CHANGING SENTENCE BY IRFAN SIR

 

CHANGING

SENTENCE

BY IRFAN SIR

 

 

 

 

 

     

†hfv‡e cÖkœ n‡e:

     cvuP ev Z‡ZvwaK ev‡K¨i GKwU Text _vK‡e| Text wUi cvuPwU evK¨‡K eª¨v‡K‡U Instruction †`Iqv _vK‡e| Instruction Aek¨B ¯•ó _vK‡e| A_©vr cÖkœKZ©v hw` g‡b K‡ib A_© wVK †i‡L evK¨wU cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e, Z‡e Aek¨B without changing the meaning D‡jÐL _vK‡e| evK¨My‡jv‡K Numbering Kivi Rb¨ a-e e¨envi Kiv n‡e| Gevi j¶ Ki:

      Read the text and change the sentences as directed.                                                 1 ´ 5 = 5

      Taimur was one of the greatest conquerors of the world. (a) Once Taimur attacked the province of a powerful prince (Make it passive). (b) He entered the kingdom of the prince and captured a large village (Make a question). (c) As soon as the prince heard the news, he came with a large army (Make it a negative sentence without changing the meaning). (d) The village was surrounded from all sides (Make it active). Taimur was defeated. (e) Taimur disguised himself as a poor traveler to survive (Make it a complex sentence).                  

      †hfv‡e DËi wjL‡Z n‡e :

      wk¶v_x©iv  Number e¨envi K‡i iƒcvšZwiZ evK¨My‡jv ch©vqµwgKfv‡e wjL‡e| cÖwZwU ev‡K¨i Rb¨ 1 K‡i †gvU Marks _vK‡e ‡gvU 05|

      Solution:

      (a)  Once the province of a powerful prince was attacked by Taimur.

(b)  Didn't he enter the kingdom of the prince and capture a large village??

(c)  No sooner had the prince heard the news than he came with a large army.

(d)  The army surrounded the village on all sides.

(e)  Taimur disguised himself as a poor traveler so that he could survive.

 

 

The old man was very wise.

Wasn't the old man very wise?

How wise the old man was?

The old man was not unwise at all.

 

Dc‡i †`Lv hv‡”Q A‡_©i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv NwU‡q Sentence-†K GK form †_‡K Aci form-G cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| †gvU K_v Sentence-Gi A_©MZ w`K AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L iƒcMZ cwieZ©b KivB nj Changing Sentence ev Transformation of Sentence †hgb :

(a)    The old man had three sons. (Negative)

        = The old man had not more than/ not less than three sons.

(b)    The sons were in bad terms. (Negative)

        = The sons were not in good terms.

Sentence-Gi wbgœwjwLZ cwieZ©bMy‡jv Transformation-Gi g‡a¨ c‡o|

Segment-1      A_© Abyhvqx Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative and Exclamatory, Negative,

  Affirmative Sentence-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|

Segment-2  MVb Abyhvqx Simple, Complex, Compound-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|

Segment-3  Degree of Comparison-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|

Segment-4  Active I Passive-Gi cvi¯•wiK cwieZ©b|

 

 

 

 

 

Segment-1

Transformation: Sentence as Meaning

 Affirmative D Negative 

mvaviYZ auxiliary verb Gi mv‡_ not †hvM K‡i †Kv‡bv evK¨‡K negative Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e auxiliary verb bv _vK‡j g~j verb Gi c~‡e© do not/does not/did not ewm‡q Negative Ki‡Z nq| †hgb:

Affirmative: The test was difficult for Osman. (Make it negative without changing meaning)

Negative: The test was not difficult for Osman. (Incorrect)

Correct: The test was not easy for Osman.

Affirmative: The Mayor broke his promise. (Make it negative without changing meaning)

Negative: The Mayor did not keep his promise.

 

Gfv‡e cwieZ©b Kivq evK¨ `ywUi A_© cwiewZ©Z n‡q wM‡q‡Q| ZvB Transformation of sentence Gi †¶‡Î GKUz wfbœfv‡e cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| KviY Transformation Gi e¨vcviwU n‡jv, A_© wVK †i‡L ïay Structure cwieZ©b Kiv| G‡¶‡Î Avgiv wZbwU wbqg AbymiY Kwi|

(i)    wbw`©ó Phrase cwieZ©b

(ii)   antonym + cÖkœvbyhvqx negative/affirmative

(iii)  interrogative + cÖkœvbyhvqx negative/affirmative

(i) wbw`©ó Phrase cwieZ©b

	Affirmative	Negative
1	Only / alone Ex : Only Shova deserves the award.	None but (e¨w³) / nothing but (e¯‘) / not more / less than (msL¨v / cwigvY) nowhere but (¯’vb) Ex : None but Shova deserves the award.
2	Must / have to + verb Gi g~j form Ex : She must cry hearing the news.	Cannot help + Ving / cannot but + V0 Ex : She cannot help crying hearing the news. Or, She cannot but cry hearing the news.
3	had to + verb Gi g~j form Ex: She had to laugh.	Could not help + Ving/ could not but + V0 Ex: She could not but laugh.
4	Both --------- and/ besides Ex: He eats both meat and fish. /He eats meat besides fish.	Not only ----------- but also Ex: He eats not only meat but also fish.
5	For the last time Ex: I have come here for the last time.	Never again shall --------- verb Ex: Never again shall I come here.
6	Every  + ……. + have verb Ex : Every girl has a soft heart.	There is/was no + ……. + without Ex : There is no girl without a soft heart.
7	Every + ----- + Ab¨ verb Ex : Every teacher wishes good for the students.	There is/was no ---- + but + Ab¨ verb Ex : There is no teacher but wishes good for the students.
8	Too----------to Structure : Sub + verb + too + adj + for + sub as obj + to + verb. Ex: The problem was too hard for me to solve.	So ---------- that Structure : Sub + verb + so + adj + that + sub + cannot /could not + verb. Ex : The problem was so hard that I could not solve it.
9	As soon as -------, ------ Ex: As soon as I entered the room, the bell rang.	No sooner had/Scarcely had/ Hardly had -- than Ex : No sooner had I entered the room than the bell rang.
10	Comparative/ Superlative	Positive degree

 

(ii)  Antonym + negative/ affirmative

       †hme sentence Gi †Kv‡bv k‡ãi antonym e¨envi Kiv hvq †m‡¶‡Î cÖkœvbyhvqx negative ev affirmative K‡i antonym e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb :

(i)    A frugal man lives a solvent life. (Negative) [DB '17]

       = A frugal man doesn't live an insolvent life.

(ii)   They will never be forgotten by their countrymen to the end. (Affirmative) [JB '17, CB '16]

       =They will always be remembered by their countrymen to the end.

(iii)  One day she thought Solomon's wisdom should not remain untested. ( Affirmative) [CtgB '17]

       = One day she thought Solomon's wisdom should be tested.

wKQy wecixZv_©K k‡ãi bgybv

Word	Antonym
a few (wKQy/AwZ Aí)	many (A‡bK)
a little (mvgvb¨/AwZ mvgvb¨)	much (A‡bK)
absent (Abycw¯’Z)	present (Dcw¯’Z)
active (mwµq)	inactive (wbw®Œq)
agreed (m¤§Z)	disagreed (Am¤§Z)
all (affirmative) (meB)	no (†KD bv)
all (negative) (meB bv)	some (wKQy)
always (affir) (me mgq)	never (KL‡bv bv)
always (negative) (me mgq bv)	sometimes (gv‡S gv‡S)
comfortable (¯^w¯’Ki)	uncomfortable (A¯^w¯’Ki)
doubtful (m‡›`ngq)	undoubtful / doubtless (m‡›`ngy³)
formal (AvbyôvwbK)	informal (AbvbyôvwbK)
friend (eÜz)	foe (kΓ)
good (fvj)	bad (g›`)
grateful (K…ZÁ)	ungrateful (AK…ZÁ)
happy (myLx)	unhappy (AmyLx)
hard (KwVb)	easy (mnR)
healthy (¯^v¯’¨Ki)	unhealthy (A¯^v¯’¨Ki)
honest (mr)	dishonest (Amr)
honesty (mZZv)	dishonesty (AmZZv)
honour (m¤§vb)	dishonour (Am¤§vb)
literate (wkw¶Z)	illiterate (Awkw¶Z)
love (fv‡jvevmv)	hate (N„Yv Kiv)
moral (ˆbwZK)	immoral (A‰bwZK)
obey (gvb¨ Kiv)	disobey (Agvb¨ Kiv)
ordinary (mvaviY)	extraordinary (AmvaviY)
patriot (†`k‡cÖwgK)	traitor (†`k‡`ªvnx)
pious (avwg©K)	impious (Aavwg©K)
pleasant (cÖxwZKi)	unpleasant (AcÖxwZKi)
pleased (mš‘ó)	displeased (Amš‘ó)
possible (m¤¢e)	impossible (Am¤¢e)
punctual (mgqwbô)	late (†`wi)
real (cÖK…Z)	unreal (AcÖK…Z)
regular (wbqwgZ)	irregular (AwbqwgZ)
remember (¯§iY Kiv)	forget (fz‡j hvIqv)
responsible (`vwqZ¡kxj)	irresponsible (`vwqZ¡nxb)
rich (abx)	poor (Mwie)
right (mwVK)	wrong (fzj)
sincere (Avš—wiK )	insincere (Avš—wiKnxb)
solvent (¯^”Qj)	insolvent (A¯^”Qj)
very (Lye)	less (Kg)
willing (B”QyK)	unwilling (Awb”QyK)
wise (Ávbx)	unwise (g~L©)
lazy (Ajm)	industrious (cwikÖgx)
honour (m¤§vb)	dishonour (Am¤§vb)
mortal (giYkxj)	immortal (AgiYkxj)
obedient (eva¨MZ)	disobedient (Aeva¨MZ)

 

(iii) interrogative + cÖkœvbyhvqx negative/affirmative

Universal truth sentence/ev †hme sentence †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cwieZ©b m¤¢e n‡”Q bv †m‡¶‡Î Affirmative interrogative †`qv _vK‡j Zv cwieZ©b K‡i Negative assertive Ges Affirmative assertive †`qv _vK‡j Zv cwieZ©b K‡i Negative interrogative Ki‡Z n‡e|

Assertive : The earth moves round the sun.

Interrogative : Doesn't the earth move round the sun?

 

 

 

 

 

 

(i)   Transform the following sentences into Negative:

      (a) Tea is a popular drink. (b) His wife Catherine loves gardening. (c) Most of the drivers of our country are illiterate. (d) At first, he only treated animals. (e) We must be grateful and kind to the cow. (f) Nazneen belongs to a small family. (g) They are honest and pious. (h) They are our friends. (i) He passed his early life in sorrows. (j) Everybody must be conscious of health.

(ii)  Transform the following sentences into Negative:

      (a) By working hard, they can improve their condition. (b) They are always sincere to their duties. (c) The literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor. (d) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was a very kind man. (e) He must go from one house to another in fair weather or foul. (f) They are honest and pious. (g) He is a regular student. (h) She was a very hardworking and responsible loanee. (i) Everybody wants friends. (j) Books are your real friends in your life.

(iii) Transform the following sentences into Affirmative:

      (a) None but Allah can help us. (b) None but the fool will say so. (c) Never tell a lie. (d) Jim was never late. (e) You cannot help going there. (f) Jerry was not a dishonest boy. (g) I did not find many people there. (h) No sooner had I reached the college than the bell rang. (i) There is no mother but loves her child. (j) No one will deny his courage.

(iv) Transform the following sentences into Affirmative:

      (a) Who does not like flowers? (b) So everybody cannot but be conscious of his health. (c) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (d) He is never late to attend his classes. (e) Who doesn’t know this? (f) I will never forget this day. (g) He could not but feel pity for the lion. (h) Nobody denies the importance of television. (i) Smoking is not only a dangerous habit but also a bad one. (j) She never thought that she should see me again.

 

 Assertive Ö Interrogative 

Assertive †_‡K Interrogative : mvaviYZ Assertive Sentence †K Interrogative Kivi Rb¨ cÖ`Ë ev‡K¨i (cÖ_g) auxiliary verb wU subject Gi c~‡e© Avb‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` auxiliary verb bv _v‡K Z‡e do/does/did AwZwi³ G‡b subject Gi c~‡e© emv‡Z n‡e Ges g~j verb wUi base form n‡e|

Example :

(i)   He is swimming in the pond. (Interrogative)

      =Is he swimming in the pond?

(ii)  He goes to school every day. (Interrogative)

      =Does he go to school everyday?

Avevi Interrogative †_‡K Assertive Ki‡Z n‡j subject Gi c–‡e©i auxiliary verb wU c‡i ivL‡Z nq| Z‡e do/does/did _vK‡j Zv ev` hvq Ges †m Abyhvqx verb Gi cwieZ©b nq|

(i)   Is he reading a book? (Assertive)

      =He is reading a book.

(ii)  Does he play football? (Assertive)

      =He plays football.

wKš‘ Gfv‡e cwieZ©b Ki‡j sentence Gi A_© wVK _v‡K bv| †h‡nZz Transformation of sentence Gi †¶‡Î A_© cwieZ©b bv K‡iB sentence Gi Structure cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq ZvB Avgiv `ywU wbqg AbymiY Kwi|

(A) wbw`©ó kã cwieZ©b

(B)  cÖkœvbyhvqx Assertive/ Interrogative + Negative/ Affirmative

(A)  wbw`©ó kã cwieZ©b:

      Interrogative †_‡K Assertive

1.   Who + Affirmative verb hy³ interrogative sentence †K assertive Kivi Rb¨ None/No one/Nobody wjL‡Z n‡e|

      Who believes a liar? (Assertive)

      =Nobody believes a liar.

2.   Who + Negative verb hy³ interrogative sentence †K assertive Kivi Rb¨ Everyone/ Everybody emv‡Z n‡e Ges evK¨wU affirmative n‡e|

      Who does not like flowers? (Assertive)

      =Everyone/Everybody likes flowers.

Assertive †_‡K Interrogative :

wVK GKBfv‡e Assertive †_‡K Interrogative Ki‡Z ej‡j None/Nobody Gi cwie‡Z© Who + affirmative verb em‡e Ges Everyone/ Everybody Gi cwie‡Z© Who + negative verb em‡e|

(i)   Nobody denies their contribution to their motherland. (Interrogative) [JB '17, CB '16]

      = Who denies their contribution to their motherland?

(ii)  Everybody loves him. (Interrogative)

      =Who does not love him?

(iii) Who does not want to be happy? (Assertive)

      =Everybody wants to be happy.

(B)  cÖkœvbyhvqx Assertive/ Interrogative + Negative/ affirmative

wbw`©ó kãMy‡jv (Who/ Nobody/ Everybody) bv _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î cÖkœvbyhvqx Assertive ev Interrogative Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ Sentence wU negative _vK‡j Affirmative ev Affirmative _vK‡j negative Ki‡Z n‡e|

(i)   Most of the people of our country are living in the rural areas. (Interrogative) [SB '17]

      =Aren't most of the people of our country living in the rural areas?

(ii)  Anger is nothing but a vice. (Interrogative) [DinajB '16]

      = Is anger anything but a vice?

(iii) You cannot be happy without it. (Interrogative) [CtgB '16]

      = Can you be happy without it?

(iv) The earth moves round the sun. (Interrogative)

      =Doesn't the earth move round the sun?

(v)  Doesn't she sing sweet? (Assertive)

      =She sings sweet.

(i)   Transform the following sentences into Interrogative:

      (a) Tea grows in plenty in Bangladesh. (b) Suddenly she woke up hearing a fearful cry. (c) There is no doubt that newspaper is a very essential thing. (d) They don't realize the high cost of living in Toronto. (e) I can never forget you. (f) Many of them left the Eidgah to meet their relatives. (g) They do nothing for the country. (h) Tree plantation programmes should be expanded to the remote corner of the country. (i) But books are always with us. (j) Patriotism is a very noble virtue.

(ii)  Transform the following sentences into Interrogative:

      (a) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (b) He can succeed in life. (c) It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate. (d) He inherited vast property from his father and sister. (e) It is the duty of the educated people to make them literate. (f) We are proud of our freedom fighters. (g) She passed her time in reading and writing. (h) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (i) Everybody respects a truthful person. (j) Everybody knows this.

(iii) Transform the following sentences into Assertive:

      (a) Does she mind taking tea? (b) Has she had her meal? (c) Had he taken his breakfast before he came? (d) Have I just had a snack? (e) Will they be playing? (f) Did she read the book? (g) Don't I have something to say? (h) Didn't they let the secret out? (i) Didn't the police interrogate the thief? (j) Shouldn't we follow the rules of health?

(iv) Transform the following sentences into Assertive:

      (a) Oughtn't we to speak the truth? (b) Mustn't we bear the courage to say the right thing? (c) May I not help you? (d) Is Jerry an honest boy? (e) Didn't they go to school yesterday? (f) Won't she read the book? (g) Does he not help me? (h) Will they not be working? (i) Aren't we going to open a bank account? (j) Mustn't they finish work? (k) Oughtn't the boys obey their teachers? (l) Didn't the smell tickle my nostrils? (m) Doesn't the flavour become monotonous? (n) Isn't addiction to drinking dangerous? (o) Didn't Jerry like the late spring? (p) Had he not been reading for two hours? (q) Have they not been catching fish for a long time? (r) Does he not help you? (s) Didn't they go to school yesterday? (t) Won't she read the book?

 Assertive to Exclamatory 

Assertive ‡_‡K Exclamatory Ki‡Z n‡j Exclamatory ev‡K¨i kyi“‡Z How ev What emv‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Assertive ev‡K¨ a/an _vK‡j What Ab¨_vq How e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi c‡i Verb Gi c‡ii Ask + verb Gi c~‡e©i Ask + (!) very/great _vK‡j Zv ev` hv‡e|

(i)   It was a great struggle for them. (Exclamatory) [RB '17]

      = What a struggle it was for them!

(ii)  Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory) [RB '16]

      =What an exciting game cricket is!  

(iii) Nasir earnestly desires to see her once. (Exclamatory) [JB '16]

      = How earnestly Nasir desires to see her once.

(iv) She is a very nice girl. (Exclamatory)

     =What a nice girl she is!

j¶Yxq : adjective/adverb Gi c~‡e© How e‡m wKš‘ noun/noun phrase Gi c–‡e© what e‡m| Aek¨ What Gi cwie‡Z© How-I emv‡bv hvq †m‡¶‡Î article wU noun Gi mv‡_ emv‡Z n‡e|

a.    Ruplal runs very fast. (Exclamatory)

·   How fast Ruplal runs!

              ¯

                adjective

b.    Dido is a very interesting man. (Exclamatory)

·   What an interesting man Dido is!

                                 ¯

                         Noun Phrase

       How interesting a man Dido is!

(i)   (a) Air pollution is very harmful for us. (b) Cricket is very exciting. (c) Really it is a very exciting game. (d) The next few days were terrible. (e) It looks very nice at sunset. (f) I wish I were a poet like Nazrul.

(ii)  (a) I wish I could visit this place. (b) The scenery of the school is very charming. (c) Social awareness is very essential to resist corruption. (d) Cricket is a very exciting game. (e) I was very glad to see the sea-beach. (f) Amina’s life was very difficult. (g) I wish I could visit the beach soon. (h) The flood of 1988 was very dangerous. (i) Babu's life is very difficult. (j) I wish I were a brilliant student.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Exclamatory †_‡K Assertive 

Rule-1 :

       Exclamatory Sentence-†K Assertive Ki‡Z n‡j MVb n‡e :

       Subject + Verb (a/an) great, very + Adjective + evwK Ask| †hgb :

       Exclamatory   :   What a fine bird it is!

       Assertive        :   It is a very fine bird.

       Exclamatory   :   What a pity!

       Assertive        :   It is/ was a great pity.

       Exclamatory   :   How beautiful the sight is!

       Assertive        :   The sight is very beautiful.

Rule-2 :

       Hurrah hy³ Exclamatory Sentence-†K Assertive Ki‡Z n‡j Hurrah-Gi cwie‡Z© it is a matter of joy that e‡m| †hgb :

       Exclamatory :  Hurrah! we have won the game.

       Assertive       :  It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.

Transform the following sentences into Assertive:

(i)   (a) How enthusiastic the people look on this day! (b) What an idea of cricket Twenty 20 is! (c) How charming! (d) But how difficult it is to find an honest man! (e) How time does fly! (f) But does everyone have a good house? (g) Haven't you heard the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam? 

(ii)  (a) What a wonderful boy you are! (b) What a clever girl you are! (c) What a cheat you are! (d) Hurrah! We have won the debate. (e) How beautiful the sight of the river was! (f) How cold the night was! (g) What a good man he is! (h) What a strange man he is! (i) Good morning! Mr. Kamal. (j) Alas! His father is no more.

 Assertive †_‡K Imperative 

Rule-1 :

       Assertive Sentence- Gi Subject wU You n‡j  Imperative Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ`Ë Sentence-wUi You †_‡K g~j Verb-Gi c~‡e © ch©š— ev` hv‡e +  Verb-Gi Base form + cÖ`Ë verb-Gi c‡ii Ask| †hgb :

       Assertive     :  You should do the work.

       Imperative  :  Do the work.

»      bv-†evaK n‡j Imperative Kivi mgq cÖ_‡g do not wj‡L wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb :

       Assertive     :  You should not go out.

       Imperative  :  Do not go out.

»      Assertive Sentence wU‡Z Never _vK‡j cÖ_‡g  never  wj‡L wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb

       Assertive     :  You should never tell a lie.

       Imperative  :  Never tell a lie.

»      Assertive Sentence wU‡Z requested _vK‡j cÖ_‡g  please  wj‡L wb‡Z n‡e| †hgb

       Assertive     :  You are requested to come.

       Imperative  :  Please, come.

 

Rule-2:

       Subject hw` first person A_ev third person nq Zvn‡j Let-Gi mv‡_ cÖ`Ë Sentence wUi Subject Gi Objective form Ges g~j Verb-wU em‡e| †hgb:

       Assertive     :  He wants to play cricket.

       Imperative  :  Let him play cricket.

      Transform the following sentences into Imperative.

      (a) We shall never tell a lie. (b) You ought to obey your parents. (c) He plays football. (d) We should go out. (e) She wants to go out. (f) We do not look down upon the poor. (g) He wants to do it. (h) You do not go out. (i) You should not kill your time. (j) You read the book. (k) Will you help my brother, please? (l) You warn him. (m) Would you post the letter for me, please? (n) You should not go out in cold weather. (o) You should think before you leap.

 Imperative †_‡K Assertive 

Rule : Imperative Sentence-G Subject 'you' Dn¨ _v‡K| Kv‡RB Assertive Kivi mgq Subject 'You'  †K e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb :

       Imperative :  Read the book.

       Assertive    :  You should read the book.

       Imperative :  Go away.

       Assertive    :  You should go away.

       Imperative :  Stop copying.

       Assertive    :  You should stop copying.

       Imperative :  Never tell a lie.

       Assertive    :  You should never tell a lie.

 Assertive †_‡K Optative 

Rule : Assertive  †_‡K Optative Kivi †¶‡Î cÖ`Ë Sentence-wUi cÖ_‡g may, Zvici Subject Ges AZtci   g-j Verb e‡m| †Kv‡bv Auxiliary Verb _vK‡j Zv D‡V hvq| †hgb :

       Assertive  :   You will prosper in life.

       Optative   :   May you prosper in life.

       Assertive  :   Our president will live long.

       Optative   :   May our president live long.

      Transform the following sentences into Optative.

(a)   God may bless you. (b) You may prosper in life. (c) God may grant you a long life. (d) You may have a prosperous journey. (e) Bangladesh may live long. (f) The President may live long. (g) Curse may befall on the terrorists. (h) Somebody wishes Ms Nishat good morning. (i) Somebody bids good bye to all of you. (j) You may shine in life. (k) You may be happy. (l) Our country may live long. (m) Our president may live long. (n) Somebody wishes his friends good bye.