ×| Aek¨ wKQy msL¨K Avw`evmx †`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq emevm K‡i| G mKj m¤•Ö`v‡qi
g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv we‡f` Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji †jvKRbB GKB ai‡bi mvgvwRK Ges
RvZxq cwiPq Dc‡fvM K‡i, hv n‡jv evsjv‡`wk| ivó«xq my‡hvM-myweavq Zv‡`i mgvb
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| mKj m¤•Ö`v‡qi RbM‡Yi Rxebaviv Zv‡`i ag©xq cwiwPwZ Abyhvqx GKB| GB
Ac–e© m¤•‡K©i cÖwZ”Qwe dz‡U I‡V Kxfv‡e Zviv ¯^ ¯^ ag©xq Abyôvb D`hvcb K‡i| GK
ag©xq `j Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq `‡ji ag©xq Abyôvb/Drm‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Ges Dc‡fvM K‡i| GgbwK
cÖvq me †¶‡ÎB GK m¤•Ö`v‡qi RbMY Ab¨ m¤•Ö`v‡qi RbM‡Yi Drme Av‡qvRb Kivq mvnvh¨
ev mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| GwU N‡U we‡klZ hLb ¶z`ª ag©xq `jxq RbMY Zv‡`i ag©xq Drm‡ei
Av‡qvRb K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, hLb wn›`y m¤•Ö`vq Zv‡`i c–Rv Drme Av‡qvRb K‡i A‡bK
gymwjg Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq `jxq †jvK Zv‡`i m‡½ †hvM`vb K‡i| wn›`y Ges Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq
†jvK I gymwjg‡`i C` Drme Dc‡fvM K‡i| hLb wLªóvbiv Zv‡`i wµ÷gvm Av‡qvRb K‡i,
Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq †jvK/RbMY GB Drm‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Ges G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ ky‡f”Qv wewbgq
K‡i| myZivs, DrmeMy‡jv evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYfv‡e RbwcÖq|
A
teacher is one who proves herself/himself very much useful and ideal to the
students. Actually a good teacher possesses a number of good qualities. She/he
is a person of great learning. She/he appears before the students as a great
personality with immense knowledge in various subjects of interest. Students
usually take her/him with great respect and confidence. As she/he builds up the
career of the young generation, she/he must be very much loving to them. A good
teacher is always curious about the students. She/he finds out the creative
sides of the students and stirs their potentialities. She/he never likes
passive students in the classroom. She/he always tries to stimulate students so
that they contribute to the development of the class activities. By making them
competent and happy with their lessons a good teacher makes them confident of
their worth. She/he wants to make her/his students skilled in practical
application of the lessons. She/he undergoes various academic and
administrative training courses and equips herself/ himself with necessary
resources and efficiencies. A good teacher is an asset to the society. She/he
plays the most important role to build the nation. So a good teacher should be
duly honoured and properly placed in the society. (Words : 217)
GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K
GKRb wk¶K wZwb whwb Zvi wk¶v_©x‡`i wbKU wb‡R‡K LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq
Ges Av`k© wn‡m‡e cÖKvk K‡ib| g–jZ GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K fv‡jv MyYvejx aviY K‡ib| wZwb
weØvb e¨w³| wZwb wewfbœ wel‡q Acwi‡gq Áv‡bi GKRb gnvb e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e wk¶v_©x‡`i
wbKU Avwef‚©Z nb| wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡K we‡kl m¤§vb I Av¯’vi mwnZ MÖnY K‡i| †h‡nZz
wZwb hye m¤•Ö`v‡qi RxweKvR©‡bi aviv ˆZwi K‡ib, †m‡nZz Zv‡`i mevi Kv‡Q Zvi
wcÖq/MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqv DwPZ| GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K me©`v wk¶v_©x‡`i wel‡q/m¤•‡K© DrmyK|
wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i m„Rbkxj w`KMywj Lyu‡R †ei K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i m¤¢vebvgq w`KMywj‡K
D‡ËwRZ K‡ib| wZwb †kÖwYK‡¶ KL‡bv wbw®Œq wk¶v_©x cQ›` K‡ib bv| wZwb me©`v
wk¶v_©x‡`i DÏxß Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib, hv‡Z Zviv †kÖwYK‡¶i Kvh©vejxi DbœqbK‡í AskMÖnY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K Zvi wk¶v`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †hvM¨ I Lywk K‡i wZwb Zvi
†hvM¨Zvi cÖwZ Zv‡`i Av¯’vevb K‡i †Zv‡jb| wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i Zvi Aa¨v‡q ev¯@e
e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g `¶ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z Pvb| wZwb wewfbœ cÖvwZôvwbK I cÖkvmwbK cÖwk¶Y
MÖnY K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤•` I `¶Zvq mymw¾Z K‡ib| GKRb fvj wk¶K mgv‡Ri
GKwU m¤•`| wZwb RvwZ MV‡b AZ¨š@ g–j¨evb
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| myZivs GKRb fv‡jv wk¶K cwic–Y©iƒ‡c m¤§vwbZ Ges Zv‡`i‡K mgv‡Ri
mwVK/wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b emv‡Z n‡e|
Greenhouse effect is the curse of global warming.
The rise in atmospheric temperature is known as the greenhouse effect. Our
atmosphere is guarded by an ozone layer which resists the entrance of
ultra-violet rays from the sun. The ultra-violet ray is very harmful for the
environment. But deforestation around us and the increased amount of carbon
dioxide, methane and chloro-floro carbons affect that layer. As a result the
heat of the sun enters directly into the atmosphere of the earth. This
situation is making the worlds warmer and causing climate change throughout the
world. Scientists are worried about this increased heat because it is melting
the ice in the polar regions (†gi“ AÂj). If this process continues
for a long time, the layer of water in the oceans will rise and flood coastal
areas and farm lands of Bangladesh will go under water. besides, this will reduce mankind's ability to grow food,
destroy or severely damage wild life and wilderness. So, for making our dear
earth safe, we should plant as many trees as possible. We have to prevent or
reduce the amount of emission of green house gases. Everybody should take part
to make a safe world. United efforts are essential to solve this global
problem. (Words : 205)
MÖxbnvD‡Ri
cÖfve
MÖxbnvD‡Ri cÖfve n‡”Q ˆewk¦K DòZvi Awfkvc| evqygÊjxq ZvcgvÎv
e„w×B MÖxbnvDR cÖfve bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avgv‡`i evqygÊj I‡Rvb¯@i Øviv myiw¶Z, hv
m–‡h©i AwZ‡eMybx iwk¥i AbycÖ‡ek cÖwZnZ K‡i| AwZ‡eMybx iwk¥ cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ AZ¨š@
¶wZKi| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i Av‡kcv‡k ebwbab Ges ewa©Z cwigvY Kve©b-WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b Ges
†K¬v‡ivd¬z‡iv Kve©b H ¯@i‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| d‡j m–‡h©i Zvc mivmwi c„w_exi evqygʇj
cÖ‡ek K‡i| GB cwiw¯’wZ c„w_ex‡K DËß Ki‡Q Ges wek¦Ry‡o Rjevqyi cwieZ©b NUv‡”Q|
weÁvbxiv GB ewa©Z Zv‡ci e¨vcv‡i kw¼Z KviY GwU †gi“ A‡ji eid Mwj‡q w`‡”Q| GB
cÖwµqv hw` `xN©Kvj e¨vcx Pj‡Z _v‡K Z‡e mgy‡`ªi cvwbi ¯@i e„w× cv‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
DcK‚jxq AÂj Ges K…wlRwg cvwbi wb‡P Zwj‡q hv‡e| GQvovI GwU gvbeRvwZi Lv`¨ Drcv`b
¶gZv Kwg‡q w`‡e, eb¨cÖvYx Ges Dce‡bi aŸsm Ges Myi“Zifv‡e ¶wZ Ki‡e| ZvB Avgv‡`i
wcÖq c„w_ex‡K wbivc` evbv‡bvi Rb¨ hZ †ewk m¤¢e Avgv‡`i MvQ †ivcY Kiv DwPZ|
Avgv‡`i MÖxbnvDR M¨vm wbM©gb cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z I Kgv‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wbivc` c„w_ex
M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ AskMÖnY Kiv DwPZ| GB ˆewk¦K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm
Acwinvh©|
A
street hawker is a person who hawks various things by moving from one street to
another. He is a familiar figure in cities and towns; even he is seen in
villages. He carries his goods on head, in hands or in a small hand-cart. A
street hawker usually sells toys, sweets and other things. He also sells
bangles, ribbons, clothes, fancy goods and things of domestic use for women.
His main customers are children and women. He is very clever. He can convince
his customers with his tactful words. He buys his goods at a cheap rate and
sells them at a good profit. He knows it very well when to come out to sell his
things. He comes out when the male persons are outside the homes and the women
are free from their household works/ chores. He makes a good profit by selling
his goods to children and women because he can deceive them easily. He attracts
the attention of his customers by speaking in different ways. He may be cunning
but his usefulness to children and women cannot be ignored. He bring many
necessary things at our door. Although he is useful to them and he works hard,
he leads a miserable life. (Words : 207)
†dwiIqvjv
GKRb †dwiIqvjv n‡”Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³, †h GK iv¯@v n‡Z Ab¨ iv¯@vq
wewfbœ cY¨`ªe¨ †dwi K‡i †eovq| †m kni Ges gd¯^‡ji GKwU cwiwPZ gyL; GgbwK Zv‡K
MÖv‡gI †`Lv hvq| †m Zvi cY¨`ªe¨ gv_vq, nv‡Z A_ev †Qv‡Uv †VjvMvwo‡Z enb K‡i|
GKRb †dwiIqvjv mvaviYZ †Ljbv, wgwó Ges Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy weµq K‡i| †m gwnjv‡`i
Rb¨ nv‡Zi Pzwo, wdZv, Kvco, †kŠwLb cY¨`ªe¨ Ges mvsmvwiK A‡bK wKQyI weµq K‡i|
Zv‡`i cÖavb †µZv n‡”Q wkky Ges gwnjviv| †m Lye PZzi| †m Zvi †KŠkjx K_vevZ©v
w`‡q †µZv‡`i‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i| †m m¯@vq Zvi cY¨`ªe¨ µq K‡i AwaK gybvdvq Zv weµq
K‡i| †m Lye fv‡jv K‡i Rv‡b †h KLb Zv‡K cY¨`ªe¨ weµq Kivi Rb¨ †ei n‡Z n‡e| †m
†ei nq hLb cyi“l m`m¨iv Zv‡`i N‡ii evB‡i _v‡K Ges gwnjviv Zv‡`i N‡ii KvRKg© †kl
K‡i Aemi nq| †m wkky Ges gwnjv‡`i Kv‡Q Zvi cY¨`ªe¨ e¨vcK gybvdvq weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i
KviY †m Lye mn‡RB Zv‡`i †auvKv w`‡Z cv‡i| †m wewfbœfv‡e K_v e‡j Zvi †µZv‡`i
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i| †m PZzi n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ wkky Ges gwnjv‡`i Kv‡Q Zvi Acwinvh©Zv
Gov‡bvi g‡Zv bq| hw`I †m Zv‡`i Rb¨ `iKvix Ges K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i, ZeyI †m
`y`©kvMÖ¯@ Rxebhvcb K‡i| †m A‡bK cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm Avgv‡`i Øv‡i wb‡q Av‡m|
World
Heritage Sites in Bangladesh
A
World Heritage Site is a place (natural or cultural) recognised by the
international community in the shape of the World Heritage Convention declared
by UNESCO in 1972. It is historically and geographically important. It
possesses an universal value and it is a collective responsibility of the
world's people to preserve it. Bangladesh is a small country. Though a small
country, Bangladesh has three World Heritage Sites : the historic Shatgombuj
Mosque of Bagerhat, the ruins of the Buddhist Vihar at Paharpur and the
Sundarbans. The
Shatgombuj Mosque is a 15th Century Islamic edifice. It is an enormous Moghul
architectural site covering a very large area. It has sixty pillars, which
support seventy seven exquisitely curved domes. The Buddhist Vihar at Paharpur
was founded in the 7th century. Its layout is perfectly adapted to its
religious function. It is the largest single Buddhist monastery (gV) in the Indian subcontinent. It was declared a
World Heritage Site in 1986. The Sundarbans is the 52nd World Heritage Site in
the world. It is a mangrove forest and it is famous for its natural beauty. The
world famous Royal Bengal Tiger lives in this forest. It has a peaceful
atmosphere. It is renowned for its great variety of wild life. These are our
pride. We should be aware of our duties and responsibilities regarding the
World Heritage Sites. (Words : 223)
evsjv‡`‡k
wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vbmg–n
Iqvì© †nwi‡UR mvBU n‡”Q 1972 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v †NvwlZ Iqvì© †nwi‡UR
Kb‡fbk‡bi Av‡jv‡K Avš@R©vwZK m¤•Ö`vq Øviv ¯^xK…Z GKwU ¯’vb (cÖvK…wZK wKsev
mvs¯‹…wZK)| GwU HwZnvwmK Ges †fŠ‡MvwjKfv‡e Myi“Z¡c–Y©| Gi c„w_exe¨vcx g–j¨ Av‡Q
Ges G‡K i¶v Kiv cy‡iv we‡k¦i gvby‡li mvgwMÖK `vwqZ¡| evsjv‡`k GKwU ¶z`ª †`k|
¶z`ª †`k n‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki wZbwU wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vb i‡q‡Q : ev‡Minv‡Ui HwZnvwmK
lvUM¤^yR gmwR`, cvnvocy‡ii aŸsmcÖvß †eŠ× wenvi Ges my›`ieb| lvUM¤^yR gmwR` n‡”Q
15k kZ‡Ki BmjvwgK AÆvwjKv| GwU GKwU e¨vcK RvqMv we¯@„Z gyNj ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi
e„n`vKvi wb`k©b| Gi lvUwU ¯@¤¢ Av‡Q, hv AZ¨š@ my›`ifv‡e mvZvËiwU euvKv‡bv
M¤^y‡Ri fvi enb K‡i| cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ× wenvi mßg kZvãx‡Z ¯’vwcZ nq| ag©xq Kv‡Ri
K_v gv_vq †i‡L Gi ¯’vcbv cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z GKgvÎ Ges
me‡P‡q eo †eŠ× gV| GwU 1986 mv‡j wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vb wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ nq| my›`ieb
we‡k¦i HwZn¨evnx ¯’vbmg–‡ni g‡a¨ 52 Zg| GwU GKwU g¨vb‡MÖvf eb Ges GwU Gi
cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i Kvi‡Y weL¨vZ| wek¦L¨vZ i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi GB e‡b evm K‡i| Gi
cwi‡ek LyeB kvwš@c–Y©| GwU eb¨cÖvYxi ˆewPΨZvi Kvi‡Y cÖwm×| GMy‡jv Avgv‡`i Me©|
wek¦ HwZn¨evnx ¯’vbmg–‡ni cÖwZ Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i m‡PZb
nIqv DwPZ|
May
1st is International Workers' Day. This day commemorates the historic struggle
of working people. The events of May 1, 1886 is a reminder that workers will
continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better
working conditions, better pay and better lives. In Chicago on May 3, 1886
police fired at the workers who were on strike demanding 8 hours working period
a day, a minimum wage and safety laws. Since then, May Day has been observed
almost all over the world. This day is also observed in Bangladesh in a
befitting manner. This is a national holiday. The trade unions and general
workers organize seminar, symposium or discussion meetings. They pay homage to
the May Day martyrs who laid down their lives for realizing the rights of the
working people. The newspapers and journals bring out special supplements
highlighting the significance of the day. The BTV & the Radio put up
special programs on the occasion. Different labour organizations chalk out
elaborate programs to observe the day. People from different walks of life
observe May Day and recall the sacrifices of the workers in 1886. We encourage
our workers to build the country. We express solidarity and unity with the
toiling people of the world. (Words : 212)
†g w`em
1jv †g n‡”Q Avš@R©vwZK kÖwgK w`em| GB w`bwU kÖwgK‡`i HwZnvwmK
msMÖv‡gi ¯§„wZ i¶v K‡i| 3†g 1886 mv‡j wkKv‡Mv‡Z cywjk kÖwgK‡`i Dci Mywj el©Y
K‡i hviv 8 NÈvi Kg©w`em, b–¨bZg gRywi Ges wbivcËv AvBb-Gme `vwe‡Z Ae‡iva cvjb
KiwQj| ZLb †_‡K, cÖvq mgMÖ we‡k¦B †g
w`em cvjb Kiv nq| GB w`bwU evsjv‡`‡kI h_vh_ gh©v`vq cvjb Kiv nq| w`emwU GKwU
RvZxq QywUi w`b| †UªW BDwbqbmg–n Ges mvaviY kÖwgKiv Av‡jvPbv mfv,
m‡¤§jb ev Av‡jvPbv P‡µi Av‡qvRb K‡i| Zviv †g w`e‡m knx`‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©b K‡i
huviv kÖwgK‡`i AwaKv‡ii welqwU‡K Abyaveb K‡i wb‡R‡`i Rxeb‡K DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb|
w`emwUi Zvrc‡h©i Dci Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i msev`cÎ I mvgwqKxMy‡jv we‡kl †µvocÎ cÖKvk
K‡i| evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb I evsjv‡`k †eZvi w`emwU‡K wN‡i we‡kl Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i
_v‡K| wewfbœ kÖgRxwe msMVb w`bwU‡K cvjb Kivi Rb¨ w`be¨vcx Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i|
wewfbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi gvbyl †g w`em cvjb K‡i Ges 1886 mv‡j kÖwgK‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi
welqwU‡K ¯§iY K‡i| Avgiv Avgv‡`i kÖwgK‡`i †`k‡K MVb Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kwi|
mvivwe‡k¦i mKj †gnbwZ gvby‡li mv‡_ Avgiv msnwZ I GKvÍZv cÖKvk Kwi|
Rohingya refers to
the refugees from the Rakhine state of Myanmar who have fled to Bangladesh
during the ethnic cleansing by the Myanmar Army. The govt of Myanmar with the
security forces has oppressed Rohingya people and as per the statement of the
United Nations, they were facing genocide at Myanmar. It was 2017 when they
start to leave their houses and fled to Bangladesh for shelter. These refugees
are known as Rohingya. Though Bangladesh has shown utmost humanity at them and
gave shelter to over 1 million Rohingya people who are currently living in
different camps in Bangladesh. But this caused many problems at the same time.
As their camps are very congested, it is very tough to live for them. There is
no good arrangement for sanitation and other necessities. Rohingyas are living
a pity life. The government of Bangladesh has already discussed several times
with the international agencies and Myanmar govt to retrieve the Rohingya
people with honor and dignity. But Myanmar govt doesn’t seem to care for them
as they are not accepting the citizenship of Rohingyas. From the very
beginning, it is being told that the Rohingyas aren’t the lawful citizen of
Myanmar rather they belong to Bangladesh. It has now become a severe problem
for Bangladesh as Rohingyas are fleeing away from the camps and getting
involved in different criminal activities. As they are living a miserable life
in the refugee camps, they are being sick very often. Moreover, they are giving
birth to thousands of children who will be tough to send back to Myanmar. They
are also causing a great problem for our people and environment. Though
different international humanitarian organizations have visited the place and
suggested a quick shift of the Rohingyas, Myanmar govt didn’t take any such
steps. Our govt also lacks diplomatic capability in this issue and this is why
Rohingyas are not going back to their country. But this situation shouldn’t
last long. Otherwise, it can cause greater problems for our people. Both the
govt should discuss this issue and bring a compatible solution so that the
Rohingya people can go back to their home and it should be done very carefully.
The international community also should raise its voice to solve this problem
as it has now become an international issue. We hope this Rohingya problem will
be solved soon and our people will go back to their normal lifestyle which is
very much affected by these Rohingya refugees.
বাংলাদেশে রোহিঙ্গা সংকট
রোহিঙ্গা মিয়ানমারের রাখাইন রাজ্য থেকে আগত শরণার্থীদের
বোঝায় যারা মিয়ানমার সেনাবাহিনীর দ্বারা জাতিগত নির্মূলের সময় বাংলাদেশে পালিয়ে
এসেছিল। সুরক্ষা বাহিনী নিয়ে মিয়ানমারের সরকার রোহিঙ্গা জনগণকে নিপীড়ন করেছে এবং
জাতিসংঘের বিবৃতি অনুসারে তারা মিয়ানমারে গণহত্যার মুখোমুখি হয়েছিল। ২০১ 2017 সালে
যখন তারা তাদের বাড়িঘর ছেড়ে পালাতে শুরু করে এবং আশ্রয়ের জন্য বাংলাদেশে পালিয়ে
যায়। এই শরণার্থীরা রোহিঙ্গা নামে পরিচিত। যদিও বাংলাদেশ তাদের প্রতি চূড়ান্ত মানবতা
দেখিয়েছে এবং বর্তমানে বাংলাদেশের বিভিন্ন শিবিরে বসবাসকারী 10 মিলিয়ন রোহিঙ্গাকে
আশ্রয় দিয়েছে। তবে এটি একই সাথে অনেক সমস্যার সৃষ্টি করে। যেহেতু তাদের শিবিরগুলি
খুব জঞ্জাল, তাই তাদের পক্ষে বেঁচে থাকা খুব শক্ত। স্যানিটেশন এবং অন্যান্য প্রয়োজনীয়
সামগ্রীর জন্য এখানে কোনও ভালো ব্যবস্থা নেই। রোহিঙ্গারা করুণার জীবন কাটাচ্ছে। বাংলাদেশ
সরকার ইতোমধ্যে আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থা ও মিয়ানমার সরকারের সাথে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণকে সম্মান
ও মর্যাদার সাথে পুনরুদ্ধার করতে বেশ কয়েকবার আলোচনা করেছে। তবে মিয়ানমার সরকার রোহিঙ্গাদের
নাগরিকত্ব গ্রহণ করছে না বলে তাদের যত্ন নেবে বলে মনে হচ্ছে না। প্রথম থেকেই বলা হচ্ছে
যে রোহিঙ্গারা মিয়ানমারের বৈধ নাগরিক নয় বরং তারা বাংলাদেশের। রোহিঙ্গারা ক্যাম্প
থেকে দূরে পালিয়ে বিভিন্ন অপরাধমূলক কর্মকাণ্ডে জড়িত হওয়ায় এটি এখন বাংলাদেশের
জন্য একটি মারাত্মক সমস্যা হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। যেহেতু তারা শরণার্থী শিবিরে দুর্দশাগ্রস্থ
জীবন যাপন করছে, তাই তারা প্রায়শই অসুস্থ হয়। অধিকন্তু, তারা হাজার হাজার শিশুকে
জন্ম দিচ্ছে যাদের মিয়ানমারে ফেরত পাঠানো কঠিন হবে। এগুলি আমাদের জনগণ এবং পরিবেশের
জন্যও একটি বড় সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করছে। যদিও বিভিন্ন আন্তর্জাতিক মানবিক সংস্থা এই স্থানটি
পরিদর্শন করেছে এবং রোহিঙ্গাদের দ্রুত স্থানান্তরিত করার পরামর্শ দিলেও মিয়ানমার সরকার
এ জাতীয় পদক্ষেপ নেয়নি। আমাদের সরকারেরও এই ইস্যুতে কূটনৈতিক সামর্থ্যের অভাব রয়েছে
এবং এ কারণেই রোহিঙ্গারা তাদের দেশে ফিরে যাচ্ছে না। তবে এই পরিস্থিতি দীর্ঘস্থায়ী
হওয়া উচিত নয়। অন্যথায়, এটি আমাদের মানুষের জন্য আরও বৃহত্তর সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করতে
পারে। সরকারের উভয়কেই এই বিষয়টি নিয়ে আলোচনা করা উচিত এবং একটি সুসংগত সমাধান আনতে
হবে যাতে রোহিঙ্গারা তাদের বাড়িতে ফিরে যেতে পারে এবং এটি খুব সাবধানতার সাথে করা
উচিত। আন্তর্জাতিক সম্প্রদায়েরও উচিত এই সমস্যাটি সমাধানের জন্য তার স্বর উত্থাপন
করা কারণ এটি এখন একটি আন্তর্জাতিক ইস্যুতে পরিণত হয়েছে। আমরা আশা করি শিগগিরই এই
রোহিঙ্গা সমস্যা সমাধান হবে এবং আমাদের মানুষ তাদের স্বাভাবিক জীবনযাত্রায় ফিরে যাবে
যা এই রোহিঙ্গা শরণার্থীদের দ্বারা খুব বেশি ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ হয়েছে।
মন্তব্যসমূহ
একটি মন্তব্য পোস্ট করুন
irfan171097.mi@gmail.com